See fraus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fraudātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fraudātor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fraudātōrius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fraudō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fraudulenter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fraudulentia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fraudulentus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fraudulōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "frūstrā"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "frode"
},
"expansion": "Italian: frode",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: frode"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "frau",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: frau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: frau"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fraude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: fraude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fraude"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: fraude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fraude"
},
"expansion": "French: fraude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "fraude"
},
"expansion": "Norman: fraude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "fraude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Dutch: fraude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Dutch: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fraude"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: fraude\n→ Indonesian: fraude",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: fraude\n→ Indonesian: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fraude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: fraude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fraud"
},
"expansion": "English: fraud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: fraud"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "fraude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: fraude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fraudă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: fraudă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: fraudă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "fraude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: fraude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "fraŭdo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: fraŭdo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: fraŭdo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "fraudo"
},
"expansion": "Ido: fraudo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ido: fraudo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"t": "to deceive, mislead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, mislead”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ध्रुति",
"t": "deception"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ध्रुति (dhruti, “deception”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬛𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝",
"t": "will deceive"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝 (drāuuaiiāt̰, “will deceive”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*draumaz",
"t": "dream"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *draumaz (“dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰrew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrew-",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, mislead”), with an uncertain phonetic development. However see also Sanskrit ध्रुति (dhruti, “deception”), द्रुह्यति (druhyati, “to deceive”) and Younger Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝 (drāuuaiiāt̰, “will deceive”), which (along with perhaps Proto-Germanic *draumaz (“dream”)) point to Proto-Indo-European *dʰrew-, which would have been extended as *dʰrew-d⁽ʰ⁾- at some point before Latin and also as *dʰrew-gʰ- in PIE times.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fraudis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fraus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fraude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fraus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fraus/fraud<3>",
"g": "f",
"gen_pl": "fraudum\nfraudium"
},
"expansion": "fraus f (genitive fraudis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fraus/fraud<3>",
"gen_pl": "fraudum\nfraudium"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 24 29 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 4 51 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.675",
"text": "“Mē fraude petēbās?”\n(Literally) “[So, it’s] me [who] you are aiming at with [your] deceit?”\n(The emphatic position of “me” conveys Anna’s emotional response to Dido’s impending death. Translations – Mackail, 1885: “Was my summons a snare?”; Knight, 1956: “You planned to deceive me!”; Mandelbaum, 1971: “Did you plan this fraud for me?”; West, 1990: “It was all to deceive your sister!”; Ahl, 2007: “Your fraud had me as its target?”; Bartsch, 2020: “You wanted to trick me?”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cheating, deceit, deception, fraud, guile, stratagem, trick, treachery, wiles"
],
"id": "en-fraus-la-noun-VAiJs6c7",
"links": [
[
"cheating",
"cheating"
],
[
"deceit",
"deceit"
],
[
"deception",
"deception"
],
[
"fraud",
"fraud"
],
[
"guile",
"guile"
],
[
"stratagem",
"stratagem"
],
[
"trick",
"trick"
],
[
"treachery",
"treachery"
],
[
"wiles",
"wiles"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dēceptiō"
},
{
"word": "maleficium"
},
{
"word": "perfidia"
},
{
"word": "dolus"
},
{
"word": "stratēgēma"
},
{
"word": "ars"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 24 29 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"delusion, error"
],
"id": "en-fraus-la-noun-b3pfKgNG",
"links": [
[
"delusion",
"delusion"
],
[
"error",
"error"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 1 55 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 24 29 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 4 51 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 2 53 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"injury, hurt, harm"
],
"id": "en-fraus-la-noun--CXtzB1y",
"links": [
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "damnum"
},
{
"word": "dētrīmentum"
},
{
"word": "incommoditās"
},
{
"word": "calamitās"
},
{
"word": "pauperiēs"
},
{
"word": "maleficium"
},
{
"word": "iniūria"
},
{
"word": "noxa"
},
{
"word": "vulnus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 24 29 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad or ill intent"
],
"id": "en-fraus-la-noun-XyUC6TJe",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"ill",
"ill"
],
[
"intent",
"intent"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfrau̯s/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfräu̯s̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfrau̯s/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfräu̯s]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "fraus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fraudātiō"
},
{
"word": "fraudātor"
},
{
"word": "fraudātōrius"
},
{
"word": "fraudō"
},
{
"word": "fraudulenter"
},
{
"word": "fraudulentia"
},
{
"word": "fraudulentus"
},
{
"word": "fraudulōsus"
},
{
"word": "frūstrā"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "frode"
},
"expansion": "Italian: frode",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: frode"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "frau",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: frau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: frau"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fraude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: fraude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fraude"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: fraude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fraude"
},
"expansion": "French: fraude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "fraude"
},
"expansion": "Norman: fraude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "fraude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Dutch: fraude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Dutch: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fraude"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: fraude\n→ Indonesian: fraude",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: fraude\n→ Indonesian: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fraude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: fraude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fraud"
},
"expansion": "English: fraud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: fraud"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "fraude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: fraude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fraudă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: fraudă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: fraudă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "fraude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: fraude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: fraude"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "fraŭdo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: fraŭdo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: fraŭdo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "fraudo"
},
"expansion": "Ido: fraudo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ido: fraudo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"t": "to deceive, mislead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, mislead”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ध्रुति",
"t": "deception"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ध्रुति (dhruti, “deception”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬛𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝",
"t": "will deceive"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝 (drāuuaiiāt̰, “will deceive”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*draumaz",
"t": "dream"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *draumaz (“dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰrew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrew-",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, mislead”), with an uncertain phonetic development. However see also Sanskrit ध्रुति (dhruti, “deception”), द्रुह्यति (druhyati, “to deceive”) and Younger Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝 (drāuuaiiāt̰, “will deceive”), which (along with perhaps Proto-Germanic *draumaz (“dream”)) point to Proto-Indo-European *dʰrew-, which would have been extended as *dʰrew-d⁽ʰ⁾- at some point before Latin and also as *dʰrew-gʰ- in PIE times.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fraudis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fraus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fraude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fraus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fraudēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fraus/fraud<3>",
"g": "f",
"gen_pl": "fraudum\nfraudium"
},
"expansion": "fraus f (genitive fraudis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fraus/fraud<3>",
"gen_pl": "fraudum\nfraudium"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.675",
"text": "“Mē fraude petēbās?”\n(Literally) “[So, it’s] me [who] you are aiming at with [your] deceit?”\n(The emphatic position of “me” conveys Anna’s emotional response to Dido’s impending death. Translations – Mackail, 1885: “Was my summons a snare?”; Knight, 1956: “You planned to deceive me!”; Mandelbaum, 1971: “Did you plan this fraud for me?”; West, 1990: “It was all to deceive your sister!”; Ahl, 2007: “Your fraud had me as its target?”; Bartsch, 2020: “You wanted to trick me?”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cheating, deceit, deception, fraud, guile, stratagem, trick, treachery, wiles"
],
"links": [
[
"cheating",
"cheating"
],
[
"deceit",
"deceit"
],
[
"deception",
"deception"
],
[
"fraud",
"fraud"
],
[
"guile",
"guile"
],
[
"stratagem",
"stratagem"
],
[
"trick",
"trick"
],
[
"treachery",
"treachery"
],
[
"wiles",
"wiles"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dēceptiō"
},
{
"word": "maleficium"
},
{
"word": "perfidia"
},
{
"word": "dolus"
},
{
"word": "stratēgēma"
},
{
"word": "ars"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"delusion, error"
],
"links": [
[
"delusion",
"delusion"
],
[
"error",
"error"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"injury, hurt, harm"
],
"links": [
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "damnum"
},
{
"word": "dētrīmentum"
},
{
"word": "incommoditās"
},
{
"word": "calamitās"
},
{
"word": "pauperiēs"
},
{
"word": "maleficium"
},
{
"word": "iniūria"
},
{
"word": "noxa"
},
{
"word": "vulnus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad or ill intent"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"ill",
"ill"
],
[
"intent",
"intent"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfrau̯s/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfräu̯s̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfrau̯s/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfräu̯s]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "fraus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fraus meaning in Latin (8.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.