See čukъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for čukъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (6.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to knock, to throb",
"word": "čukati"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "чук",
"t": "part of forelock"
},
"expansion": "Russian: чук (čuk, “part of forelock”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Russian: чук (čuk, “part of forelock”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "чук",
"t": "rumble"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: чук (čuk, “rumble”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: чук (čuk, “rumble”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чу́к",
"t": "hammer; knock"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: чу́к (čúk, “hammer; knock”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: чу́к (čúk, “hammer; knock”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "чук",
"t": "knock"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: чук (čuk, “knock”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: чук (čuk, “knock”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "чу̏к",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: чу̏к",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: чу̏к (dialectal), ћу̑к (“pigmy owl”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čȕk",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: čȕk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: čȕk (dialectal), ćȗk (“pigmy owl”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čūk",
"t": "pigmy owl"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čūk (“pigmy owl”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čūk (“pigmy owl”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čьvati",
"3": "*-kъ",
"t1": "to bark, to wail"
},
"expansion": "*čьvati (“to bark, to wail”) + *-kъ",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čuxъ",
"3": "",
"4": "growl, sniffle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čuxъ (“growl, sniffle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kew-",
"4": "",
"5": "to wail, to shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew- (“to wail, to shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaũkti",
"3": "",
"4": "to howl"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kaũkti (“to howl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kàukt",
"3": "",
"4": "to yell, to howl"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kàukt (“to yell, to howl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kewh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to hew”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kyjь",
"3": "",
"4": "hammer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kyjь (“hammer”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly polygenetic. Proposed origins:\n* For onomatopoiec meaning: From an expressive *čuti, *čьvati (“to bark, to wail”) + *-kъ, parallel to Proto-Slavic *čuxъ (“growl, sniffle”). Per Snoj, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew- (“to wail, to shout”), akin to Lithuanian kaũkti (“to howl”), Latvian kàukt (“to yell, to howl”).\n* For tool meaning: From Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to hew”), related to Proto-Slavic *kyjь (“hammer”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čȗkъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "čukъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čukъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čukomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "čucěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čukъ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "hook",
"word": "kuka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "hilltop",
"word": "čuka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "growl, sniffle",
"word": "čuxъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "crack, crook",
"word": "čupъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "forelock",
"word": "čubъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "→ pigmy owl (in Western South Slavic)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"knock, clatter, rumble"
],
"id": "en-čukъ-sla-pro-noun-YBPEU-3R",
"links": [
[
"knock",
"knock"
],
[
"clatter",
"clatter"
],
[
"rumble",
"rumble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(onomatopoeic) knock, clatter, rumble"
],
"tags": [
"onomatopoeic",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hammer, mallet"
],
"id": "en-čukъ-sla-pro-noun-RYyA1bjO",
"links": [
[
"hammer",
"hammer"
],
[
"mallet",
"mallet"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*kyjь"
},
{
"word": "*moltъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "čukъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to knock, to throb",
"word": "čukati"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "чук",
"t": "part of forelock"
},
"expansion": "Russian: чук (čuk, “part of forelock”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Russian: чук (čuk, “part of forelock”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "чук",
"t": "rumble"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: чук (čuk, “rumble”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: чук (čuk, “rumble”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чу́к",
"t": "hammer; knock"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: чу́к (čúk, “hammer; knock”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: чу́к (čúk, “hammer; knock”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "чук",
"t": "knock"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: чук (čuk, “knock”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: чук (čuk, “knock”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "чу̏к",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: чу̏к",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: чу̏к (dialectal), ћу̑к (“pigmy owl”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čȕk",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: čȕk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: čȕk (dialectal), ćȗk (“pigmy owl”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čūk",
"t": "pigmy owl"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čūk (“pigmy owl”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čūk (“pigmy owl”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čьvati",
"3": "*-kъ",
"t1": "to bark, to wail"
},
"expansion": "*čьvati (“to bark, to wail”) + *-kъ",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čuxъ",
"3": "",
"4": "growl, sniffle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čuxъ (“growl, sniffle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kew-",
"4": "",
"5": "to wail, to shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew- (“to wail, to shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaũkti",
"3": "",
"4": "to howl"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kaũkti (“to howl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kàukt",
"3": "",
"4": "to yell, to howl"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kàukt (“to yell, to howl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kewh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to hew”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kyjь",
"3": "",
"4": "hammer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kyjь (“hammer”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly polygenetic. Proposed origins:\n* For onomatopoiec meaning: From an expressive *čuti, *čьvati (“to bark, to wail”) + *-kъ, parallel to Proto-Slavic *čuxъ (“growl, sniffle”). Per Snoj, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew- (“to wail, to shout”), akin to Lithuanian kaũkti (“to howl”), Latvian kàukt (“to yell, to howl”).\n* For tool meaning: From Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to hew”), related to Proto-Slavic *kyjь (“hammer”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čȗkъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "čukъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čukъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čukomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "čucěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čukъ",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "hook",
"word": "kuka"
},
{
"english": "hilltop",
"word": "čuka"
},
{
"english": "growl, sniffle",
"word": "čuxъ"
},
{
"english": "crack, crook",
"word": "čupъ"
},
{
"english": "forelock",
"word": "čubъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "→ pigmy owl (in Western South Slavic)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"knock, clatter, rumble"
],
"links": [
[
"knock",
"knock"
],
[
"clatter",
"clatter"
],
[
"rumble",
"rumble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(onomatopoeic) knock, clatter, rumble"
],
"tags": [
"onomatopoeic",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hammer, mallet"
],
"links": [
[
"hammer",
"hammer"
],
[
"mallet",
"mallet"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*kyjь"
},
{
"word": "*moltъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "čukъ"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (d4b8e84 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.