See kierunek in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kierunek meaning in Polish (7.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kierunkowskaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pod kierunkiem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kierunkować"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kierować",
"3": "-unek"
},
"expansion": "kierować + -unek",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "borrowed"
},
"expansion": "borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Kehrung",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "German Kehrung",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Kehrung",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from German Kehrung",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1786"
},
"expansion": "1786",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Samuel Bogumił Linde (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1807–1814) “kierunek”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite></span></span>",
"name": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1786",
"ref": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Samuel Bogumił Linde (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1807–1814) “kierunek”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite></span></span>"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1786.",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "czerënk"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian czerënk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-mas",
"2": "kierunek"
},
"expansion": "Masurian kierunek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "kierōnek"
},
"expansion": "Silesian kierōnek",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From kierować + -unek or borrowed from German Kehrung. First attested in 1786. Compare Kashubian czerënk, Masurian kierunek, and Silesian kierōnek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kierunkowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "kierunkowy"
},
"expansion": "kierunek m inan (related adjective kierunkowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kie‧ru‧nek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bezkierunkowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bezkierunkowo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kierunkowo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bezkierunkowość"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kierowca"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kierownica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kierunkowość"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kierować"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"direction (point toward which an object or person is moving or facing)"
],
"id": "en-kierunek-pl-noun-iilyEx6T",
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "strona"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"direction (laid and planned out mode of action for the future associated with a goal)"
],
"id": "en-kierunek-pl-noun-YZ4hfGjp",
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "azymut"
},
{
"word": "kurs"
},
{
"word": "linia"
},
{
"word": "tor"
},
{
"word": "wektor"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"direction; school (general trend for future, especially in i.e. literature)"
],
"id": "en-kierunek-pl-noun-KjmT36xH",
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
],
[
"school",
"school"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "izm"
},
{
"word": "nurt"
},
{
"word": "prąd"
},
{
"word": "szkoła"
},
{
"word": "tendencja"
},
{
"word": "trend"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "pl:Education",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"major (chosen field of study)"
],
"id": "en-kierunek-pl-noun-GTkFY1tE",
"links": [
[
"education",
"education"
],
[
"major",
"major"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(education) major (chosen field of study)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"education"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "pl:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"warzone (area where war takes place)"
],
"id": "en-kierunek-pl-noun-N7RRY02q",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"warzone",
"warzone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) warzone (area where war takes place)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Transport",
"orig": "pl:Transport",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 22 21 38 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 7 18 21 34 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 5 21 20 37 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 5 21 20 37 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 8 18 19 28 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -unek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"directional, turn signal, indicator, blinker"
],
"id": "en-kierunek-pl-noun-gVtVHUrA",
"links": [
[
"transport",
"transport"
],
[
"directional",
"directional"
],
[
"turn signal",
"turn signal"
],
[
"indicator",
"indicator"
],
[
"blinker",
"blinker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transport, colloquial) directional, turn signal, indicator, blinker"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierunkowskaz"
},
{
"word": "migacz"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"direction, heading, leading"
],
"id": "en-kierunek-pl-noun-cUCbvasp",
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leading",
"leading"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) direction, heading, leading"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierowanie"
},
{
"word": "kierownictwo"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kjɛˈru.nɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-unɛk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "kierunek"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from German",
"Polish terms derived from German",
"Polish terms suffixed with -unek",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Polish/unɛk",
"Rhymes:Polish/unɛk/3 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kierunkowskaz"
},
{
"word": "pod kierunkiem"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kierunkować"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kierować",
"3": "-unek"
},
"expansion": "kierować + -unek",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "borrowed"
},
"expansion": "borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Kehrung",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "German Kehrung",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Kehrung",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from German Kehrung",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1786"
},
"expansion": "1786",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Samuel Bogumił Linde (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1807–1814) “kierunek”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite></span></span>",
"name": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1786",
"ref": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Samuel Bogumił Linde (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1807–1814) “kierunek”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite></span></span>"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1786.",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "czerënk"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian czerënk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-mas",
"2": "kierunek"
},
"expansion": "Masurian kierunek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "kierōnek"
},
"expansion": "Silesian kierōnek",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From kierować + -unek or borrowed from German Kehrung. First attested in 1786. Compare Kashubian czerënk, Masurian kierunek, and Silesian kierōnek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kierunkowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "kierunkowy"
},
"expansion": "kierunek m inan (related adjective kierunkowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kie‧ru‧nek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bezkierunkowy"
},
{
"word": "bezkierunkowo"
},
{
"word": "kierunkowo"
},
{
"word": "bezkierunkowość"
},
{
"word": "kierowca"
},
{
"word": "kierownica"
},
{
"word": "kierunkowość"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kierować"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"direction (point toward which an object or person is moving or facing)"
],
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "strona"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"direction (laid and planned out mode of action for the future associated with a goal)"
],
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "azymut"
},
{
"word": "kurs"
},
{
"word": "linia"
},
{
"word": "tor"
},
{
"word": "wektor"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"direction; school (general trend for future, especially in i.e. literature)"
],
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
],
[
"school",
"school"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "izm"
},
{
"word": "nurt"
},
{
"word": "prąd"
},
{
"word": "szkoła"
},
{
"word": "tendencja"
},
{
"word": "trend"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Education"
],
"glosses": [
"major (chosen field of study)"
],
"links": [
[
"education",
"education"
],
[
"major",
"major"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(education) major (chosen field of study)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"education"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"warzone (area where war takes place)"
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"warzone",
"warzone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) warzone (area where war takes place)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"pl:Transport"
],
"glosses": [
"directional, turn signal, indicator, blinker"
],
"links": [
[
"transport",
"transport"
],
[
"directional",
"directional"
],
[
"turn signal",
"turn signal"
],
[
"indicator",
"indicator"
],
[
"blinker",
"blinker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transport, colloquial) directional, turn signal, indicator, blinker"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierunkowskaz"
},
{
"word": "migacz"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"direction, heading, leading"
],
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leading",
"leading"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) direction, heading, leading"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierowanie"
},
{
"word": "kierownictwo"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kjɛˈru.nɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-unɛk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "kierunek"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.