"彼" meaning in Japanese

See 彼 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Character

Forms: “Jōyō” kanji [common]
  1. Tags: kanji, no-gloss Derived forms: 彼処 (asoko) (ruby: 彼処(あそこ)) (english: that place over there, that organization over there), 彼方 (achira, kanata) (ruby: 彼方(あちら, かなた)) (english: that way, that over there; far away), 彼女 (kanojo) (ruby: 彼女(かのじょ)) (english: she, girlfriend), 彼我 (higa) (ruby: 彼我(ひが)) (english: friend and foe), 彼岸 (higan) (ruby: 彼(ひ), 岸(がん))
    Sense id: en-彼-ja-character-47DEQpj8 Categories (other): Common kanji, Japanese terms with redundant transliterations

Pronoun

IPA: [ka̠] Forms: 彼 [canonical] (ruby: 彼(か)), ka [romanization]
Etymology: From Old Japanese. Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=か}} Old Japanese Head templates: {{ja-pos|pronoun|か}} 彼(か) • (ka)
  1. distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon Derived forms: 彼の (kano) (english: his; that)
    Sense id: en-彼-ja-pron-Nich9DB7 Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese pronouns, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 0 38 38 12 12 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 33 33 17 17 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 25 25 25 25 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 25 25 25 25 Disambiguation of Japanese pronouns: 26 26 24 24 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 27 27 23 23 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 26 26 24 24
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1 Related terms: ああれわわれまろ (maro) (english: are; ware), ななれなんぢましいましみましきみ (kimi), ここれ (kore), そそれ (english: so; sore), ああれかかれ (kare) (english: are), たたれなにがし (nanigashi) (english: tare), おのおのれ (onore), いづれなに (nani), ここ (koko), そこ (soko), あしこかしこ (kashiko), いづくいづこいどこどこ (doko), こちこなた (konata), そちそなた (sochi) (english: sonata), あちあなたかなた (kanata), いづちいづらいづかた (izukata), かかくかくてかう (kō), ささてしか (shika), いか (ika), いつ (itsu)

Pronoun

IPA: [ka̠ɾe̞] Forms: 彼 [canonical] (ruby: 彼(かれ)), kare [romanization]
Etymology: From Old Japanese. Compound of 彼 (ka, “that, yon”) + れ (-re, nominalizing suffix for demonstratives). Found in the Man'yōshū compiled around 759. The sense development seems to have proceeded from "that thing over there" to "that person over there [of indeterminate gender]". The specifically male sense of "he" only arose later during the late Edo period and early Meiji period, influenced by translations of texts from European languages. Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=かれ}} Old Japanese, {{suffix|ja|彼|れ|pos2=nominalizing suffix for demonstratives|sort=かれ|t1=that, yon|tr1=ka|tr2=re}} 彼 (ka, “that, yon”) + れ (-re, nominalizing suffix for demonstratives) Head templates: {{ja-pos|pronoun|かれ}} 彼(かれ) • (kare)
  1. distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon
    Sense id: en-彼-ja-pron-Nich9DB71 Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese pronouns, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms suffixed with れ Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 0 38 38 12 12 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 33 33 17 17 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 25 25 25 25 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 25 25 25 25 Disambiguation of Japanese pronouns: 26 26 24 24 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 27 27 23 23 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 26 26 24 24 Disambiguation of Japanese terms suffixed with れ: 41 30 30
  2. third person pronoun: he, she
    particularly, male personal third person pronoun: he
    Sense id: en-彼-ja-pron--deMQ27p Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese pronouns, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 0 38 38 12 12 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 33 33 17 17 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 25 25 25 25 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 25 25 25 25 Disambiguation of Japanese pronouns: 26 26 24 24 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 27 27 23 23 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 26 26 24 24
  3. third person pronoun: he, she
    by extension from he: boyfriend     Synonyms: 彼氏
    Sense id: en-彼-ja-pron-gg~BTTiA Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese pronouns, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 0 38 38 12 12 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 33 33 17 17 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 25 25 25 25 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 25 25 25 25 Disambiguation of Japanese pronouns: 26 26 24 24 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 27 27 23 23 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 26 26 24 24
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 彼氏 (kareshi) (ruby: 彼氏(かれし)) (english: boyfriend)
Etymology number: 2 Related terms: ああれわわれまろ (maro) (english: are; ware), ななれなんぢましいましみましきみ (kimi), ここれ (kore), そそれ (english: so; sore), ああれかかれ (kare) (english: are), たたれなにがし (nanigashi) (english: tare), おのおのれ (onore), いづれなに (nani), ここ (koko), そこ (soko), あしこかしこ (kashiko), いづくいづこいどこどこ (doko), こちこなた (konata), そちそなた (sochi) (english: sonata), あちあなたかなた (kanata), いづちいづらいづかた (izukata), かかくかくてかう (kō), ささてしか (shika), いか (ika), いつ (itsu)

Download JSON data for 彼 meaning in Japanese (12.3kB)

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Common kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "that place over there, that organization over there",
          "roman": "asoko",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "彼処",
              "あそこ"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "彼処"
        },
        {
          "english": "that way, that over there; far away",
          "roman": "achira, kanata",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "彼方",
              "あちら, かなた"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "彼方"
        },
        {
          "english": "she, girlfriend",
          "roman": "kanojo",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "彼女",
              "かのじょ"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "彼女"
        },
        {
          "english": "friend and foe",
          "roman": "higa",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "彼我",
              "ひが"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "彼我"
        },
        {
          "roman": "higan",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "彼",
              "ひ"
            ],
            [
              "岸",
              "がん"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "彼岸"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-彼-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
      "tags": [
        "kanji",
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "彼"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "か"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "彼",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "彼",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "pronoun",
        "2": "か"
      },
      "expansion": "彼(か) • (ka)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "pron",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "are; ware",
      "roman": "maro",
      "word": "ああれわわれまろ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kimi",
      "word": "ななれなんぢましいましみましきみ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kore",
      "word": "ここれ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "so; sore",
      "word": "そそれ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "are",
      "roman": "kare",
      "word": "ああれかかれ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "tare",
      "roman": "nanigashi",
      "word": "たたれなにがし"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "onore",
      "word": "おのおのれ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "nani",
      "word": "いづれなに"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "koko",
      "word": "ここ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "soko",
      "word": "そこ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kashiko",
      "word": "あしこかしこ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "doko",
      "word": "いづくいづこいどこどこ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "konata",
      "word": "こちこなた"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "sonata",
      "roman": "sochi",
      "word": "そちそなた"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kanata",
      "word": "あちあなたかなた"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "izukata",
      "word": "いづちいづらいづかた"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kō",
      "word": "かかくかくてかう"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "shika",
      "word": "ささてしか"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "ika",
      "word": "いか"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "itsu",
      "word": "いつ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
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          "_dis": "33 33 17 17",
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          "_dis": "25 25 25 25",
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        {
          "_dis": "26 26 24 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese pronouns",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 23 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 26 24 24",
          "kind": "other",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
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      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "his; that",
          "roman": "kano",
          "word": "彼の"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon"
      ],
      "id": "en-彼-ja-pron-Nich9DB7",
      "links": [
        [
          "distal",
          "distal"
        ],
        [
          "demonstrative",
          "demonstrative"
        ],
        [
          "removed",
          "removed"
        ],
        [
          "that",
          "that"
        ],
        [
          "yon",
          "yon"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "か"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ka̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "彼"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "boyfriend",
      "roman": "kareshi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "彼氏",
          "かれし"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "彼氏"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
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      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "彼",
        "3": "れ",
        "pos2": "nominalizing suffix for demonstratives",
        "sort": "かれ",
        "t1": "that, yon",
        "tr1": "ka",
        "tr2": "re"
      },
      "expansion": "彼 (ka, “that, yon”) + れ (-re, nominalizing suffix for demonstratives)",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Compound of 彼 (ka, “that, yon”) + れ (-re, nominalizing suffix for demonstratives). Found in the Man'yōshū compiled around 759.\nThe sense development seems to have proceeded from \"that thing over there\" to \"that person over there [of indeterminate gender]\". The specifically male sense of \"he\" only arose later during the late Edo period and early Meiji period, influenced by translations of texts from European languages.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "彼",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "彼",
          "かれ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kare",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pronoun",
        "2": "かれ"
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      "expansion": "彼(かれ) • (kare)",
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    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "pron",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "are; ware",
      "roman": "maro",
      "word": "ああれわわれまろ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kimi",
      "word": "ななれなんぢましいましみましきみ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kore",
      "word": "ここれ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "so; sore",
      "word": "そそれ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "are",
      "roman": "kare",
      "word": "ああれかかれ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "tare",
      "roman": "nanigashi",
      "word": "たたれなにがし"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "onore",
      "word": "おのおのれ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "nani",
      "word": "いづれなに"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "koko",
      "word": "ここ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "soko",
      "word": "そこ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kashiko",
      "word": "あしこかしこ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "doko",
      "word": "いづくいづこいどこどこ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "konata",
      "word": "こちこなた"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "sonata",
      "roman": "sochi",
      "word": "そちそなた"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kanata",
      "word": "あちあなたかなた"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "izukata",
      "word": "いづちいづらいづかた"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kō",
      "word": "かかくかくてかう"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "shika",
      "word": "ささてしか"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "ika",
      "word": "いか"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "itsu",
      "word": "いつ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 38 38 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
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            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "33 33 17 17",
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          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 25",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "_dis": "25 25 25 25",
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          "_dis": "27 27 23 23",
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          "_dis": "26 26 24 24",
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          "parents": [
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 30 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms suffixed with れ",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon"
      ],
      "id": "en-彼-ja-pron-Nich9DB71",
      "links": [
        [
          "distal",
          "distal"
        ],
        [
          "demonstrative",
          "demonstrative"
        ],
        [
          "removed",
          "removed"
        ],
        [
          "that",
          "that"
        ],
        [
          "yon",
          "yon"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 38 38 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 17 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 26 24 24",
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          "name": "Japanese pronouns",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "27 27 23 23",
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          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 26 24 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: 彼女 (kanojo, “she”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third person pronoun: he, she",
        "particularly, male personal third person pronoun: he"
      ],
      "id": "en-彼-ja-pron--deMQ27p",
      "links": [
        [
          "he",
          "he"
        ],
        [
          "she",
          "she"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 38 38 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 17 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 26 24 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 23 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 26 24 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: 彼女 (kanojo, “girlfriend”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third person pronoun: he, she",
        "by extension from he: boyfriend"
      ],
      "id": "en-彼-ja-pron-gg~BTTiA",
      "links": [
        [
          "he",
          "he"
        ],
        [
          "she",
          "she"
        ],
        [
          "boyfriend",
          "boyfriend"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "彼氏"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "かれ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ka̠ɾe̞]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Edo period",
    "Meiji period",
    "ja:大辞林",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "彼"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Common kanji",
    "Japanese Han characters",
    "Japanese kanji with goon reading ひ",
    "Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ひ",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading あ",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading あ-の",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading あ-れ",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading あれ",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading か",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading かの",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading かれ",
    "Japanese kanji with nanori reading その",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 彼",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "that place over there, that organization over there",
      "roman": "asoko",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "彼処",
          "あそこ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "彼処"
    },
    {
      "english": "that way, that over there; far away",
      "roman": "achira, kanata",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "彼方",
          "あちら, かなた"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "彼方"
    },
    {
      "english": "she, girlfriend",
      "roman": "kanojo",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "彼女",
          "かのじょ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "彼女"
    },
    {
      "english": "friend and foe",
      "roman": "higa",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "彼我",
          "ひが"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "彼我"
    },
    {
      "roman": "higan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "彼",
          "ひ"
        ],
        [
          "岸",
          "がん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "彼岸"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "kanji",
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "彼"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese pronouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 彼",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "his; that",
      "roman": "kano",
      "word": "彼の"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "か"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "彼",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "彼",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pronoun",
        "2": "か"
      },
      "expansion": "彼(か) • (ka)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "pron",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "are; ware",
      "roman": "maro",
      "word": "ああれわわれまろ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kimi",
      "word": "ななれなんぢましいましみましきみ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kore",
      "word": "ここれ"
    },
    {
      "english": "so; sore",
      "word": "そそれ"
    },
    {
      "english": "are",
      "roman": "kare",
      "word": "ああれかかれ"
    },
    {
      "english": "tare",
      "roman": "nanigashi",
      "word": "たたれなにがし"
    },
    {
      "roman": "onore",
      "word": "おのおのれ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nani",
      "word": "いづれなに"
    },
    {
      "roman": "koko",
      "word": "ここ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "soko",
      "word": "そこ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kashiko",
      "word": "あしこかしこ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "doko",
      "word": "いづくいづこいどこどこ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "konata",
      "word": "こちこなた"
    },
    {
      "english": "sonata",
      "roman": "sochi",
      "word": "そちそなた"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kanata",
      "word": "あちあなたかなた"
    },
    {
      "roman": "izukata",
      "word": "いづちいづらいづかた"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kō",
      "word": "かかくかくてかう"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shika",
      "word": "ささてしか"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ika",
      "word": "いか"
    },
    {
      "roman": "itsu",
      "word": "いつ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "distal",
          "distal"
        ],
        [
          "demonstrative",
          "demonstrative"
        ],
        [
          "removed",
          "removed"
        ],
        [
          "that",
          "that"
        ],
        [
          "yon",
          "yon"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "か"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ka̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "彼"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese pronouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 彼",
    "Japanese terms suffixed with れ",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "boyfriend",
      "roman": "kareshi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "彼氏",
          "かれし"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "彼氏"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "かれ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "彼",
        "3": "れ",
        "pos2": "nominalizing suffix for demonstratives",
        "sort": "かれ",
        "t1": "that, yon",
        "tr1": "ka",
        "tr2": "re"
      },
      "expansion": "彼 (ka, “that, yon”) + れ (-re, nominalizing suffix for demonstratives)",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Compound of 彼 (ka, “that, yon”) + れ (-re, nominalizing suffix for demonstratives). Found in the Man'yōshū compiled around 759.\nThe sense development seems to have proceeded from \"that thing over there\" to \"that person over there [of indeterminate gender]\". The specifically male sense of \"he\" only arose later during the late Edo period and early Meiji period, influenced by translations of texts from European languages.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "彼",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "彼",
          "かれ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kare",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pronoun",
        "2": "かれ"
      },
      "expansion": "彼(かれ) • (kare)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "pron",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "are; ware",
      "roman": "maro",
      "word": "ああれわわれまろ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kimi",
      "word": "ななれなんぢましいましみましきみ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kore",
      "word": "ここれ"
    },
    {
      "english": "so; sore",
      "word": "そそれ"
    },
    {
      "english": "are",
      "roman": "kare",
      "word": "ああれかかれ"
    },
    {
      "english": "tare",
      "roman": "nanigashi",
      "word": "たたれなにがし"
    },
    {
      "roman": "onore",
      "word": "おのおのれ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nani",
      "word": "いづれなに"
    },
    {
      "roman": "koko",
      "word": "ここ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "soko",
      "word": "そこ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kashiko",
      "word": "あしこかしこ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "doko",
      "word": "いづくいづこいどこどこ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "konata",
      "word": "こちこなた"
    },
    {
      "english": "sonata",
      "roman": "sochi",
      "word": "そちそなた"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kanata",
      "word": "あちあなたかなた"
    },
    {
      "roman": "izukata",
      "word": "いづちいづらいづかた"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kō",
      "word": "かかくかくてかう"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shika",
      "word": "ささてしか"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ika",
      "word": "いか"
    },
    {
      "roman": "itsu",
      "word": "いつ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "distal",
          "distal"
        ],
        [
          "demonstrative",
          "demonstrative"
        ],
        [
          "removed",
          "removed"
        ],
        [
          "that",
          "that"
        ],
        [
          "yon",
          "yon"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: 彼女 (kanojo, “she”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third person pronoun: he, she",
        "particularly, male personal third person pronoun: he"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "he",
          "he"
        ],
        [
          "she",
          "she"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: 彼女 (kanojo, “girlfriend”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third person pronoun: he, she",
        "by extension from he: boyfriend"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "he",
          "he"
        ],
        [
          "she",
          "she"
        ],
        [
          "boyfriend",
          "boyfriend"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "彼氏"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "かれ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ka̠ɾe̞]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Edo period",
    "Meiji period",
    "ja:大辞林",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "彼"
}

{
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "soft-redirect",
  "redirects": [
    "かの"
  ],
  "word": "彼"
}

{
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "soft-redirect",
  "redirects": [
    "あ"
  ],
  "word": "彼"
}

{
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "soft-redirect",
  "redirects": [
    "あれ"
  ],
  "word": "彼"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "彼"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "pronoun",
  "title": "彼",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "彼"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "pronoun",
  "title": "彼",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "彼/Japanese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"lang_code\": \"ja\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"かの\"], \"word\": \"彼\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "soft-redirect",
  "title": "彼",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "彼/Japanese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"lang_code\": \"ja\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"あ\"], \"word\": \"彼\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "soft-redirect",
  "title": "彼",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "彼/Japanese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"lang_code\": \"ja\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"あれ\"], \"word\": \"彼\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "soft-redirect",
  "title": "彼",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.