See bʰewgʰ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéwgʰ-e-ti (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*beuganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *beuganą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *beuganą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰowgʰ-éye-ti (éye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*baugijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *baugijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *baugijaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰugʰ-to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*bukta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *bukta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *bukta"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "butë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: butë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: butë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰugʰ- (zero-grade root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "բուկ",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Armenian: բուկ (buk)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "seems to reflect *bʰewg-"
},
"expansion": "(seems to reflect *bʰewg-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Armenian: բուկ (buk) (seems to reflect *bʰewg-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰuǰáti",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰuǰáti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "seems to reflect *bʰewg-"
},
"expansion": "(seems to reflect *bʰewg-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰuǰáti (seems to reflect *bʰewg-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰuȷ́áti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰuȷ́áti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰuȷ́áti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भुजति",
"tr": "bhujáti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भुजति (bhujáti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भुजति (bhujáti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*buȷ́áti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *buȷ́áti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *buȷ́áti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬜𐬡𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀",
"t": "bend"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬜𐬡𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀 (δβaoγa, “bend”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬜𐬡𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀 (δβaoγa, “bend”) (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬀𐬌𐬞𐬌𐬜𐬡𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀",
"t": "bending from behind"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬞𐬌𐬜𐬡𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀 (aⁱpiδβaoγa, “bending from behind”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬞𐬌𐬜𐬡𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀 (aⁱpiδβaoγa, “bending from behind”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"t": "to sink down, set",
"tr": "nihujs"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (nihujs, “to sink down, set”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ *ni- (“down”)"
},
"expansion": "(+ *ni- (“down”))",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ *ham- (“co-”)"
},
"expansion": "(+ *ham- (“co-”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (nihujs, “to sink down, set”) (+ *ni- (“down”)); [script needed] (haṃbujs, “to bow down”) (+ *ham- (“co-”))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰugʰ-eh₂-yé-ti (eh₂-denominal causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bъgati",
"der": "1",
"t": "to bend"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *bъgati (“to bend”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *bъgati (“to bend”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰugʰ-néh₂-ti (iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bukkōną",
"t": "to bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bukkōną (“to bend”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bukkōną (“to bend”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bugô",
"der": "1",
"t": "bow"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bugô (“bow”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bugô (“bow”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰu-né-gʰ- ~ *bʰu-n̥-gʰ-e-ti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bungeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bungeti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bungeti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéwgʰ-ti-s ~ *bʰugʰ-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*buhtiz",
"t": "bend, arch, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *buhtiz (“bend, arch, curve”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰúktis</i>"
},
"expansion": "(< *bʰúktis)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *buhtiz (“bend, arch, curve”) (< *bʰúktis) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰowgʰ-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*baugaz",
"t": "bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *baugaz (“bend”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *baugaz (“bend”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰawgas",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰawgas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "seems to reflect *bʰewg-"
},
"expansion": "(seems to reflect *bʰewg-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰawgas (seems to reflect *bʰewg-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भोग",
"t": "winding, curve",
"tr": "bhogá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भोग (bhogá, “winding, curve”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भोग (bhogá, “winding, curve”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*bawgah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *bawgah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *bawgah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "بوگ",
"t": "joint, knot",
"tr": "bōg"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: بوگ (bōg, “joint, knot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: بوگ (bōg, “joint, knot”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bugъ",
"t": "armillary"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bugъ (“armillary”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bugъ (“armillary”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*baugāˀ",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baugāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baugāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "boga",
"t": "marshy place at a river"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: boga (“marshy place at a river”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: boga (“marshy place at a river”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*buga",
"t": "marsh, oxbow lake"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *buga (“marsh, oxbow lake”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *buga (“marsh, oxbow lake”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰówgʰ-ro-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "baugurs",
"alt": "baũgurs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: baũgurs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: baũgurs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bugrъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bugrъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bugrъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*bʰowgʰ-ú-s",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *bʰowgʰ-ú-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *bʰowgʰ-ú-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "baugùs",
"t": "fearful, easily frightened"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: baugùs (“fearful, easily frightened”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: baugùs (“fearful, easily frightened”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bū́gti",
"der": "1",
"t": "to fear"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Lithuanian: bū́gti (“to fear”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sta-present"
},
"expansion": "(sta-present)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Lithuanian: bū́gti (“to fear”) (sta-present)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bugavъ",
"der": "1",
"t": "mentally challenged"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *bugavъ (“mentally challenged”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rare"
},
"expansion": "(rare)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *bugavъ (“mentally challenged”) (rare)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰugʰ-nó-s (“bent”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰugnás",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰugnás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰewg-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(< *bʰewg-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰugnás (< *bʰewg-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰugnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰugnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰugnás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भुग्न",
"tr": "bhugná"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भुग्न (bhugná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भुग्न (bhugná)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰu-né-bʰ- ~ *gʰu-m-bʰ- (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gubt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: gubt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: gubt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gùbti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gùbti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gùbti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰubʰ-néw- ~ *gʰubʰ-nu- (nu-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gъbnǫti",
"alt": "*gъ(b)nǫti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gъ(b)nǫti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gъ(b)nǫti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰowbʰ-eye- (causative/iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gubìti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gubìti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gubìti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰúǰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúǰas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "seems to reflect *bʰewg-"
},
"expansion": "(seems to reflect *bʰewg-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúǰas (seems to reflect *bʰewg-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰúȷ́as"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰúȷ́as",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰúȷ́as"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भुज",
"tr": "bhúja"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भुज (bhúja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भुज (bhúja)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰewgʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to bend"
],
"id": "en-bʰewgʰ--ine-pro-root-ZsIWzAtu",
"links": [
[
"bend",
"bend"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"curve, arch"
],
"id": "en-bʰewgʰ--ine-pro-root-lhjFfimw",
"links": [
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"arch",
"arch"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "bʰewgʰ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéwgʰ-e-ti (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*beuganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *beuganą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *beuganą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰowgʰ-éye-ti (éye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*baugijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *baugijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *baugijaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰugʰ-to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*bukta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *bukta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *bukta"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "butë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: butë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: butë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰugʰ- (zero-grade root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "բուկ",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Armenian: բուկ (buk)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "seems to reflect *bʰewg-"
},
"expansion": "(seems to reflect *bʰewg-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Armenian: բուկ (buk) (seems to reflect *bʰewg-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰuǰáti",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰuǰáti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "seems to reflect *bʰewg-"
},
"expansion": "(seems to reflect *bʰewg-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰuǰáti (seems to reflect *bʰewg-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰuȷ́áti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰuȷ́áti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰuȷ́áti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भुजति",
"tr": "bhujáti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भुजति (bhujáti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भुजति (bhujáti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*buȷ́áti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *buȷ́áti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *buȷ́áti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬜𐬡𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀",
"t": "bend"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬜𐬡𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀 (δβaoγa, “bend”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬜𐬡𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀 (δβaoγa, “bend”) (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬀𐬌𐬞𐬌𐬜𐬡𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀",
"t": "bending from behind"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬞𐬌𐬜𐬡𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀 (aⁱpiδβaoγa, “bending from behind”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬞𐬌𐬜𐬡𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀 (aⁱpiδβaoγa, “bending from behind”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"t": "to sink down, set",
"tr": "nihujs"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (nihujs, “to sink down, set”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ *ni- (“down”)"
},
"expansion": "(+ *ni- (“down”))",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ *ham- (“co-”)"
},
"expansion": "(+ *ham- (“co-”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (nihujs, “to sink down, set”) (+ *ni- (“down”)); [script needed] (haṃbujs, “to bow down”) (+ *ham- (“co-”))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰugʰ-eh₂-yé-ti (eh₂-denominal causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bъgati",
"der": "1",
"t": "to bend"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *bъgati (“to bend”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *bъgati (“to bend”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰugʰ-néh₂-ti (iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bukkōną",
"t": "to bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bukkōną (“to bend”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bukkōną (“to bend”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bugô",
"der": "1",
"t": "bow"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bugô (“bow”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bugô (“bow”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰu-né-gʰ- ~ *bʰu-n̥-gʰ-e-ti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*bungeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *bungeti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *bungeti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰéwgʰ-ti-s ~ *bʰugʰ-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*buhtiz",
"t": "bend, arch, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *buhtiz (“bend, arch, curve”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰúktis</i>"
},
"expansion": "(< *bʰúktis)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *buhtiz (“bend, arch, curve”) (< *bʰúktis) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰowgʰ-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*baugaz",
"t": "bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *baugaz (“bend”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *baugaz (“bend”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰawgas",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰawgas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "seems to reflect *bʰewg-"
},
"expansion": "(seems to reflect *bʰewg-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰawgas (seems to reflect *bʰewg-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भोग",
"t": "winding, curve",
"tr": "bhogá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भोग (bhogá, “winding, curve”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भोग (bhogá, “winding, curve”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*bawgah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *bawgah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *bawgah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "بوگ",
"t": "joint, knot",
"tr": "bōg"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: بوگ (bōg, “joint, knot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: بوگ (bōg, “joint, knot”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bugъ",
"t": "armillary"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bugъ (“armillary”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bugъ (“armillary”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*baugāˀ",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baugāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baugāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "boga",
"t": "marshy place at a river"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: boga (“marshy place at a river”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: boga (“marshy place at a river”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*buga",
"t": "marsh, oxbow lake"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *buga (“marsh, oxbow lake”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *buga (“marsh, oxbow lake”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰówgʰ-ro-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "baugurs",
"alt": "baũgurs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: baũgurs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: baũgurs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bugrъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *bugrъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *bugrъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*bʰowgʰ-ú-s",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *bʰowgʰ-ú-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *bʰowgʰ-ú-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "baugùs",
"t": "fearful, easily frightened"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: baugùs (“fearful, easily frightened”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: baugùs (“fearful, easily frightened”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bū́gti",
"der": "1",
"t": "to fear"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Lithuanian: bū́gti (“to fear”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sta-present"
},
"expansion": "(sta-present)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Lithuanian: bū́gti (“to fear”) (sta-present)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bugavъ",
"der": "1",
"t": "mentally challenged"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *bugavъ (“mentally challenged”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rare"
},
"expansion": "(rare)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *bugavъ (“mentally challenged”) (rare)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰugʰ-nó-s (“bent”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰugnás",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰugnás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰewg-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(< *bʰewg-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰugnás (< *bʰewg-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰugnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰugnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰugnás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भुग्न",
"tr": "bhugná"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भुग्न (bhugná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भुग्न (bhugná)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰu-né-bʰ- ~ *gʰu-m-bʰ- (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gubt"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: gubt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: gubt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gùbti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gùbti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gùbti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰubʰ-néw- ~ *gʰubʰ-nu- (nu-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gъbnǫti",
"alt": "*gъ(b)nǫti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gъ(b)nǫti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gъ(b)nǫti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʰowbʰ-eye- (causative/iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gubìti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gubìti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gubìti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*bʰúǰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúǰas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "seems to reflect *bʰewg-"
},
"expansion": "(seems to reflect *bʰewg-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúǰas (seems to reflect *bʰewg-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*bʰúȷ́as"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰúȷ́as",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰúȷ́as"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भुज",
"tr": "bhúja"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: भुज (bhúja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: भुज (bhúja)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰewgʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to bend"
],
"links": [
[
"bend",
"bend"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"curve, arch"
],
"links": [
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"arch",
"arch"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "bʰewgʰ-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bʰewgʰ- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (13.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.