See was in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for was meaning in English (11.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wasband"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wasbian"
}
],
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"2": "enm",
"3": "was"
},
"expansion": "Middle English was",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wæs"
},
"expansion": "Old English wæs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*was"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *was",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "was"
},
"expansion": "Scots was",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "was"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian was",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "was"
},
"expansion": "Dutch was",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "was"
},
"expansion": "Low German was",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "war"
},
"expansion": "German war",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "var"
},
"expansion": "Swedish var",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₂we-h₂wós-e"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂we-h₂wós-e",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂wes-",
"3": "",
"4": "to reside"
},
"expansion": "*h₂wes- (“to reside”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vestal"
},
"expansion": "vestal",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to become"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to become”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "is",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "are"
},
"expansion": "are",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁es-",
"4": "",
"5": "to be"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "were"
},
"expansion": "were",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wes-",
"4": "",
"5": "to reside"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English was, from Old English wæs, from Proto-Germanic *was, (compare Scots was, West Frisian was (dated, wie is generally preferred today), Dutch was, Low German was, German war, Swedish var), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂we-h₂wós-e, from *h₂wes- (“to reside”), whence also vestal. The paradigm of “to be” has been since the time of Proto-Germanic a synthesis of three originally distinct verb stems. The infinitive form be is from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to become”). The forms is and are are both derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”). Lastly, the past forms starting with w- such as was and were are from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”).",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "am"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "are"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "is"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "art"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "be"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "being"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "been"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wast"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "were"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wert"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "woz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wuz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 4 19 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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{
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{
"_dis": "20 19 4 19 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English verb forms using redundant wikisyntax",
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{
"text": "I was castigated and scorned.",
"type": "example"
}
],
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{
"word": "be"
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],
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"first-person singular simple past indicative of be."
],
"id": "en-was-en-verb-VUCBBG4E",
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[
"be",
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]
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"tags": [
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"past",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 4 19 20 18",
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"_dis": "20 19 4 19 20 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English verb forms using redundant wikisyntax",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It was a really humongous slice of cake.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1915, John Millington Synge, The Playboy of the Western World, section I",
"text": "I killed my poor father, Tuesday was a week, for doing the like of that.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1996 August 1, George R.R. Martin, A Game of Thrones (A Song of Ice and Fire; 1), HarperCollins, →OCLC, page 16",
"text": "He saw it clear enough, now that the lordling had pointed it out. “They couldn't have froze. Not if the Wall was weeping. It wasn't cold enough.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "be"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular simple past indicative of be."
],
"id": "en-was-en-verb-93Fk1veO",
"links": [
[
"be",
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]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past",
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"third-person"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There was three of them there.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in phrases with existential there when the semantic subject is (usually third-person) plural."
],
"id": "en-was-en-verb-xuRLh1eD",
"links": [
[
"there",
"there#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now colloquial) Used in phrases with existential there when the semantic subject is (usually third-person) plural."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "African-American Vernacular English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
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{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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],
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{
"extra": "were",
"word": "be"
}
],
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"second-person singular simple past indicative of be; were."
],
"id": "en-was-en-verb-7OZyQepI",
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"be",
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[
"were",
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],
"qualifier": "now colloquial or nonstandard; African-American Vernacular; now colloquial or nonstandard; African-American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(now colloquial or nonstandard, African-American Vernacular) second-person singular simple past indicative of be; were."
],
"tags": [
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{
"categories": [
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{
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{
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2001, Darrel Rachel, The Magnolias Still Bloom, page 104",
"text": "“What happened here, Hadley?” the chief asked. “We was robbed, damn it, we was robbed.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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{
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"first-person plural simple past indicative of be; were."
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[
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"(colloquial, nonstandard) first-person plural simple past indicative of be; were."
],
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"nonstandard",
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1968, Etta James, Ellington Jordan, Billy Foster (lyrics and music), “I'd Rather Go Blind”, performed by Etta James",
"text": "When the reflection in the glass that I held to my lips now baby / Revealed the tears that was on my face, yeah",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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{
"extra": "were",
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"third-person plural simple past indicative of be; were."
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],
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wɒz/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand",
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʌz/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand",
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʌz/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɑz/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɔz/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒz"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌz"
},
{
"ipa": "/wəz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-was.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-was.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-was.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-was.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-was.ogg/En-us-was.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-was.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-was2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-was2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-was2.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-was2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-was2.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-was-unstressed.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/En-us-was-unstressed.ogg/En-us-was-unstressed.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/En-us-was-unstressed.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "wŏz"
},
{
"enpr": "wŭz"
},
{
"enpr": "wəz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wuz"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "was"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English auxiliary verb forms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English irregular first-person singular forms",
"English irregular simple past forms",
"English irregular third-person singular forms",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English verb forms",
"English verb forms using redundant wikisyntax",
"Rhymes:English/ɒz",
"Rhymes:English/ɒz/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʌz",
"Rhymes:English/ʌz/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "wasband"
},
{
"word": "wasbian"
}
],
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"2": "enm",
"3": "was"
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"expansion": "Middle English was",
"name": "inh"
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{
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},
"expansion": "Old English wæs",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "*was"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *was",
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "was"
},
"expansion": "Scots was",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "was"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian was",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "was"
},
"expansion": "Dutch was",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "was"
},
"expansion": "Low German was",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "war"
},
"expansion": "German war",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "var"
},
"expansion": "Swedish var",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₂we-h₂wós-e"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂we-h₂wós-e",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "*h₂wes-",
"3": "",
"4": "to reside"
},
"expansion": "*h₂wes- (“to reside”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vestal"
},
"expansion": "vestal",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "be",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to become"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to become”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "is"
},
"expansion": "is",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "are"
},
"expansion": "are",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁es-",
"4": "",
"5": "to be"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "were"
},
"expansion": "were",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wes-",
"4": "",
"5": "to reside"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English was, from Old English wæs, from Proto-Germanic *was, (compare Scots was, West Frisian was (dated, wie is generally preferred today), Dutch was, Low German was, German war, Swedish var), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂we-h₂wós-e, from *h₂wes- (“to reside”), whence also vestal. The paradigm of “to be” has been since the time of Proto-Germanic a synthesis of three originally distinct verb stems. The infinitive form be is from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to become”). The forms is and are are both derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”). Lastly, the past forms starting with w- such as was and were are from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”).",
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"name": "head"
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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},
{
"word": "are"
},
{
"word": "is"
},
{
"word": "art"
},
{
"word": "be"
},
{
"word": "being"
},
{
"word": "been"
},
{
"word": "beest"
},
{
"word": "wast"
},
{
"word": "were"
},
{
"word": "wert"
},
{
"word": "woz"
},
{
"word": "wuz"
}
],
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"categories": [
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],
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{
"text": "I was castigated and scorned.",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"word": "be"
}
],
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"first-person singular simple past indicative of be."
],
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]
],
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"indicative",
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"singular"
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},
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It was a really humongous slice of cake.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1915, John Millington Synge, The Playboy of the Western World, section I",
"text": "I killed my poor father, Tuesday was a week, for doing the like of that.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1996 August 1, George R.R. Martin, A Game of Thrones (A Song of Ice and Fire; 1), HarperCollins, →OCLC, page 16",
"text": "He saw it clear enough, now that the lordling had pointed it out. “They couldn't have froze. Not if the Wall was weeping. It wasn't cold enough.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "be"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular simple past indicative of be."
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There was three of them there.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in phrases with existential there when the semantic subject is (usually third-person) plural."
],
"links": [
[
"there",
"there#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now colloquial) Used in phrases with existential there when the semantic subject is (usually third-person) plural."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"African-American Vernacular English",
"English colloquialisms",
"English nonstandard terms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "were",
"word": "be"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular simple past indicative of be; were."
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be#English"
],
[
"were",
"were#Verb"
]
],
"qualifier": "now colloquial or nonstandard; African-American Vernacular; now colloquial or nonstandard; African-American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(now colloquial or nonstandard, African-American Vernacular) second-person singular simple past indicative of be; were."
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English nonstandard terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2001, Darrel Rachel, The Magnolias Still Bloom, page 104",
"text": "“What happened here, Hadley?” the chief asked. “We was robbed, damn it, we was robbed.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "were",
"word": "be"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person plural simple past indicative of be; were."
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be#English"
],
[
"were",
"were#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, nonstandard) first-person plural simple past indicative of be; were."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"nonstandard",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"African-American Vernacular English",
"English colloquialisms",
"English nonstandard terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1968, Etta James, Ellington Jordan, Billy Foster (lyrics and music), “I'd Rather Go Blind”, performed by Etta James",
"text": "When the reflection in the glass that I held to my lips now baby / Revealed the tears that was on my face, yeah",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "were",
"word": "be"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person plural simple past indicative of be; were."
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be#English"
],
[
"were",
"were#Verb"
]
],
"qualifier": "African-American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, nonstandard, African-American Vernacular) third-person plural simple past indicative of be; were."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"nonstandard",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wɒz/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand",
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʌz/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand",
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʌz/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɑz/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɔz/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒz"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌz"
},
{
"ipa": "/wəz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-was.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-was.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-was.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-was.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-was.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-was.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-was.ogg/En-us-was.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/En-us-was.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-was2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-was2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-was2.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-was2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-was2.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-was-unstressed.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/En-us-was-unstressed.ogg/En-us-was-unstressed.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/En-us-was-unstressed.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "wŏz"
},
{
"enpr": "wŭz"
},
{
"enpr": "wəz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wus"
},
{
"word": "wuz"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Was (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "was"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.