See duellum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "?proelium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "duellātor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "duellis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "duellō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Duellōna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "perduellis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duel"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duel"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duelo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "duelʹ",
"word": "дуэль"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "duel"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "duel"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "duelo"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Duell"
},
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duelo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duelo"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "duello"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duell"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "duel"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "duelo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "duel"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "duelo"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duell"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δαίω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δαίω (daíō)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Pokorny connected the word to terms such as Ancient Greek δαίω (daíō), which is now often derived from *deh₂w- (“to burn”). De Vaan, a more modern author, instead favors Pinault 1987's proposal of a derivation from *dwenelos, a diminutive of *dwenos, itself an earlier form of bonus (“good, brave”). Perhaps the sense of \"brave\" allowed for the term to become a euphemism for wartime deeds, itself facilitating an eventual generalization to the overall concept of war.\nUnusually, the initial dw of duellum changed to b in bellum. The expected development would have been *dwe- to *bo- (Compare duenos and bonus). The irregular outcome could be explained due to the effect of l exilis, though de Vaan notes that such an explanation is somewhat contradicted by the form Duelona. However, de Vaan also suggests that Duelona could be explained as a later development modeled after duellum.\nThe archaic form duellum survived in poetry. In Medieval Latin, the sense shifted to a combat between, specifically, two contenders, under the influence of the (non-cognate) word duo (“two”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duellī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "duellum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duella",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duellī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duellōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duellō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duellīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duellum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duella",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duellō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duellīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duellum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "duella",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "duellī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "duellum<2>"
},
"expansion": "duellum n (genitive duellī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "duellum<2>",
"footnote": "The locative form duellī occurred as an archaic alternative to <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">bellī</i> with the same sense of \"at war\", \"in wartime\"; this form is found in the works of Plautus.",
"loc_pl": "-",
"loc_sg": "duellī"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bellum"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Translation by Henry Thomas Riley\nFare ye well, at home, most upright judges, and in warfare most valiant combatants.",
"ref": "c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi prologus.0.67–68, (iambic senarius)",
"text": "Abeo. Valete, iudices iustissimi / domi duellique duellatores optumi.",
"translation": "Translation by Henry Thomas Riley\nFare ye well, at home, most upright judges, and in warfare most valiant combatants.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Victorious, the enemy vanquished, our legions are returning home,\nwith a mighty war brought to an end and all the enemy slain.",
"ref": "c. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Amphitryon 1.1.188–189, (iambic octonarius)",
"roman": "duello exstincto maximo atque internecatis hostibus.",
"text": "Victores victis hostibus legiones reveniunt domum,",
"translation": "Victorious, the enemy vanquished, our legions are returning home,\nwith a mighty war brought to an end and all the enemy slain.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"war"
],
"id": "en-duellum-la-noun-otjapCgb",
"links": [
[
"war",
"war"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic, Old Latin) war"
],
"tags": [
"Old-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"english": "Death and life have contended in a marvelous combat (from the Easter Sequence)",
"text": "Mors et vita duello conflixere mirando",
"translation": "Death and life have contended in a marvelous combat (from the Easter Sequence)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"combat between two contenders, duel"
],
"id": "en-duellum-la-noun-NcXRxFYa",
"links": [
[
"combat",
"combat"
],
[
"contender",
"contender"
],
[
"duel",
"duel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) combat between two contenders, duel"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "certamen"
},
{
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"word": "certatus"
},
{
"word": "dimicatio"
}
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[duˈɛl.lũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[duˈɛl.lum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"other": "/dw/"
},
{
"other": "/du/"
},
{
"other": "/du/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bellum"
}
],
"word": "duellum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin links with redundant target parameters",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "?proelium"
},
{
"word": "duellātor"
},
{
"word": "duellis"
},
{
"word": "duellō"
},
{
"word": "Duellōna"
},
{
"word": "perduellis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duel"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duel"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duelo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "duelʹ",
"word": "дуэль"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "duel"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duel"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "duel"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "duelo"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Duell"
},
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duelo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duelo"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "duello"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duell"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "duel"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "duelo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "duel"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "duelo"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "duell"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δαίω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δαίω (daíō)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Pokorny connected the word to terms such as Ancient Greek δαίω (daíō), which is now often derived from *deh₂w- (“to burn”). De Vaan, a more modern author, instead favors Pinault 1987's proposal of a derivation from *dwenelos, a diminutive of *dwenos, itself an earlier form of bonus (“good, brave”). Perhaps the sense of \"brave\" allowed for the term to become a euphemism for wartime deeds, itself facilitating an eventual generalization to the overall concept of war.\nUnusually, the initial dw of duellum changed to b in bellum. The expected development would have been *dwe- to *bo- (Compare duenos and bonus). The irregular outcome could be explained due to the effect of l exilis, though de Vaan notes that such an explanation is somewhat contradicted by the form Duelona. However, de Vaan also suggests that Duelona could be explained as a later development modeled after duellum.\nThe archaic form duellum survived in poetry. In Medieval Latin, the sense shifted to a combat between, specifically, two contenders, under the influence of the (non-cognate) word duo (“two”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duellī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "duellum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duella",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duellī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duellōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duellō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duellīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duellum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duella",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duellō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duellīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duellum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "duella",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "duellī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "duellum<2>"
},
"expansion": "duellum n (genitive duellī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "duellum<2>",
"footnote": "The locative form duellī occurred as an archaic alternative to <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">bellī</i> with the same sense of \"at war\", \"in wartime\"; this form is found in the works of Plautus.",
"loc_pl": "-",
"loc_sg": "duellī"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bellum"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin poetic terms",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Old Latin lemmas"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Translation by Henry Thomas Riley\nFare ye well, at home, most upright judges, and in warfare most valiant combatants.",
"ref": "c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi prologus.0.67–68, (iambic senarius)",
"text": "Abeo. Valete, iudices iustissimi / domi duellique duellatores optumi.",
"translation": "Translation by Henry Thomas Riley\nFare ye well, at home, most upright judges, and in warfare most valiant combatants.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Victorious, the enemy vanquished, our legions are returning home,\nwith a mighty war brought to an end and all the enemy slain.",
"ref": "c. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Amphitryon 1.1.188–189, (iambic octonarius)",
"roman": "duello exstincto maximo atque internecatis hostibus.",
"text": "Victores victis hostibus legiones reveniunt domum,",
"translation": "Victorious, the enemy vanquished, our legions are returning home,\nwith a mighty war brought to an end and all the enemy slain.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"war"
],
"links": [
[
"war",
"war"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic, Old Latin) war"
],
"tags": [
"Old-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples",
"Medieval Latin"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"english": "Death and life have contended in a marvelous combat (from the Easter Sequence)",
"text": "Mors et vita duello conflixere mirando",
"translation": "Death and life have contended in a marvelous combat (from the Easter Sequence)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"combat between two contenders, duel"
],
"links": [
[
"combat",
"combat"
],
[
"contender",
"contender"
],
[
"duel",
"duel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) combat between two contenders, duel"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "certamen"
},
{
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"word": "certatus"
},
{
"word": "dimicatio"
}
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[duˈɛl.lũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[duˈɛl.lum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"other": "/dw/"
},
{
"other": "/du/"
},
{
"other": "/du/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bellum"
}
],
"word": "duellum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for duellum meaning in Latin (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-14 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.