See čuka in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чу́ка"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: чу́ка (čúka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: чу́ка (čúka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "чука"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: чука (čuka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: чука (čuka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "чу̏ка",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: чу̏ка",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: чу̏ка"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čȕka",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: čȕka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: čȕka"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kjaukāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kjaukāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kewk-éh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewk-éh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haugaz",
"t": "height, hill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haugaz (“height, hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "çukë",
"t": "hill; beak"
},
"expansion": "Albanian çukë (“hill; beak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ciucă",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Romanian ciucă (“hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "cioc",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Romanian cioc (“beak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "cĭucă",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian cĭucă (“hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "ciucã",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian ciucã (“hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kjaukāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kewk-éh₂, from *kewk- (“to elevate, to crook”), contrast with *kuča (“heap”) from *kaukjāˀ, with Proto-Germanic *haugaz (“height, hill”). But regard Albanian çukë (“hill; beak”), Romanian ciucă (“hill”), Romanian cioc (“beak”), Megleno-Romanian cĭucă (“hill”), Aromanian ciucã (“hill”). Due to the regional distribution of the term, some scholars see a Balkan substrate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "čuka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čukъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čukamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "čukami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "čukasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuko",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "čuka"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čuka",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cusp, peak, rock hill"
],
"id": "en-čuka-sla-pro-noun-sJcvgFIL",
"links": [
[
"cusp",
"cusp"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"hill",
"hill"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "to be sitting atop",
"word": "čučati"
},
{
"english": "to hew, to knock",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "čukati"
},
{
"english": "hilltop",
"word": "čukarjь"
},
{
"english": "hook",
"word": "kuka"
},
{
"english": "heap",
"word": "kuča"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"Petar Skok"
]
}
],
"word": "čuka"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чу́ка"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: чу́ка (čúka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: чу́ка (čúka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "чука"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: чука (čuka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: чука (čuka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "чу̏ка",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: чу̏ка",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: чу̏ка"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čȕka",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: čȕka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: čȕka"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kjaukāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kjaukāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kewk-éh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewk-éh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haugaz",
"t": "height, hill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haugaz (“height, hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "çukë",
"t": "hill; beak"
},
"expansion": "Albanian çukë (“hill; beak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ciucă",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Romanian ciucă (“hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "cioc",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Romanian cioc (“beak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "cĭucă",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian cĭucă (“hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "ciucã",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian ciucã (“hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kjaukāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kewk-éh₂, from *kewk- (“to elevate, to crook”), contrast with *kuča (“heap”) from *kaukjāˀ, with Proto-Germanic *haugaz (“height, hill”). But regard Albanian çukë (“hill; beak”), Romanian ciucă (“hill”), Romanian cioc (“beak”), Megleno-Romanian cĭucă (“hill”), Aromanian ciucã (“hill”). Due to the regional distribution of the term, some scholars see a Balkan substrate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "čuka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čukъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čukamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "čukami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "čukasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuko",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "čuka"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čuka",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "to be sitting atop",
"word": "čučati"
},
{
"english": "to hew, to knock",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "čukati"
},
{
"english": "hilltop",
"word": "čukarjь"
},
{
"english": "hook",
"word": "kuka"
},
{
"english": "heap",
"word": "kuča"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"sla-pro:Landforms"
],
"glosses": [
"cusp, peak, rock hill"
],
"links": [
[
"cusp",
"cusp"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"hill",
"hill"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"Petar Skok"
]
}
],
"word": "čuka"
}
Download raw JSONL data for čuka meaning in Proto-Slavic (5.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.