See čuvati in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чу́вам",
"t": "to hear"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: чу́вам (čúvam, “to hear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: чу́вам (čúvam, “to hear”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "чува",
"t": "to heed, to guard"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: чува (čuva, “to heed, to guard”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: чува (čuva, “to heed, to guard”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "чу́вати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: чу́вати",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: чу́вати"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čúvati",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: čúvati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: čúvati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čūvati",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čūvati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "čūvati"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čūvati (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čūvati (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "czuwac"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: czuwac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: czuwac"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "czuwać"
},
"expansion": "Polish: czuwać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: czuwać"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "czùwac"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: czùwac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: czùwac"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)kowh₁éh₂yeti",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kowh₁éh₂yeti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)kowh₁éh₂yeti"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kowh₁éh₂yeti",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čuti",
"3": "*-vati"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, *čuti + *-vati",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skawwōną",
"3": "",
"t": "to watch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to watch”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kowh₁éh₂yeti from *(s)kewh₁-. By surface analysis, *čuti + *-vati. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to watch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čuti",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvanьje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvatъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvalъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvanъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvavъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuva",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuva",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaješi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajetь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvašę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajǫtь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaašeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajivě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajimъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čuvati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "čujati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "čuxati"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to be vigilant"
],
"id": "en-čuvati-sla-pro-verb-Dk5oLx1q",
"links": [
[
"vigilant",
"vigilant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to be vigilant"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-vati",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to heed, to hear"
],
"id": "en-čuvati-sla-pro-verb-AKJmCP5J",
"links": [
[
"heed",
"heed"
],
[
"hear",
"hear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to heed, to hear"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "čuvati"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kewh₁-",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-vati",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чу́вам",
"t": "to hear"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: чу́вам (čúvam, “to hear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: чу́вам (čúvam, “to hear”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "чува",
"t": "to heed, to guard"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: чува (čuva, “to heed, to guard”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: чува (čuva, “to heed, to guard”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "чу́вати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: чу́вати",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: чу́вати"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čúvati",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: čúvati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: čúvati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čūvati",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čūvati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "čūvati"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čūvati (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čūvati (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "czuwac"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: czuwac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: czuwac"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "czuwać"
},
"expansion": "Polish: czuwać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: czuwać"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "czùwac"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: czùwac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: czùwac"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)kowh₁éh₂yeti",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kowh₁éh₂yeti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)kowh₁éh₂yeti"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kowh₁éh₂yeti",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čuti",
"3": "*-vati"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, *čuti + *-vati",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skawwōną",
"3": "",
"t": "to watch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to watch”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kowh₁éh₂yeti from *(s)kewh₁-. By surface analysis, *čuti + *-vati. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to watch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čuti",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvanьje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvatъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvalъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvanъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvavъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuva",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuva",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaješi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajetь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvašę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajǫtь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaašeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajivě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvaaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajimъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuvajite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čuvati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "čujati"
},
{
"word": "čuxati"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to be vigilant"
],
"links": [
[
"vigilant",
"vigilant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to be vigilant"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to heed, to hear"
],
"links": [
[
"heed",
"heed"
],
[
"hear",
"hear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to heed, to hear"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "čuvati"
}
Download raw JSONL data for čuvati meaning in Proto-Slavic (9.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.