See čuka on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čuka",
"4": "*čuka, *čukъ",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čuka, *čukъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čuka",
"4": "*čuka, *čukъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuka, *čukъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "čiùkaras",
"3": "",
"4": "sharp rock"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian čiùkaras (“sharp rock”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuka, *čukъ. Compare Lithuanian čiùkaras (“sharp rock”), dialectal Bulgarian чука́ра (čukára) and dialectal Serbian чу̀кара (“sharp rock”). According to some others, the word is borrowed from pre-Slavic substratum due to the fact that it's absent in western Slavic-speaking areas. Albanian çukë may be the possible original substratum word, coming from the abovementioned language.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čȕka",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "чу̏ка",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "čȕka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čȗkā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čȕki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čȕki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "čȕka"
},
"expansion": "čȕka f (Cyrillic spelling чу̏ка)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ču‧ka"
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Serbo-Croatian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hill or hillock on one side extremely steep, and the other milder sloped"
],
"id": "en-čuka-sh-noun-iiBRrr4o",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"hill",
"hill"
],
[
"hillock",
"hillock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) hill or hillock on one side extremely steep, and the other milder sloped"
],
"tags": [
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Serbo-Croatian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 69 6 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 65 4 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 38 15 18 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 69 4 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "sh:Landforms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 46 10 12 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "sh:Organs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 39 11 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Timekeeping",
"orig": "sh:Timekeeping",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hilltop"
],
"id": "en-čuka-sh-noun-N-cKymHd",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"hilltop",
"hilltop"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) hilltop"
],
"tags": [
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃûka/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9299 (srp)-Yogosp-čuka.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/LL-Q9299_%28srp%29-Yogosp-%C4%8Duka.wav/LL-Q9299_%28srp%29-Yogosp-%C4%8Duka.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Central",
"Serbia"
],
"text": "Audio (Central Serbia)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Petar Skok"
],
"word": "čuka"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From čȕkati.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čȕka",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "чу̏ка",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "čȕka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čȗkā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čȕki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čȕki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"head": "čȕka"
},
"expansion": "čȕka f (Cyrillic spelling чу̏ка)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ču‧ka"
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Serbo-Croatian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clock, watch"
],
"id": "en-čuka-sh-noun-~FnZkH0D",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"clock",
"clock"
],
[
"watch",
"watch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, regional) clock, watch"
],
"tags": [
"regional",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Serbo-Croatian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hour"
],
"id": "en-čuka-sh-noun-msCt1HXd",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"hour",
"hour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, regional) hour"
],
"tags": [
"regional",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Serbo-Croatian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heart, ticker"
],
"id": "en-čuka-sh-noun-UTgYGrFF",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"heart",
"heart"
],
[
"ticker",
"ticker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, regional) heart, ticker"
],
"tags": [
"regional",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃûka/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9299 (srp)-Yogosp-čuka.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/LL-Q9299_%28srp%29-Yogosp-%C4%8Duka.wav/LL-Q9299_%28srp%29-Yogosp-%C4%8Duka.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/LL-Q9299_%28srp%29-Yogosp-%C4%8Duka.wav/LL-Q9299_%28srp%29-Yogosp-%C4%8Duka.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Central",
"Serbia"
],
"text": "Audio (Central Serbia)"
}
],
"word": "čuka"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чу́ка"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: чу́ка (čúka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: чу́ка (čúka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "чука"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: чука (čuka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: чука (čuka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "чу̏ка",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: чу̏ка",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: чу̏ка"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čȕka",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: čȕka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: čȕka"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kjaukāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kjaukāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kewk-éh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewk-éh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haugaz",
"t": "height, hill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haugaz (“height, hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "çukë",
"t": "hill; beak"
},
"expansion": "Albanian çukë (“hill; beak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ciucă",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Romanian ciucă (“hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "cioc",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Romanian cioc (“beak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "cĭucă",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian cĭucă (“hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "ciucã",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian ciucã (“hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kjaukāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kewk-éh₂, from *kewk- (“to elevate, to crook”), contrast with *kuča (“heap”) from *kaukjāˀ, with Proto-Germanic *haugaz (“height, hill”). But regard Albanian çukë (“hill; beak”), Romanian ciucă (“hill”), Romanian cioc (“beak”), Megleno-Romanian cĭucă (“hill”), Aromanian ciucã (“hill”). Due to the regional distribution of the term, some scholars see a Balkan substrate, though the evidence for a Germanic cognate is striking.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "čuka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čukъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čukamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "čukami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "čukasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuko",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "čuka"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čuka",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cusp, peak, rock hill"
],
"id": "en-čuka-sla-pro-noun-sJcvgFIL",
"links": [
[
"cusp",
"cusp"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"hill",
"hill"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "to be sitting atop",
"word": "čučati"
},
{
"english": "to hew, to knock",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "čukati"
},
{
"english": "hilltop",
"word": "čukarjь"
},
{
"english": "hook",
"word": "kuka"
},
{
"english": "heap",
"word": "kuča"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"Petar Skok"
]
}
],
"word": "čuka"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чу́ка"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: чу́ка (čúka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: чу́ка (čúka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "чука"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: чука (čuka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: чука (čuka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "чу̏ка",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: чу̏ка",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: чу̏ка"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čȕka",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: čȕka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: čȕka"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kjaukāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kjaukāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kewk-éh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewk-éh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haugaz",
"t": "height, hill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haugaz (“height, hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "çukë",
"t": "hill; beak"
},
"expansion": "Albanian çukë (“hill; beak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ciucă",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Romanian ciucă (“hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "cioc",
"t": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Romanian cioc (“beak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "cĭucă",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian cĭucă (“hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "ciucã",
"t": "hill"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian ciucã (“hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kjaukāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kewk-éh₂, from *kewk- (“to elevate, to crook”), contrast with *kuča (“heap”) from *kaukjāˀ, with Proto-Germanic *haugaz (“height, hill”). But regard Albanian çukë (“hill; beak”), Romanian ciucă (“hill”), Romanian cioc (“beak”), Megleno-Romanian cĭucă (“hill”), Aromanian ciucã (“hill”). Due to the regional distribution of the term, some scholars see a Balkan substrate, though the evidence for a Germanic cognate is striking.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "čuka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čukъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čukamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "čukami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "čukasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuko",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čucě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuky",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "čuka"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čuka",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "to be sitting atop",
"word": "čučati"
},
{
"english": "to hew, to knock",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "čukati"
},
{
"english": "hilltop",
"word": "čukarjь"
},
{
"english": "hook",
"word": "kuka"
},
{
"english": "heap",
"word": "kuča"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"sla-pro:Landforms"
],
"glosses": [
"cusp, peak, rock hill"
],
"links": [
[
"cusp",
"cusp"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"hill",
"hill"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"Petar Skok"
]
}
],
"word": "čuka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"sh:Landforms",
"sh:Organs",
"sh:Timekeeping"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čuka",
"4": "*čuka, *čukъ",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čuka, *čukъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čuka",
"4": "*čuka, *čukъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuka, *čukъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "čiùkaras",
"3": "",
"4": "sharp rock"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian čiùkaras (“sharp rock”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuka, *čukъ. Compare Lithuanian čiùkaras (“sharp rock”), dialectal Bulgarian чука́ра (čukára) and dialectal Serbian чу̀кара (“sharp rock”). According to some others, the word is borrowed from pre-Slavic substratum due to the fact that it's absent in western Slavic-speaking areas. Albanian çukë may be the possible original substratum word, coming from the abovementioned language.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čȕka",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "чу̏ка",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "čȕka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čȗkā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čȕki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čȕki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "čȕka"
},
"expansion": "čȕka f (Cyrillic spelling чу̏ка)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ču‧ka"
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Regional Serbo-Croatian"
],
"glosses": [
"hill or hillock on one side extremely steep, and the other milder sloped"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"hill",
"hill"
],
[
"hillock",
"hillock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) hill or hillock on one side extremely steep, and the other milder sloped"
],
"tags": [
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Regional Serbo-Croatian"
],
"glosses": [
"hilltop"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"hilltop",
"hilltop"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) hilltop"
],
"tags": [
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃûka/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9299 (srp)-Yogosp-čuka.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/LL-Q9299_%28srp%29-Yogosp-%C4%8Duka.wav/LL-Q9299_%28srp%29-Yogosp-%C4%8Duka.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/LL-Q9299_%28srp%29-Yogosp-%C4%8Duka.wav/LL-Q9299_%28srp%29-Yogosp-%C4%8Duka.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Central",
"Serbia"
],
"text": "Audio (Central Serbia)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Petar Skok"
],
"word": "čuka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"sh:Landforms",
"sh:Organs",
"sh:Timekeeping"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From čȕkati.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čȕka",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "чу̏ка",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "čȕka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čȗkā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čȕki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čȕki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "čȕka"
},
"expansion": "čȕka f (Cyrillic spelling чу̏ка)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ču‧ka"
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Regional Serbo-Croatian",
"Serbo-Croatian slang"
],
"glosses": [
"clock, watch"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"clock",
"clock"
],
[
"watch",
"watch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, regional) clock, watch"
],
"tags": [
"regional",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Regional Serbo-Croatian",
"Serbo-Croatian slang"
],
"glosses": [
"hour"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"hour",
"hour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, regional) hour"
],
"tags": [
"regional",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Regional Serbo-Croatian",
"Serbo-Croatian slang"
],
"glosses": [
"heart, ticker"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"heart",
"heart"
],
[
"ticker",
"ticker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, regional) heart, ticker"
],
"tags": [
"regional",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃûka/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9299 (srp)-Yogosp-čuka.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/LL-Q9299_%28srp%29-Yogosp-%C4%8Duka.wav/LL-Q9299_%28srp%29-Yogosp-%C4%8Duka.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/LL-Q9299_%28srp%29-Yogosp-%C4%8Duka.wav/LL-Q9299_%28srp%29-Yogosp-%C4%8Duka.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Central",
"Serbia"
],
"text": "Audio (Central Serbia)"
}
],
"word": "čuka"
}
Download raw JSONL data for čuka meaning in All languages combined (12.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (89ebc88 and e74c913). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.