See iugum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for iugum meaning in Latin (26.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "biiugus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bīga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "*iugaster"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "iugulum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "iugālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "iugārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "iugō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "iugōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "quadriiugis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "quadriiugus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "quadrīga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "trīga"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "giug"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: giug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: giug"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "jug"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: jug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: jug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "zaug"
},
"expansion": "zaug",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "zaug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "giogo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: giogo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: giogo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "giugu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: giugu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: giugu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "jugo"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: jugo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: jugo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "jugu",
"3": "juvu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: jugu, juvu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: jugu, juvu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "zu",
"3": "zof",
"4": "zov"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: zu, zof, zov",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: zu, zof, zov"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "jôf",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: jôf, jôv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: jôf, jôv"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "zôvo"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: zôvo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: zôvo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "zof",
"3": "xof",
"4": "giov"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: zof, xof, giov",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: zof, xof, giov"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "giou",
"3": "gio",
"4": "xof",
"5": "xovo"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: giou, gio, xof, xovo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: giou, gio, xof, xovo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "zof",
"3": "zov",
"4": "zouf"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: zof, zov, zouf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: zof, zov, zouf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "giuf"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: giuf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: giuf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "dóvo",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: dóvo, dógo, dóo, zóo, dhovo, dóf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: dóvo, dógo, dóo, zóo, dhovo, dóf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "jog"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: jog",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: jog"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "jug"
},
"expansion": "Old French: jug",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "jou",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "jou",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "jof",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "jof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: jug, jou, jof"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "joug"
},
"expansion": "French: joug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: joug"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "djeu"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: djeu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: djeu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "chuvo"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: chuvo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: chuvo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "jou",
"3": "jeu"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: jou, jeu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "jova",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "jova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: jou, jeu, jova"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "jo",
"3": "joc"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: jo, joc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: jo, joc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "jun"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: jun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: jun"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "xugu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: xugu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: xugu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "xugo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: xugo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: xugo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "jugo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: jugo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: jugo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "yugo",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: yugo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: yugo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "giú"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: giú",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "giubu",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "giubu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "giuu",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "giuu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "giuvu",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "giuvu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "yuu",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "yuu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: giú, giubu, giuu, giuvu, yuu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "jugum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: jugum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: jugum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "jugo"
},
"expansion": "Esperanto: jugo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Esperanto: jugo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shi",
"2": "tayuga"
},
"expansion": "Tashelhit: tayuga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tashelhit: tayuga"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yewg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*jugom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *jugom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yugóm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yugóm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*yewg-",
"t": "to yoke, harness, join"
},
"expansion": "*yewg- (“to yoke, harness, join”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-ós",
"3": "*-óm"
},
"expansion": "*-óm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "युग"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit युग (yuga)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ζῠγόν"
},
"expansion": "ζῠγόν (zugón)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌾𐌿𐌺"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌺 (juk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iugus",
"3": "",
"4": "belonging together"
},
"expansion": "iugus (“belonging together”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *jugom, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm, from *yewg- (“to yoke, harness, join”) + *-óm. Cognate with Sanskrit युग (yuga), Ancient Greek ζῠγόν (zugón), and Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌺 (juk). Equivalent to a substantivization of the adjective iugus (“belonging together”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "iugī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "iugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iuga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iugōrum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iugō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iugīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iuga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iugō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iugīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "iuga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iugum<2>"
},
"expansion": "iugum n (genitive iugī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iugum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Iugula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "iugulātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "iugulātor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "iugulō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "iugus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "iugātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "iugūmentum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "iugūmentō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "iungō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "land measure",
"word": "versus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "45 BCE, Cicero, De Natura Deorum 2.60.151",
"text": "Nos onera quibusdam bestiis, nos iuga inponimus; […]"
},
{
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.825–826",
"text": "inde premēns stīvam dēsignat moenia sulcō;\nalba iugum niveō cum bove vacca tulit\nFrom there, pressing the plow handle, he marks out the city walls with a furrow; a white cow with a snow-white bull bore the yoke.\n(Romulus uses a plow to mark where the defensive walls of Rome are to be built. The flexibility of Latin word order allows Ovid to join bove vacca – ‘‘bull cow’’ – side-by-side, just as the two animals themselves would have been yoked for plowing.)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a yoke (for oxen or cattle) or collar (for a horse)"
],
"id": "en-iugum-la-noun-ZS~lPX2D",
"links": [
[
"yoke",
"yoke"
],
[
"ox",
"ox"
],
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"collar",
"collar"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
]
],
"qualifier": "literal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literal) a yoke (for oxen or cattle) or collar (for a horse)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "As to his addition of three donkeys to haul manure and one for the mill; for a vineyard of 100 jugera, a yoke of oxen, a pair of donkeys, and one for the mill; […]",
"ref": "21 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, De Re Rustica 1.19.3",
"text": "Quod addit asinos, qui stercus vectent, treis, asinum molarium; in vinea iugerum iugum boum, asinorum iugum, asinum molarium; […]"
},
{
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 10.594",
"text": "Lucage, nulla tuos currus fuga segnis equorum prodidit aut uanae uertere ex hostibus umbrae: ipse rotis saliens iuga deseris."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a yoke, pair, team of draft oxen; a pair of horses; a chariot"
],
"id": "en-iugum-la-noun-Xgeu-oWt",
"links": [
[
"yoke",
"yoke"
],
[
"pair",
"pair"
],
[
"team",
"team"
],
[
"draft",
"draft"
],
[
"ox",
"ox"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"chariot",
"chariot"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a yoke, pair, team of draft oxen; a pair of horses; a chariot"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 10.5.16",
"text": "ex eo notatum, non fere legionis umquam hiberna esse castra ubi aquilarum non sit iugum."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a yoke, pair, team of draft oxen; a pair of horses; a chariot",
"a pair of anything"
],
"id": "en-iugum-la-noun-cx34oIGv",
"links": [
[
"yoke",
"yoke"
],
[
"pair",
"pair"
],
[
"team",
"team"
],
[
"draft",
"draft"
],
[
"ox",
"ox"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"chariot",
"chariot"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a yoke, pair, team of draft oxen; a pair of horses; a chariot",
"a pair of anything"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 7 1 2 2 15 14 14 16 2 14 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 2 3 3 11 16 10 17 3 21 3 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "la:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 2 4 4 11 21 10 10 3 21 8 1",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "la:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Each country has its own method of measuring land. Thus in farther Spain the unit of measure is the iugum, in Campania the versus, with us here in the district of Rome and in Latium the iugerum. The iugum is the amount of land which a yoke of oxen can plough in a day.)",
"ref": "1st c. BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Rerum rusticarum libri III 1.10",
"text": "Ille, Modos, quibus metirentur rura, alius alios constituit. Nam in Hispania ulteriore metiuntur iugis, in Campania versibus, apud nos in agro Romano ac Latino iugeris. Iugum vocant, quod iuncti boves uno die exarare possint."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a juger of land"
],
"id": "en-iugum-la-noun-E3pWrxYS",
"links": [
[
"juger",
"juger"
],
[
"land",
"land"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a juger of land"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "iūgerum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 7 1 2 2 15 14 14 16 2 14 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 6 4 18 8 11 13 13 7 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 2 3 3 11 16 10 17 3 21 3 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "la:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 2 4 4 11 21 13 14 4 12 6 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Carriages",
"orig": "la:Carriages",
"parents": [
"Vehicles",
"Machines",
"Transport",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 2 4 4 10 18 15 15 4 10 9 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "la:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 7 7 3 16 6 17 6 19 5 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "la:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 2 4 4 7 21 8 20 4 13 3 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Weaving",
"orig": "la:Weaving",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 2 4 4 11 21 10 10 3 21 8 1",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "la:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in Kent, a yoke of land, quarter sulung"
],
"id": "en-iugum-la-noun-8iJ019Jp",
"links": [
[
"yoke",
"yoke"
],
[
"sulung",
"sulung"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"in Kent, a yoke of land, quarter sulung"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Architecture",
"orig": "la:Architecture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 1 2 2 15 14 14 16 2 14 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 2 3 3 11 16 10 17 3 21 3 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "la:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 2 4 4 10 18 15 15 4 10 9 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "la:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 17.35.175",
"text": "Tertius vineae annus palmitem velocem robustumque emittit et quem faciat aetas vitem. hic in iugum insilit."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a horizontal beam or rail fastened perpendicular to a post or pole; a crossbeam, crossrail"
],
"id": "en-iugum-la-noun-JSPrIFk7",
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"horizontal",
"horizontal"
],
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"rail",
"rail"
],
[
"fasten",
"fasten"
],
[
"perpendicular",
"perpendicular"
],
[
"post",
"post"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
],
[
"crossbeam",
"crossbeam"
],
[
"crossrail",
"crossrail"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(architecture) a horizontal beam or rail fastened perpendicular to a post or pole; a crossbeam, crossrail"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Architecture",
"orig": "la:Architecture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 1 2 2 15 14 14 16 2 14 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 2 3 3 11 16 10 17 3 21 3 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "la:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 2 4 4 10 18 15 15 4 10 9 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "la:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 7 7 3 16 6 17 6 19 5 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "la:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 2 4 4 7 21 8 20 4 13 3 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Weaving",
"orig": "la:Weaving",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 6.55",
"text": "[…]: tela iugo vincta est, stamen secernit harundo, […]"
},
{
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 6.411",
"text": "inde alias animas, quae per iuga longa sedebant, deturbat laxatque foros; simul accipit alueo ingentem Aenean."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a horizontal beam or rail fastened perpendicular to a post or pole; a crossbeam, crossrail",
"any of various types of horizontal structural member: the beam which united the upright posts of a loom, the crossbar of a lyre, the crossrail of a trellis, the thwart or cross-bench of a boat (the rower's bench)"
],
"id": "en-iugum-la-noun-ThdZHPwc",
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"horizontal",
"horizontal"
],
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"rail",
"rail"
],
[
"fasten",
"fasten"
],
[
"perpendicular",
"perpendicular"
],
[
"post",
"post"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
],
[
"crossbeam",
"crossbeam"
],
[
"crossrail",
"crossrail"
],
[
"structural",
"structural"
],
[
"member",
"member"
],
[
"upright",
"upright"
],
[
"loom",
"loom"
],
[
"crossbar",
"crossbar"
],
[
"lyre",
"lyre"
],
[
"trellis",
"trellis"
],
[
"thwart",
"thwart"
],
[
"cross-bench",
"cross-bench"
],
[
"boat",
"boat"
],
[
"rower",
"rower#English"
],
[
"bench",
"bench#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(architecture) a horizontal beam or rail fastened perpendicular to a post or pole; a crossbeam, crossrail",
"any of various types of horizontal structural member: the beam which united the upright posts of a loom, the crossbar of a lyre, the crossrail of a trellis, the thwart or cross-bench of a boat (the rower's bench)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a makeshift archway of three spears under which a vanquished enemy was made to pass in humiliation"
],
"id": "en-iugum-la-noun-cXgtYRzr",
"links": [
[
"makeshift",
"makeshift"
],
[
"archway",
"archway"
],
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"vanquish",
"vanquish"
],
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
],
[
"humiliation",
"humiliation"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a makeshift archway of three spears under which a vanquished enemy was made to pass in humiliation"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin metonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Constellations",
"orig": "la:Constellations",
"parents": [
"Astronomy",
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 1 2 2 15 14 14 16 2 14 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 2 3 3 11 16 10 17 3 21 3 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "la:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 2 4 4 10 18 15 15 4 10 9 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "la:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 7 7 3 16 6 17 6 19 5 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "la:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 6 1 2 2 13 12 8 10 2 33 2 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "la:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 2 4 4 7 21 8 20 4 13 3 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Weaving",
"orig": "la:Weaving",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 2 4 4 11 21 10 10 3 21 8 1",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "la:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "45 BCE, Cicero, De divinatione 2.47.98",
"text": "L. quidem Tarutius Firmanus, familiaris noster, in primis Chaldaeicis rationibus eruditus, urbis etiam nostrae natalem diem repetebat ab iis Pardibus, quibus eam a Romulo conditam accepimus, Romamque, in iugo cum esset Luna, natam esse dicebat, nec eius fata canere dubitabat."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a scalebeam; (metonymically) a pair of scales; (astronomy) the Libra"
],
"id": "en-iugum-la-noun-Spo-bsJK",
"links": [
[
"scalebeam",
"scalebeam"
],
[
"scales",
"scales"
],
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"Libra",
"Libra"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a scalebeam; (metonymically) a pair of scales; (astronomy) the Libra"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bilanx"
},
{
"word": "lībra"
},
{
"word": "statēra"
},
{
"word": "trutina"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The ridge of this mountain range then bends in an arch and almost reaches the middle part of the Adriatic coast, while, completing the arch, it ends up touching the Strait (of Messina).",
"ref": "c. 15 BCE, Vitruvius, De architectura 2.10.1",
"text": "Eius vero montis iugum se circumagens et media curvatura prope tangens oras maris Hadriani pertingit circumitionibus contra fretum."
}
],
"glosses": [
"the summit or ridge of a mountain; a chain or range of mountains"
],
"id": "en-iugum-la-noun-of5xIB7m",
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"ridge",
"ridge"
],
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
],
[
"range",
"range"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"the summit or ridge of a mountain; a chain or range of mountains"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 190 BCE, Plautus, Curculio 1.1.50",
"text": "Iamne ea fert iugum?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the bond (of slavery, matrimony, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-iugum-la-noun-G1cpUvt8",
"links": [
[
"bond",
"bond"
],
[
"slavery",
"slavery"
],
[
"matrimony",
"matrimony"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) the bond (of slavery, matrimony, etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈi̯u.ɡum/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈi̯ʊɡʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈju.ɡum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈjuːɡum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "jugum"
}
],
"word": "iugum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "iugum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of iugus:",
"accusative masculine singular"
],
"id": "en-iugum-la-adj-S-gaWlmF",
"links": [
[
"iugus",
"iugus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of iugus:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular"
],
"id": "en-iugum-la-adj-KFetSyaa",
"links": [
[
"iugus",
"iugus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈi̯u.ɡum/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈi̯ʊɡʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈju.ɡum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈjuːɡum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "jugum"
}
],
"word": "iugum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *yewg-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"la:Agriculture",
"la:Carriages",
"la:Landforms",
"la:Ship parts",
"la:Tools",
"la:Units of measure",
"la:Weaving"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "biiugus"
},
{
"word": "bīga"
},
{
"word": "*iugaster"
},
{
"word": "iugulum"
},
{
"word": "iugālis"
},
{
"word": "iugārius"
},
{
"word": "iugō"
},
{
"word": "iugōsus"
},
{
"word": "quadriiugis"
},
{
"word": "quadriiugus"
},
{
"word": "quadrīga"
},
{
"word": "trīga"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "giug"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: giug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: giug"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "jug"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: jug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: jug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "zaug"
},
"expansion": "zaug",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "zaug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "giogo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: giogo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: giogo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "giugu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: giugu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: giugu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "jugo"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: jugo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: jugo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "jugu",
"3": "juvu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: jugu, juvu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: jugu, juvu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "zu",
"3": "zof",
"4": "zov"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: zu, zof, zov",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: zu, zof, zov"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "jôf",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: jôf, jôv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: jôf, jôv"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "zôvo"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: zôvo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: zôvo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "zof",
"3": "xof",
"4": "giov"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: zof, xof, giov",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: zof, xof, giov"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "giou",
"3": "gio",
"4": "xof",
"5": "xovo"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: giou, gio, xof, xovo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: giou, gio, xof, xovo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "zof",
"3": "zov",
"4": "zouf"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: zof, zov, zouf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: zof, zov, zouf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "giuf"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: giuf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: giuf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "dóvo",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: dóvo, dógo, dóo, zóo, dhovo, dóf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: dóvo, dógo, dóo, zóo, dhovo, dóf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "jog"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: jog",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: jog"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "jug"
},
"expansion": "Old French: jug",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "jou",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "jou",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "jof",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "jof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: jug, jou, jof"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "joug"
},
"expansion": "French: joug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: joug"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "djeu"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: djeu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: djeu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "chuvo"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: chuvo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: chuvo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "jou",
"3": "jeu"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: jou, jeu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "jova",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "jova",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: jou, jeu, jova"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "jo",
"3": "joc"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: jo, joc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: jo, joc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "jun"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: jun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: jun"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "xugu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: xugu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: xugu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "xugo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: xugo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: xugo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "jugo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: jugo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: jugo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "yugo",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: yugo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: yugo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "giú"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: giú",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "giubu",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "giubu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "giuu",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "giuu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "giuvu",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "giuvu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "yuu",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "yuu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: giú, giubu, giuu, giuvu, yuu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "jugum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: jugum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: jugum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "jugo"
},
"expansion": "Esperanto: jugo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Esperanto: jugo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shi",
"2": "tayuga"
},
"expansion": "Tashelhit: tayuga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tashelhit: tayuga"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yewg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*jugom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *jugom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yugóm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yugóm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*yewg-",
"t": "to yoke, harness, join"
},
"expansion": "*yewg- (“to yoke, harness, join”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-ós",
"3": "*-óm"
},
"expansion": "*-óm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "युग"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit युग (yuga)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ζῠγόν"
},
"expansion": "ζῠγόν (zugón)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌾𐌿𐌺"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌺 (juk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iugus",
"3": "",
"4": "belonging together"
},
"expansion": "iugus (“belonging together”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *jugom, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm, from *yewg- (“to yoke, harness, join”) + *-óm. Cognate with Sanskrit युग (yuga), Ancient Greek ζῠγόν (zugón), and Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌺 (juk). Equivalent to a substantivization of the adjective iugus (“belonging together”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "iugī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "iugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iuga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iugōrum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iugō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iugīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iuga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iugō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iugīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "iugum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "iuga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iugum<2>"
},
"expansion": "iugum n (genitive iugī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iugum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Iugula"
},
{
"word": "iugulātiō"
},
{
"word": "iugulātor"
},
{
"word": "iugulō"
},
{
"word": "iugus"
},
{
"word": "iugātiō"
},
{
"word": "iugūmentum"
},
{
"word": "iugūmentō"
},
{
"word": "iungō"
},
{
"english": "land measure",
"word": "versus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "45 BCE, Cicero, De Natura Deorum 2.60.151",
"text": "Nos onera quibusdam bestiis, nos iuga inponimus; […]"
},
{
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.825–826",
"text": "inde premēns stīvam dēsignat moenia sulcō;\nalba iugum niveō cum bove vacca tulit\nFrom there, pressing the plow handle, he marks out the city walls with a furrow; a white cow with a snow-white bull bore the yoke.\n(Romulus uses a plow to mark where the defensive walls of Rome are to be built. The flexibility of Latin word order allows Ovid to join bove vacca – ‘‘bull cow’’ – side-by-side, just as the two animals themselves would have been yoked for plowing.)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a yoke (for oxen or cattle) or collar (for a horse)"
],
"links": [
[
"yoke",
"yoke"
],
[
"ox",
"ox"
],
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"collar",
"collar"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
]
],
"qualifier": "literal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literal) a yoke (for oxen or cattle) or collar (for a horse)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "As to his addition of three donkeys to haul manure and one for the mill; for a vineyard of 100 jugera, a yoke of oxen, a pair of donkeys, and one for the mill; […]",
"ref": "21 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, De Re Rustica 1.19.3",
"text": "Quod addit asinos, qui stercus vectent, treis, asinum molarium; in vinea iugerum iugum boum, asinorum iugum, asinum molarium; […]"
},
{
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 10.594",
"text": "Lucage, nulla tuos currus fuga segnis equorum prodidit aut uanae uertere ex hostibus umbrae: ipse rotis saliens iuga deseris."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a yoke, pair, team of draft oxen; a pair of horses; a chariot"
],
"links": [
[
"yoke",
"yoke"
],
[
"pair",
"pair"
],
[
"team",
"team"
],
[
"draft",
"draft"
],
[
"ox",
"ox"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"chariot",
"chariot"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a yoke, pair, team of draft oxen; a pair of horses; a chariot"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 10.5.16",
"text": "ex eo notatum, non fere legionis umquam hiberna esse castra ubi aquilarum non sit iugum."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a yoke, pair, team of draft oxen; a pair of horses; a chariot",
"a pair of anything"
],
"links": [
[
"yoke",
"yoke"
],
[
"pair",
"pair"
],
[
"team",
"team"
],
[
"draft",
"draft"
],
[
"ox",
"ox"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"chariot",
"chariot"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a yoke, pair, team of draft oxen; a pair of horses; a chariot",
"a pair of anything"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Each country has its own method of measuring land. Thus in farther Spain the unit of measure is the iugum, in Campania the versus, with us here in the district of Rome and in Latium the iugerum. The iugum is the amount of land which a yoke of oxen can plough in a day.)",
"ref": "1st c. BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Rerum rusticarum libri III 1.10",
"text": "Ille, Modos, quibus metirentur rura, alius alios constituit. Nam in Hispania ulteriore metiuntur iugis, in Campania versibus, apud nos in agro Romano ac Latino iugeris. Iugum vocant, quod iuncti boves uno die exarare possint."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a juger of land"
],
"links": [
[
"juger",
"juger"
],
[
"land",
"land"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a juger of land"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "iūgerum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"in Kent, a yoke of land, quarter sulung"
],
"links": [
[
"yoke",
"yoke"
],
[
"sulung",
"sulung"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"in Kent, a yoke of land, quarter sulung"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations",
"la:Architecture"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 17.35.175",
"text": "Tertius vineae annus palmitem velocem robustumque emittit et quem faciat aetas vitem. hic in iugum insilit."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a horizontal beam or rail fastened perpendicular to a post or pole; a crossbeam, crossrail"
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"horizontal",
"horizontal"
],
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"rail",
"rail"
],
[
"fasten",
"fasten"
],
[
"perpendicular",
"perpendicular"
],
[
"post",
"post"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
],
[
"crossbeam",
"crossbeam"
],
[
"crossrail",
"crossrail"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(architecture) a horizontal beam or rail fastened perpendicular to a post or pole; a crossbeam, crossrail"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations",
"la:Architecture"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 6.55",
"text": "[…]: tela iugo vincta est, stamen secernit harundo, […]"
},
{
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 6.411",
"text": "inde alias animas, quae per iuga longa sedebant, deturbat laxatque foros; simul accipit alueo ingentem Aenean."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a horizontal beam or rail fastened perpendicular to a post or pole; a crossbeam, crossrail",
"any of various types of horizontal structural member: the beam which united the upright posts of a loom, the crossbar of a lyre, the crossrail of a trellis, the thwart or cross-bench of a boat (the rower's bench)"
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"horizontal",
"horizontal"
],
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"rail",
"rail"
],
[
"fasten",
"fasten"
],
[
"perpendicular",
"perpendicular"
],
[
"post",
"post"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
],
[
"crossbeam",
"crossbeam"
],
[
"crossrail",
"crossrail"
],
[
"structural",
"structural"
],
[
"member",
"member"
],
[
"upright",
"upright"
],
[
"loom",
"loom"
],
[
"crossbar",
"crossbar"
],
[
"lyre",
"lyre"
],
[
"trellis",
"trellis"
],
[
"thwart",
"thwart"
],
[
"cross-bench",
"cross-bench"
],
[
"boat",
"boat"
],
[
"rower",
"rower#English"
],
[
"bench",
"bench#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(architecture) a horizontal beam or rail fastened perpendicular to a post or pole; a crossbeam, crossrail",
"any of various types of horizontal structural member: the beam which united the upright posts of a loom, the crossbar of a lyre, the crossrail of a trellis, the thwart or cross-bench of a boat (the rower's bench)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a makeshift archway of three spears under which a vanquished enemy was made to pass in humiliation"
],
"links": [
[
"makeshift",
"makeshift"
],
[
"archway",
"archway"
],
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"vanquish",
"vanquish"
],
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
],
[
"humiliation",
"humiliation"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a makeshift archway of three spears under which a vanquished enemy was made to pass in humiliation"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin metonyms",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations",
"la:Constellations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "45 BCE, Cicero, De divinatione 2.47.98",
"text": "L. quidem Tarutius Firmanus, familiaris noster, in primis Chaldaeicis rationibus eruditus, urbis etiam nostrae natalem diem repetebat ab iis Pardibus, quibus eam a Romulo conditam accepimus, Romamque, in iugo cum esset Luna, natam esse dicebat, nec eius fata canere dubitabat."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a scalebeam; (metonymically) a pair of scales; (astronomy) the Libra"
],
"links": [
[
"scalebeam",
"scalebeam"
],
[
"scales",
"scales"
],
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"Libra",
"Libra"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"a scalebeam; (metonymically) a pair of scales; (astronomy) the Libra"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bilanx"
},
{
"word": "lībra"
},
{
"word": "statēra"
},
{
"word": "trutina"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The ridge of this mountain range then bends in an arch and almost reaches the middle part of the Adriatic coast, while, completing the arch, it ends up touching the Strait (of Messina).",
"ref": "c. 15 BCE, Vitruvius, De architectura 2.10.1",
"text": "Eius vero montis iugum se circumagens et media curvatura prope tangens oras maris Hadriani pertingit circumitionibus contra fretum."
}
],
"glosses": [
"the summit or ridge of a mountain; a chain or range of mountains"
],
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"ridge",
"ridge"
],
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
],
[
"chain",
"chain"
],
[
"range",
"range"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"the summit or ridge of a mountain; a chain or range of mountains"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 190 BCE, Plautus, Curculio 1.1.50",
"text": "Iamne ea fert iugum?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the bond (of slavery, matrimony, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"bond",
"bond"
],
[
"slavery",
"slavery"
],
[
"matrimony",
"matrimony"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) the bond (of slavery, matrimony, etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈi̯u.ɡum/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈi̯ʊɡʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈju.ɡum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈjuːɡum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "jugum"
}
],
"word": "iugum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"la:Agriculture",
"la:Carriages",
"la:Landforms",
"la:Ship parts",
"la:Tools",
"la:Units of measure",
"la:Weaving"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "iugum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of iugus:",
"accusative masculine singular"
],
"links": [
[
"iugus",
"iugus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of iugus:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular"
],
"links": [
[
"iugus",
"iugus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈi̯u.ɡum/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈi̯ʊɡʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈju.ɡum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈjuːɡum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "jugum"
}
],
"word": "iugum"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.