See certatus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_text": "Perfect passive participle of certō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "certātus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus",
"links": [
[
"certātus",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātī",
"links": [
[
"certātī",
"certati#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātae",
"links": [
[
"certātae",
"certatae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātī",
"links": [
[
"certātī",
"certati#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātae",
"links": [
[
"certātae",
"certatae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātī",
"links": [
[
"certātī",
"certati#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātōrum",
"links": [
[
"certātōrum",
"certatorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātārum",
"links": [
[
"certātārum",
"certatarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātōrum",
"links": [
[
"certātōrum",
"certatorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātae",
"links": [
[
"certātae",
"certatae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātīs",
"links": [
[
"certātīs",
"certatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātam",
"links": [
[
"certātam",
"certatam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātōs",
"links": [
[
"certātōs",
"certatos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātās",
"links": [
[
"certātās",
"certatas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātā",
"links": [
[
"certātā",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātīs",
"links": [
[
"certātīs",
"certatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāte",
"links": [
[
"certāte",
"certate#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certātī",
"links": [
[
"certātī",
"certati#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certātae",
"links": [
[
"certātae",
"certatae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "certātus"
},
"expansion": "certātus (feminine certāta, neuter certātum); first/second-declension participle",
"name": "la-part"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "certātus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 4 27 18 26 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 26 17 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 26 17 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 31 18 29 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 25 19 23 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 9 11 12 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 26 18 25 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -tus (action noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 27 18 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 38 11 33 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 28 22 25 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 4 26 21 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 26 21 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "certō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wrestled"
],
"id": "en-certatus-la-verb-uicQth4D",
"links": [
[
"wrestle",
"wrestle"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 4 27 18 26 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 26 17 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 26 17 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 31 18 29 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 25 19 23 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 9 11 12 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 26 18 25 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -tus (action noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 27 18 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 38 11 33 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 28 22 25 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 4 26 21 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 26 21 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "certō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"contended, disputed"
],
"id": "en-certatus-la-verb-8S9-1uTF",
"links": [
[
"contend",
"contend"
],
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
}
],
"word": "certatus"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Perfect active participle of certor.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "certātus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus",
"links": [
[
"certātus",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātī",
"links": [
[
"certātī",
"certati#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātae",
"links": [
[
"certātae",
"certatae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātī",
"links": [
[
"certātī",
"certati#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātae",
"links": [
[
"certātae",
"certatae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātī",
"links": [
[
"certātī",
"certati#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātōrum",
"links": [
[
"certātōrum",
"certatorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātārum",
"links": [
[
"certātārum",
"certatarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātōrum",
"links": [
[
"certātōrum",
"certatorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātae",
"links": [
[
"certātae",
"certatae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātīs",
"links": [
[
"certātīs",
"certatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātam",
"links": [
[
"certātam",
"certatam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātōs",
"links": [
[
"certātōs",
"certatos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātās",
"links": [
[
"certātās",
"certatas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātā",
"links": [
[
"certātā",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātīs",
"links": [
[
"certātīs",
"certatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāte",
"links": [
[
"certāte",
"certate#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certātī",
"links": [
[
"certātī",
"certati#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certātae",
"links": [
[
"certātae",
"certatae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "certātus"
},
"expansion": "certātus (feminine certāta, neuter certātum); first/second-declension participle",
"name": "la-part"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "certātus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 4 27 18 26 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 26 17 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 26 17 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 31 18 29 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 25 19 23 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 9 11 12 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 26 18 25 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -tus (action noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 27 18 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 38 11 33 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 28 22 25 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 4 26 21 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 26 21 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "certor"
}
],
"glosses": [
"having wrestled"
],
"id": "en-certatus-la-verb-xxw9qg0G",
"links": [
[
"wrestle",
"wrestle"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 4 27 18 26 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 26 17 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 26 17 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 31 18 29 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 25 19 23 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 9 11 12 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 26 18 25 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -tus (action noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 27 18 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 38 11 33 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 28 22 25 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 4 26 21 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 26 21 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "certor"
}
],
"glosses": [
"having contended, disputed"
],
"id": "en-certatus-la-verb-txhjSh2~",
"links": [
[
"contend",
"contend"
],
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
}
],
"word": "certatus"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "certō",
"4": "-tus<pos:forming action nouns><id:action noun>",
"text": "+",
"title": "certātus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin certō\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Italic *-tus\nLatin -tus\nLatin certātus\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tus\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"forming action nouns\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"certātus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"certātus\">\nFrom certō + -tus (forming action nouns).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin certō\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Italic *-tus\nLatin -tus\nLatin certātus\nFrom certō + -tus (forming action nouns).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "certātus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "certātūs",
"links": [
[
"certātūs",
"certatus"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus",
"links": [
[
"certātus",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātūs",
"links": [
[
"certātūs",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātūs",
"links": [
[
"certātūs",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātuum",
"links": [
[
"certātuum",
"certatuum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātuī",
"links": [
[
"certātuī",
"certatui#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātibus",
"links": [
[
"certātibus",
"certatibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātūs",
"links": [
[
"certātūs",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātū",
"links": [
[
"certātū",
"certatu#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātibus",
"links": [
[
"certātibus",
"certatibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus",
"links": [
[
"certātus",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certātūs",
"links": [
[
"certātūs",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "certātus<4>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "certātus m (genitive certātūs); fourth declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "certātus<4>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 3 25 19 23 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 9 11 12 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"struggle, contention"
],
"id": "en-certatus-la-noun-Lv2fVeYN",
"links": [
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
],
[
"contention",
"contention"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fight"
],
"id": "en-certatus-la-noun-I7ao85nd",
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "certāmen"
},
{
"word": "dīmicātiō"
},
{
"word": "duellum"
},
{
"word": "līs"
},
{
"word": "rixa"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
}
],
"word": "certatus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"Latin entries with etymology texts",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension participles",
"Latin fourth declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin participles",
"Latin perfect participles",
"Latin terms suffixed with -tus (action noun)",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_text": "Perfect passive participle of certō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "certātus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus",
"links": [
[
"certātus",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātī",
"links": [
[
"certātī",
"certati#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātae",
"links": [
[
"certātae",
"certatae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātī",
"links": [
[
"certātī",
"certati#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātae",
"links": [
[
"certātae",
"certatae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātī",
"links": [
[
"certātī",
"certati#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātōrum",
"links": [
[
"certātōrum",
"certatorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātārum",
"links": [
[
"certātārum",
"certatarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātōrum",
"links": [
[
"certātōrum",
"certatorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātae",
"links": [
[
"certātae",
"certatae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātīs",
"links": [
[
"certātīs",
"certatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātam",
"links": [
[
"certātam",
"certatam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātōs",
"links": [
[
"certātōs",
"certatos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātās",
"links": [
[
"certātās",
"certatas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātā",
"links": [
[
"certātā",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātīs",
"links": [
[
"certātīs",
"certatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāte",
"links": [
[
"certāte",
"certate#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certātī",
"links": [
[
"certātī",
"certati#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certātae",
"links": [
[
"certātae",
"certatae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "certātus"
},
"expansion": "certātus (feminine certāta, neuter certātum); first/second-declension participle",
"name": "la-part"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "certātus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "certō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wrestled"
],
"links": [
[
"wrestle",
"wrestle"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "certō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"contended, disputed"
],
"links": [
[
"contend",
"contend"
],
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
}
],
"word": "certatus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"Latin entries with etymology texts",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension participles",
"Latin fourth declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin participles",
"Latin perfect participles",
"Latin terms suffixed with -tus (action noun)",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Perfect active participle of certor.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "certātus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus",
"links": [
[
"certātus",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātī",
"links": [
[
"certātī",
"certati#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātae",
"links": [
[
"certātae",
"certatae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātī",
"links": [
[
"certātī",
"certati#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātae",
"links": [
[
"certātae",
"certatae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātī",
"links": [
[
"certātī",
"certati#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātōrum",
"links": [
[
"certātōrum",
"certatorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātārum",
"links": [
[
"certātārum",
"certatarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātōrum",
"links": [
[
"certātōrum",
"certatorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātae",
"links": [
[
"certātae",
"certatae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātīs",
"links": [
[
"certātīs",
"certatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātam",
"links": [
[
"certātam",
"certatam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātōs",
"links": [
[
"certātōs",
"certatos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātās",
"links": [
[
"certātās",
"certatas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātā",
"links": [
[
"certātā",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātō",
"links": [
[
"certātō",
"certato#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātīs",
"links": [
[
"certātīs",
"certatis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certāte",
"links": [
[
"certāte",
"certate#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certātī",
"links": [
[
"certātī",
"certati#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certātae",
"links": [
[
"certātae",
"certatae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certāta",
"links": [
[
"certāta",
"certata#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "certātus"
},
"expansion": "certātus (feminine certāta, neuter certātum); first/second-declension participle",
"name": "la-part"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "certātus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "certor"
}
],
"glosses": [
"having wrestled"
],
"links": [
[
"wrestle",
"wrestle"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "certor"
}
],
"glosses": [
"having contended, disputed"
],
"links": [
[
"contend",
"contend"
],
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
}
],
"word": "certatus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
"Latin entries with etymology texts",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin fourth declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms suffixed with -tus (action noun)",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "certō",
"4": "-tus<pos:forming action nouns><id:action noun>",
"text": "+",
"title": "certātus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin certō\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Italic *-tus\nLatin -tus\nLatin certātus\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tus\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"forming action nouns\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"certātus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"certātus\">\nFrom certō + -tus (forming action nouns).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin certō\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Italic *-tus\nLatin -tus\nLatin certātus\nFrom certō + -tus (forming action nouns).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "certātus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "certātūs",
"links": [
[
"certātūs",
"certatus"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus",
"links": [
[
"certātus",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātūs",
"links": [
[
"certātūs",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātūs",
"links": [
[
"certātūs",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātuum",
"links": [
[
"certātuum",
"certatuum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātuī",
"links": [
[
"certātuī",
"certatui#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātibus",
"links": [
[
"certātibus",
"certatibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātum",
"links": [
[
"certātum",
"certatum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātūs",
"links": [
[
"certātūs",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātū",
"links": [
[
"certātū",
"certatu#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certātibus",
"links": [
[
"certātibus",
"certatibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certātus",
"links": [
[
"certātus",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "certātūs",
"links": [
[
"certātūs",
"certatus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "certātus<4>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "certātus m (genitive certātūs); fourth declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "certātus<4>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"struggle, contention"
],
"links": [
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
],
[
"contention",
"contention"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fight"
],
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "certāmen"
},
{
"word": "dīmicātiō"
},
{
"word": "duellum"
},
{
"word": "līs"
},
{
"word": "rixa"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-4"
]
}
],
"word": "certatus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for certatus meaning in Latin (16.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.