See dubh in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "black dwarf",
"translation": "black dwarf",
"word": "abhac dubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "black widow",
"translation": "black widow",
"word": "baintreach dhubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "black bear",
"translation": "black bear",
"word": "béar dubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Brandubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "black-headed",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"translation": "black-headed",
"word": "ceanndubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "blackboard",
"translation": "blackboard",
"word": "clár dubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "black, dark",
"translation": "black, dark",
"word": "dú-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "carbon black",
"translation": "carbon black",
"word": "dubh an charbóin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "carbon black",
"translation": "carbon black",
"word": "dubh carbóin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dubhán"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Dubhdáleithe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Dubhdarach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Dubhghall"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Dubhghus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Dubhlachán"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "ink",
"translation": "ink",
"word": "dúch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dúchan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "dark blue, navy blue",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"translation": "dark blue, navy blue",
"word": "dúghorm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "black tern",
"translation": "black tern",
"word": "geabhróg dhubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "black-necked crane",
"translation": "black-necked crane",
"word": "grús píbdhubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "stout, porter",
"translation": "stout, porter",
"word": "leann dubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "blackbird",
"translation": "blackbird",
"word": "lon dubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "black pudding",
"translation": "black pudding",
"word": "lúbán dubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "black market",
"translation": "black market",
"word": "margadh dubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "from dawn to dusk",
"translation": "from dawn to dusk",
"word": "ó dhubh go dubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "black-necked",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"translation": "black-necked",
"word": "píbdhubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "black pepper",
"translation": "black pepper",
"word": "piobar dubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "black pudding",
"translation": "black pudding",
"word": "putóg dhubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "black lung",
"translation": "black lung",
"word": "scamhóg dhubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "blackish",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"translation": "blackish",
"word": "scothdhubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "black eye, shiner",
"translation": "black eye, shiner",
"word": "súil dhubh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "black tea",
"translation": "black tea",
"word": "tae dubh"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ghou"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "dub"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish dub",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dubus",
"t": "black"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-",
"t": "black"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "deaf"
},
"expansion": "English deaf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish dub, from Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black”). Cognates include English deaf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duibh",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duibhe",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubha",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duibhe",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dúcha",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dubh",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dhubh",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition"
]
},
{
"form": "ndubh",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"eclipsis"
]
},
{
"form": "dú-",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"in-compounds"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "dubha",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl2}}}",
"13": "comparative",
"14": "duibhe",
"15": "or",
"16": "dúcha",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "genitive singular masculine",
"4": "duibh",
"5": "genitive singular feminine",
"6": "duibhe",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{gsf2}}}",
"9": "plural",
"altform": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "dubh (genitive singular masculine duibh, genitive singular feminine duibhe, plural dubha, comparative duibhe or dúcha)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"comp": "duibhe",
"comp2": "dúcha",
"gsf": "duibhe",
"gsm": "duibh",
"pl": "~a"
},
"expansion": "dubh (genitive singular masculine duibh, genitive singular feminine duibhe, plural dubha, comparative duibhe or dúcha)",
"name": "ga-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"black"
],
"id": "en-dubh-ga-adj-wAbH46sU",
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 67 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"black-haired"
],
"id": "en-dubh-ga-adj-cAYKh520",
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
],
[
"haired",
"haired"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"black (color)"
],
"id": "en-dubh-ga-adj-Z4W5Xj69",
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nominalized, masculine) black (color)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/d̪ˠuvˠ/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ˠu(ː)/",
"tags": [
"Galway"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ˠɞ/",
"tags": [
"Galway"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ˠuvˠ/",
"tags": [
"Mayo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ˠufˠ/",
"tags": [
"Mayo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ˠuh/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ˠʊʍ]",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ˠʊfˠ/",
"tags": [
"Ulster",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "dubh"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish adjectives",
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"gd-noun 2"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "black dwarf",
"translation": "black dwarf",
"word": "abhac dubh"
},
{
"english": "black widow",
"translation": "black widow",
"word": "baintreach dhubh"
},
{
"english": "black bear",
"translation": "black bear",
"word": "béar dubh"
},
{
"word": "Brandubh"
},
{
"english": "black-headed",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"translation": "black-headed",
"word": "ceanndubh"
},
{
"english": "blackboard",
"translation": "blackboard",
"word": "clár dubh"
},
{
"english": "black, dark",
"translation": "black, dark",
"word": "dú-"
},
{
"english": "carbon black",
"translation": "carbon black",
"word": "dubh an charbóin"
},
{
"english": "carbon black",
"translation": "carbon black",
"word": "dubh carbóin"
},
{
"word": "dubhán"
},
{
"word": "Dubhdáleithe"
},
{
"word": "Dubhdarach"
},
{
"word": "Dubhghall"
},
{
"word": "Dubhghus"
},
{
"word": "Dubhlachán"
},
{
"english": "ink",
"translation": "ink",
"word": "dúch"
},
{
"word": "dúchan"
},
{
"english": "dark blue, navy blue",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"translation": "dark blue, navy blue",
"word": "dúghorm"
},
{
"english": "black tern",
"translation": "black tern",
"word": "geabhróg dhubh"
},
{
"english": "black-necked crane",
"translation": "black-necked crane",
"word": "grús píbdhubh"
},
{
"english": "stout, porter",
"translation": "stout, porter",
"word": "leann dubh"
},
{
"english": "blackbird",
"translation": "blackbird",
"word": "lon dubh"
},
{
"english": "black pudding",
"translation": "black pudding",
"word": "lúbán dubh"
},
{
"english": "black market",
"translation": "black market",
"word": "margadh dubh"
},
{
"english": "from dawn to dusk",
"translation": "from dawn to dusk",
"word": "ó dhubh go dubh"
},
{
"english": "black-necked",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"translation": "black-necked",
"word": "píbdhubh"
},
{
"english": "black pepper",
"translation": "black pepper",
"word": "piobar dubh"
},
{
"english": "black pudding",
"translation": "black pudding",
"word": "putóg dhubh"
},
{
"english": "black lung",
"translation": "black lung",
"word": "scamhóg dhubh"
},
{
"english": "blackish",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"translation": "blackish",
"word": "scothdhubh"
},
{
"english": "black eye, shiner",
"translation": "black eye, shiner",
"word": "súil dhubh"
},
{
"english": "black tea",
"translation": "black tea",
"word": "tae dubh"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ghou"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "dub"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish dub",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dubus",
"t": "black"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-",
"t": "black"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "deaf"
},
"expansion": "English deaf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish dub, from Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black”). Cognates include English deaf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duibh",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duibhe",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubha",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duibhe",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dúcha",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dubh",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dhubh",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition"
]
},
{
"form": "ndubh",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"eclipsis"
]
},
{
"form": "dú-",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"in-compounds"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "dubha",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl2}}}",
"13": "comparative",
"14": "duibhe",
"15": "or",
"16": "dúcha",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "genitive singular masculine",
"4": "duibh",
"5": "genitive singular feminine",
"6": "duibhe",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{gsf2}}}",
"9": "plural",
"altform": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "dubh (genitive singular masculine duibh, genitive singular feminine duibhe, plural dubha, comparative duibhe or dúcha)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"comp": "duibhe",
"comp2": "dúcha",
"gsf": "duibhe",
"gsm": "duibh",
"pl": "~a"
},
"expansion": "dubh (genitive singular masculine duibh, genitive singular feminine duibhe, plural dubha, comparative duibhe or dúcha)",
"name": "ga-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"black"
],
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"black-haired"
],
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
],
[
"haired",
"haired"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Irish nominalized adjectives"
],
"glosses": [
"black (color)"
],
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nominalized, masculine) black (color)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/d̪ˠuvˠ/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ˠu(ː)/",
"tags": [
"Galway"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ˠɞ/",
"tags": [
"Galway"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ˠuvˠ/",
"tags": [
"Mayo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ˠufˠ/",
"tags": [
"Mayo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ˠuh/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ˠʊʍ]",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d̪ˠʊfˠ/",
"tags": [
"Ulster",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "dubh"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dubh meaning in Irish (5.7kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/328",
"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"dubh"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "dubh",
"trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 17"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"dubh"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "dubh",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 17"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'strong noun'",
"path": [
"dubh"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "dubh",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'weak noun'",
"path": [
"dubh"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "dubh",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"dubh"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "dubh",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dubh/Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"dubh"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "dubh",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.