See kierunek on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Travel",
"orig": "pl:Travel",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kierunkowskaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pod kierunkiem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kierunkować"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kierować",
"3": "-unek"
},
"expansion": "kierować + -unek",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Kehrung",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from German Kehrung",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1786"
},
"expansion": "1786",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1786"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1786",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Samuel Bogumił Linde (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1807–1814) “kierunek”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite></span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "czerënk"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian czerënk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "kierōnek"
},
"expansion": "Silesian kierōnek",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From kierować + -unek or borrowed from German Kehrung. First attested in 1786. Compare Kashubian czerënk and Silesian kierōnek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kierunkowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "kierunkowy"
},
"expansion": "kierunek m inan (related adjective kierunkowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kie‧ru‧nek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bezkierunkowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bezkierunkowo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kierunkowo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bezkierunkowość"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kierowca"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kierownica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kierunkowość"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kierować"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"direction (point toward which an object or person is moving or facing)"
],
"id": "en-kierunek-pl-noun-iilyEx6T",
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "strona"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 13 11 9 23 22 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"direction (laid and planned out mode of action for the future associated with a goal)"
],
"id": "en-kierunek-pl-noun-YZ4hfGjp",
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "azymut"
},
{
"word": "kurs"
},
{
"word": "linia"
},
{
"word": "tor"
},
{
"word": "wektor"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 13 11 9 23 22 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"direction; school (general trend for future, especially in i.e. literature)"
],
"id": "en-kierunek-pl-noun-KjmT36xH",
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
],
[
"school",
"school"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "izm"
},
{
"word": "nurt"
},
{
"word": "prąd"
},
{
"word": "szkoła"
},
{
"word": "tendencja"
},
{
"word": "trend"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "pl:Education",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"major (chosen field of study)"
],
"id": "en-kierunek-pl-noun-GTkFY1tE",
"links": [
[
"education",
"education"
],
[
"major",
"major"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(education) major (chosen field of study)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"education"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "pl:Military",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 13 11 9 23 22 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"warzone (area where war takes place)"
],
"id": "en-kierunek-pl-noun-N7RRY02q",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"warzone",
"warzone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) warzone (area where war takes place)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Transport",
"orig": "pl:Transport",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 21 2 21 20 34 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 21 2 21 20 34 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 18 3 17 15 29 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 13 11 9 23 22 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 18 8 16 14 29 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 19 7 16 15 32 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 5 17 18 28 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -unek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 19 3 18 18 35 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Auto parts",
"orig": "pl:Auto parts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"directional, turn signal, indicator, blinker"
],
"id": "en-kierunek-pl-noun-gVtVHUrA",
"links": [
[
"transport",
"transport"
],
[
"directional",
"directional"
],
[
"turn signal",
"turn signal"
],
[
"indicator",
"indicator"
],
[
"blinker",
"blinker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transport, colloquial) directional, turn signal, indicator, blinker"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierunkowskaz"
},
{
"word": "migacz"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 13 11 9 23 22 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"direction, heading, leading"
],
"id": "en-kierunek-pl-noun-cUCbvasp",
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leading",
"leading"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) direction, heading, leading"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierowanie"
},
{
"word": "kierownictwo"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kjɛˈru.nɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-unɛk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "kierunek"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from German",
"Polish terms derived from German",
"Polish terms suffixed with -unek",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/unɛk",
"Rhymes:Polish/unɛk/3 syllables",
"pl:Auto parts",
"pl:Travel"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kierunkowskaz"
},
{
"word": "pod kierunkiem"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kierunkować"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kierować",
"3": "-unek"
},
"expansion": "kierować + -unek",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Kehrung",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from German Kehrung",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1786"
},
"expansion": "1786",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1786"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1786",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Samuel Bogumił Linde (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1807–1814) “kierunek”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite></span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "czerënk"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian czerënk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "kierōnek"
},
"expansion": "Silesian kierōnek",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From kierować + -unek or borrowed from German Kehrung. First attested in 1786. Compare Kashubian czerënk and Silesian kierōnek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kierunkowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kierunki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "kierunkowy"
},
"expansion": "kierunek m inan (related adjective kierunkowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kie‧ru‧nek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bezkierunkowy"
},
{
"word": "bezkierunkowo"
},
{
"word": "kierunkowo"
},
{
"word": "bezkierunkowość"
},
{
"word": "kierowca"
},
{
"word": "kierownica"
},
{
"word": "kierunkowość"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kierować"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"direction (point toward which an object or person is moving or facing)"
],
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "strona"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"direction (laid and planned out mode of action for the future associated with a goal)"
],
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "azymut"
},
{
"word": "kurs"
},
{
"word": "linia"
},
{
"word": "tor"
},
{
"word": "wektor"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"direction; school (general trend for future, especially in i.e. literature)"
],
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
],
[
"school",
"school"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "izm"
},
{
"word": "nurt"
},
{
"word": "prąd"
},
{
"word": "szkoła"
},
{
"word": "tendencja"
},
{
"word": "trend"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Education"
],
"glosses": [
"major (chosen field of study)"
],
"links": [
[
"education",
"education"
],
[
"major",
"major"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(education) major (chosen field of study)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"education"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"warzone (area where war takes place)"
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"warzone",
"warzone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) warzone (area where war takes place)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"pl:Transport"
],
"glosses": [
"directional, turn signal, indicator, blinker"
],
"links": [
[
"transport",
"transport"
],
[
"directional",
"directional"
],
[
"turn signal",
"turn signal"
],
[
"indicator",
"indicator"
],
[
"blinker",
"blinker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transport, colloquial) directional, turn signal, indicator, blinker"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierunkowskaz"
},
{
"word": "migacz"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"direction, heading, leading"
],
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leading",
"leading"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) direction, heading, leading"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kierowanie"
},
{
"word": "kierownictwo"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kjɛˈru.nɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-unɛk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "kierunek"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kierunek meaning in All languages combined (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.