See bʰeg- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰég-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*begeti",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *begeti (“to break”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *begeti (“to break”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "do·beig"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: do·beig",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: do·beig"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰég-t ~ *bʰg-ént (athematic root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "եբեկ",
"t": "broke"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: եբեկ (ebek, “broke”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: եբեկ (ebek, “broke”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰ-né-g-ti ~ *bʰ-n̥-g-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բեկանեմ",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բեկանեմ (bekanem, “to break”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բեկանեմ (bekanem, “to break”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "-",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bengiú"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: bengiú",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: bengiú, beñgti (“to break up”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*baigtei",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baigtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baigtei"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "baĩgti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: baĩgti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: baĩgti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*beigtei",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *beigtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *beigtei"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bèigt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bèigt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bèigt"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "beĩgti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: beĩgti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: beĩgti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰanákti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰanákti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰanákti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰanákti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰanákti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰanákti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भनक्ति",
"tr": "bhanákti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भनक्ति (bhanákti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भनक्ति (bhanákti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰég-n̥to- ~ *bʰg-n̥to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*p(ä)känte"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *p(ä)känte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *p(ä)känte"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "pkänt",
"t": "separate"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: pkänt (“separate”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: pkänt (“separate”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pkante",
"t": "obstacle"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: pkante (“obstacle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: pkante (“obstacle”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰog-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dī-bogo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *dī-bogo-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *dī-bogo-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "di-fo"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: di-fo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: di-fo, diuo (“destroying”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰog-smn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*boxsman"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *boxsman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *boxsman"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "boimm",
"t": "piece, fragment"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: boimm (“piece, fragment”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: boimm (“piece, fragment”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰog-tós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*boxtos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *boxtos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *boxtos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bocht",
"t": "poor"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: bocht (“poor”)\nIrish: bocht\nManx: boght\nScottish Gaelic: bochd",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: bocht (“poor”)\nIrish: bocht\nManx: boght\nScottish Gaelic: bochd"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰaktás",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaktás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰeh₂g-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or from *bʰeh₂g-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaktás (or from *bʰeh₂g-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰog-yo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bogyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bogyos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bogyos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ráthbuige",
"t": "ramparts builder"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ráthbuige (“ramparts builder”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ráthbuige (“ramparts builder”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bikjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bikjaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bikjaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bangōną",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bangōną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bangōną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भङ्ग",
"tr": "bhaṅgá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भङ्ग (bhaṅgá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भङ्ग (bhaṅgá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰaǰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaǰ-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaǰ-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*baǰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *baǰ-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *baǰ-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Khotanese: bajsīha- (“mortar”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "سونجه",
"tr": "sunje"
},
"expansion": "Persian: سونجه (sunje)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Tār dialect"
},
"expansion": "(Tār dialect)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Persian: سونجه (sunje), [script needed] (vsönǰ-), [script needed] (sönǰ-, “to tear, break”) (Tār dialect)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भञ्ज्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भञ्ज् (bhañj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भञ्ज् (bhañj)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeg-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to break"
],
"id": "en-bʰeg--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:break",
"links": [
[
"break",
"break"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:break"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*bʰreg-"
},
{
"word": "*bʰrew-"
},
{
"word": "*bʰrews-"
},
{
"word": "*Hrewp-"
},
{
"word": "*kelh₂-"
},
{
"word": "*h₃lem-"
},
{
"word": "*lewǵ-"
},
{
"word": "*(s)kep-"
},
{
"word": "*weh₂ǵ-"
},
{
"word": "*wreh₁ǵ-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bʰeng-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "bʰeg-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰ-né-g-ti ~ *bʰ-n̥-g-énti (nasal-infixed present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰeng-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"pos": "virtual root"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰeng- (virtual root)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "back-formed"
},
"expansion": "(back-formed)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰeng- (virtual root) (back-formed)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*bʰong-éh₂",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? *bʰong-éh₂",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "unless from the sense “to break” above"
},
"expansion": "(unless from the sense “to break” above)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒? *bʰong-éh₂ (unless from the sense “to break” above)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*bangā́ˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bangā́ˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bangā́ˀ"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bañga"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bañga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bañga, buôga (“multitude, crowd, grove; downpour, cloud”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bangà",
"t": "billow, wave; multitude"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: bangà (“billow, wave; multitude”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: bangà (“billow, wave; multitude”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*bʰong-i-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰong-i-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰong-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bankiz",
"t": "bulge, hillock; bench",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bankiz (“bulge, hillock; bench”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bankiz (“bulge, hillock; bench”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*bʰong-ō",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰong-ō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰong-ō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bankô",
"t": "bank; hill",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bankô (“bank; hill”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bankô (“bank; hill”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*bʰéng-ō ~ *bʰn̥g-n-és",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰéng-ō ~ *bʰn̥g-n-és",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰéng-ō ~ *bʰn̥g-n-és"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bunkô",
"t": "bump, heap; bunch, crowd",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bunkô (“bump, heap; bunch, crowd”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bunkô (“bump, heap; bunch, crowd”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰog-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bakiz",
"t": "brook; beach",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bakiz (“brook; beach”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bakiz (“brook; beach”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰog-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*baką",
"t": "back",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *baką (“back”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *baką (“back”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰóg-ō ~ *bʰg-né-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"alt1": "*bakô",
"alt2": "*bakkô",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bakô, *bakkô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bakô, *bakkô"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bakō",
"alts": "1",
"t": "back",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-West Germanic: *bakō (“back”), *bakkō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-West Germanic: *bakō (“back”), *bakkō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*bōgnás",
"qq": "unless from a substrate source",
"t": "swamp, bog, marsh",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bōgnás (“swamp, bog, marsh”) (unless from a substrate source)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bōgnás (“swamp, bog, marsh”) (unless from a substrate source)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bognà",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Lithuanian: bognà",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Lithuanian: bognà"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bagnò"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bagnò",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bagnò (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeg-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to bend, curve, arch"
],
"id": "en-bʰeg--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:arch",
"links": [
[
"bend",
"bend"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"arch",
"arch"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:arch"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to billow, swell"
],
"id": "en-bʰeg--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:swell",
"links": [
[
"billow",
"billow"
],
[
"swell",
"swell"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:swell"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a body of water: river ~ marsh, bog"
],
"id": "en-bʰeg--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:water",
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"river",
"river"
],
[
"marsh",
"marsh"
],
[
"bog",
"bog"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:water"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bʰeng-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bʰedʰh₂-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bʰewgʰ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ǵʰwel-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ger-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gew-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "h₂eng-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "h₂enk-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Heh₃l-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kewk-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kh₂em-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kʷelp-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lew-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lewd-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lewg-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ley-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "(s)kel-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "(s)ker-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "wenk-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "wer-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "werbʰ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "weyk-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "bʰeg-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰég-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*begeti",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *begeti (“to break”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *begeti (“to break”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "do·beig"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: do·beig",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: do·beig"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰég-t ~ *bʰg-ént (athematic root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "եբեկ",
"t": "broke"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: եբեկ (ebek, “broke”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: եբեկ (ebek, “broke”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰ-né-g-ti ~ *bʰ-n̥-g-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բեկանեմ",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: բեկանեմ (bekanem, “to break”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: բեկանեմ (bekanem, “to break”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "-",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bengiú"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: bengiú",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: bengiú, beñgti (“to break up”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*baigtei",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baigtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baigtei"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "baĩgti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: baĩgti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: baĩgti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*beigtei",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *beigtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *beigtei"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bèigt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bèigt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bèigt"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "beĩgti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: beĩgti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: beĩgti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰanákti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰanákti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰanákti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰanákti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰanákti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰanákti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भनक्ति",
"tr": "bhanákti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भनक्ति (bhanákti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भनक्ति (bhanákti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰég-n̥to- ~ *bʰg-n̥to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*p(ä)känte"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *p(ä)känte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *p(ä)känte"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "pkänt",
"t": "separate"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: pkänt (“separate”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: pkänt (“separate”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pkante",
"t": "obstacle"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: pkante (“obstacle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: pkante (“obstacle”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰog-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dī-bogo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *dī-bogo-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *dī-bogo-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "di-fo"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: di-fo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: di-fo, diuo (“destroying”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰog-smn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*boxsman"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *boxsman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *boxsman"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "boimm",
"t": "piece, fragment"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: boimm (“piece, fragment”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: boimm (“piece, fragment”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰog-tós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*boxtos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *boxtos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *boxtos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bocht",
"t": "poor"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: bocht (“poor”)\nIrish: bocht\nManx: boght\nScottish Gaelic: bochd",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: bocht (“poor”)\nIrish: bocht\nManx: boght\nScottish Gaelic: bochd"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰaktás",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaktás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰeh₂g-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or from *bʰeh₂g-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaktás (or from *bʰeh₂g-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰog-yo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bogyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bogyos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bogyos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ráthbuige",
"t": "ramparts builder"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ráthbuige (“ramparts builder”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ráthbuige (“ramparts builder”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bikjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bikjaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bikjaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bangōną",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bangōną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bangōną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भङ्ग",
"tr": "bhaṅgá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भङ्ग (bhaṅgá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भङ्ग (bhaṅgá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰaǰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaǰ-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰaǰ-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*baǰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *baǰ-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *baǰ-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Khotanese: bajsīha- (“mortar”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "سونجه",
"tr": "sunje"
},
"expansion": "Persian: سونجه (sunje)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Tār dialect"
},
"expansion": "(Tār dialect)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Persian: سونجه (sunje), [script needed] (vsönǰ-), [script needed] (sönǰ-, “to tear, break”) (Tār dialect)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भञ्ज्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भञ्ज् (bhañj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भञ्ज् (bhañj)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeg-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to break"
],
"links": [
[
"break",
"break"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:break"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*bʰreg-"
},
{
"word": "*bʰrew-"
},
{
"word": "*bʰrews-"
},
{
"word": "*Hrewp-"
},
{
"word": "*kelh₂-"
},
{
"word": "*h₃lem-"
},
{
"word": "*lewǵ-"
},
{
"word": "*(s)kep-"
},
{
"word": "*weh₂ǵ-"
},
{
"word": "*wreh₁ǵ-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bʰeng-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "bʰeg-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰ-né-g-ti ~ *bʰ-n̥-g-énti (nasal-infixed present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰeng-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"pos": "virtual root"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰeng- (virtual root)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "back-formed"
},
"expansion": "(back-formed)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰeng- (virtual root) (back-formed)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*bʰong-éh₂",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? *bʰong-éh₂",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "unless from the sense “to break” above"
},
"expansion": "(unless from the sense “to break” above)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒? *bʰong-éh₂ (unless from the sense “to break” above)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*bangā́ˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bangā́ˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bangā́ˀ"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bañga"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: bañga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: bañga, buôga (“multitude, crowd, grove; downpour, cloud”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bangà",
"t": "billow, wave; multitude"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: bangà (“billow, wave; multitude”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: bangà (“billow, wave; multitude”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*bʰong-i-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰong-i-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰong-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bankiz",
"t": "bulge, hillock; bench",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bankiz (“bulge, hillock; bench”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bankiz (“bulge, hillock; bench”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*bʰong-ō",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰong-ō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰong-ō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bankô",
"t": "bank; hill",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bankô (“bank; hill”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bankô (“bank; hill”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*bʰéng-ō ~ *bʰn̥g-n-és",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *bʰéng-ō ~ *bʰn̥g-n-és",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *bʰéng-ō ~ *bʰn̥g-n-és"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bunkô",
"t": "bump, heap; bunch, crowd",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bunkô (“bump, heap; bunch, crowd”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bunkô (“bump, heap; bunch, crowd”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰog-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bakiz",
"t": "brook; beach",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bakiz (“brook; beach”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bakiz (“brook; beach”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰog-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*baką",
"t": "back",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *baką (“back”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *baką (“back”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰóg-ō ~ *bʰg-né-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"alt1": "*bakô",
"alt2": "*bakkô",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bakô, *bakkô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *bakô, *bakkô"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bakō",
"alts": "1",
"t": "back",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-West Germanic: *bakō (“back”), *bakkō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-West Germanic: *bakō (“back”), *bakkō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*bōgnás",
"qq": "unless from a substrate source",
"t": "swamp, bog, marsh",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bōgnás (“swamp, bog, marsh”) (unless from a substrate source)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bōgnás (“swamp, bog, marsh”) (unless from a substrate source)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bognà",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Lithuanian: bognà",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Lithuanian: bognà"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bagnò"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bagnò",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bagnò (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeg-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to bend, curve, arch"
],
"links": [
[
"bend",
"bend"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"arch",
"arch"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:arch"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to billow, swell"
],
"links": [
[
"billow",
"billow"
],
[
"swell",
"swell"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:swell"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a body of water: river ~ marsh, bog"
],
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"river",
"river"
],
[
"marsh",
"marsh"
],
[
"bog",
"bog"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:water"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bʰeng-"
},
{
"word": "bʰedʰh₂-"
},
{
"word": "bʰewgʰ-"
},
{
"word": "ǵʰwel-"
},
{
"word": "ger-"
},
{
"word": "gew-"
},
{
"word": "h₂eng-"
},
{
"word": "h₂enk-"
},
{
"word": "Heh₃l-"
},
{
"word": "kewk-"
},
{
"word": "kh₂em-"
},
{
"word": "kʷelp-"
},
{
"word": "lew-"
},
{
"word": "lewd-"
},
{
"word": "lewg-"
},
{
"word": "ley-"
},
{
"word": "(s)kel-"
},
{
"word": "(s)ker-"
},
{
"word": "wenk-"
},
{
"word": "wer-"
},
{
"word": "werbʰ-"
},
{
"word": "weyk-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "bʰeg-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bʰeg- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (15.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.