See warden in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "air-raid warden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "air warden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chapelwarden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "churchwarden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dog warden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "firewarden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "game warden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "parking warden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "people's warden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "subwarden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "traffic warden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wardeness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Warden Hill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wardenless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wardenry"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wardenship"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "warden system"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "waywarden"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "warden",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: warden, gwarden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: warden, gwarden"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wardein"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wardein",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "wardein"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman wardein",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "guarder",
"t": "to guard"
},
"expansion": "Old French guarder (“to guard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "garder"
},
"expansion": "French garder",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "guard"
},
"expansion": "English guard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ward-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ward-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "wartēn",
"t": "to watch"
},
"expansion": "Old High German wartēn (“to watch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gardien"
},
"expansion": "French gardien",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "guardian"
},
"expansion": "Old French guardian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "guardian"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of guardian",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wardein, from Anglo-Norman wardein, from warder (“to guard”), variant of Old French guarder (“to guard”) (whence modern French garder, also English guard), from Proto-Germanic *ward-; related to Old High German wartēn (“to watch”). Compare guardian, French gardien, from Old French guardian, guardein. Compare also ward and reward. Doublet of guardian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wardens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "warden (plural wardens)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter IV, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:",
"text": "He called to the wardens on the outside battlements.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A guard or watchman."
],
"id": "en-warden-en-noun-KVyj6zRm",
"links": [
[
"guard",
"guard"
],
[
"watchman",
"watchman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or literary) A guard or watchman."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 96 2 1 0 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1934, Nathanael West, “Chapter 7”, in A Cool Million:",
"text": "The warden of the state prison, Ezekiel Purdy, was a kind man if stern. He invariably made all newcomers a little speech of welcome […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A chief administrative officer of a prison."
],
"id": "en-warden-en-noun-wDk44KEN",
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"administrative",
"administrative"
],
[
"officer",
"officer"
],
[
"prison",
"prison"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔāmir sijn",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "آمِر سِجْن"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "direktor na zatvor",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "директор на затвор"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "htaungpuing",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "ထောင်ပိုင်"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "典獄長"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "diǎnyùzhǎng",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "典狱长"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kānshǒurén",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "看守人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fængdelsdirektør"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fængselsinspektør"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "gevangenbewaarder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "vankilanjohtaja"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "directeur de prison"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gefängnisdirektor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gefängnisdirektorin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bardach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "direttore"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "direttrice"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"alt": "けいむしょちょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "keimusho-chō",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "刑務所長"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"alt": "かんしゅ",
"code": "ja",
"english": "warden",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kanshu",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "看守"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "upravnik",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "управник"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "wātene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fengselsdirektør"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zandânbân",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "زندانبان"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diretor (de presídio)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "director de închisoare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "načálʹnik tjurʹmý",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нача́льник тюрьмы́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alcaide"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 96 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "casillero"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
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"_dis": "2 6 59 18 14",
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"_dis": "2 6 57 17 18",
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{
"_dis": "2 5 58 17 18",
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"name": "Terms with French translations",
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{
"_dis": "3 5 61 18 15",
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{
"_dis": "2 9 61 15 13",
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"_dis": "2 4 62 17 15",
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{
"_dis": "1 21 47 23 0 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
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"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 20 49 16 2 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Prison",
"orig": "en:Prison",
"parents": [
"Buildings",
"Law enforcement",
"Buildings and structures",
"Crime prevention",
"Emergency services",
"Law",
"Architecture",
"Crime",
"Public safety",
"Justice",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Public administration",
"Security",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Government",
"Fundamental",
"Politics"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 44 17 16 18",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pear cultivars",
"orig": "en:Pear cultivars",
"parents": [
"Fruits",
"Pome fruits",
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Rose family plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Rosales order plants",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An official charged with supervisory duties or with the enforcement of specific laws or regulations; such as a game warden or air-raid warden."
],
"id": "en-warden-en-noun-sjDNeulP",
"links": [
[
"official",
"official"
],
[
"supervisory",
"supervisory"
],
[
"duties",
"duties"
],
[
"enforcement",
"enforcement"
],
[
"law",
"law"
],
[
"regulation",
"regulation"
],
[
"game warden",
"game warden"
],
[
"air-raid warden",
"air-raid warden"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"word": "nəzarətçi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nadzirátel",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "надзира́тел"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "opzichter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Aufseher"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"word": "felügyelő"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "maor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "preside"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guardiano"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "supervisore"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"alt": "しょちょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shochō",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"word": "所長"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nadzornik",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "надзорник"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"word": "wātene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gardgien"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "supervisor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "supraveghetor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "supraveghetoare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "smotrítelʹ",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "смотри́тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nadzirátelʹ",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "надзира́тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "comandante"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guardabosque"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "director"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"topics": [
"fish",
"ichthyology",
"zoology",
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "guardapesca"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 71 27",
"code": "es",
"english": "game",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"word": "guardacaza"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the warden of a college",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A governing official in various institutions"
],
"id": "en-warden-en-noun-bPEmtRkZ",
"links": [
[
"governing",
"governing"
],
[
"official",
"official"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔːdən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔɹdən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
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{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)dən"
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],
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],
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{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wardein"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wardein",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "wardein"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman wardein",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "guarder",
"t": "to guard"
},
"expansion": "Old French guarder (“to guard”)",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "garder"
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "English guard",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ward-",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Old High German wartēn (“to watch”)",
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "French gardien",
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{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
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"expansion": "Old French guardian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "guardian"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of guardian",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wardein, from Anglo-Norman wardein, from warder (“to guard”), variant of Old French guarder (“to guard”) (whence modern French garder, also English guard), from Proto-Germanic *ward-; related to Old High German wartēn (“to watch”). Compare guardian, French gardien, from Old French guardian, guardein. Compare also ward and reward. Doublet of guardian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wardens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wardening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
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},
{
"form": "wardened",
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"participle",
"past"
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},
{
"form": "wardened",
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"past"
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}
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"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To carry out the duties of a warden."
],
"id": "en-warden-en-verb-LQiTKjoO"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔːdən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔɹdən/",
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"US"
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{
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{
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"expansion": "Middle English wardon",
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
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"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "wardo"
},
"expansion": "Latin wardo",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wardon, origin uncertain; perhaps from Anglo-Norman or Anglo-Latin wardo, -ōnis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wardens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"args": {},
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{
"categories": [],
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{
"ref": "c. 1607–1611, Francis Beaumont, John Fletcher, “Cupid’s Revenge”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, →OCLC, Act II, scene i:",
"text": "Faith I would have had him rosted like a warden in a brown Paper, and no more talk on’t:",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:",
"text": "I must have saffron to colour the warden pies;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Gardens”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:",
"text": "In September, come Grapes; Apples; Poppies of all colours; Peaches; Melo-Cotones; Nectarines; Cornelians; Wardens; Quinces.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1903, E. Bartrum, The Book of Pears and Plums, London: John Lane, page 30:",
"text": "Wardens, a name given to pears which never melt, are long keeping, and used for cooking only. The name comes from the Cistercian Abbey of Warden in Beds. Parkinson’s Warden is now Black Worcester. There are Spanish, White and Red Wardens.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A variety of pear."
],
"id": "en-warden-en-noun-rcVsVueg",
"links": [
[
"pear",
"pear"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Warden in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔːdən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔɹdən/",
"tags": [
"US"
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"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Pear cultivars",
"en:People",
"en:Prison"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "air-raid warden"
},
{
"word": "air warden"
},
{
"word": "chapelwarden"
},
{
"word": "churchwarden"
},
{
"word": "dog warden"
},
{
"word": "firewarden"
},
{
"word": "game warden"
},
{
"word": "parking warden"
},
{
"word": "people's warden"
},
{
"word": "subwarden"
},
{
"word": "traffic warden"
},
{
"word": "wardeness"
},
{
"word": "Warden Hill"
},
{
"word": "wardenless"
},
{
"word": "wardenry"
},
{
"word": "wardenship"
},
{
"word": "warden system"
},
{
"word": "waywarden"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
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"2": "warden",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: warden, gwarden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: warden, gwarden"
}
],
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{
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "guardian"
},
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"name": "doublet"
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],
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"tags": [
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]
}
],
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"args": {},
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],
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"pos": "noun",
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"categories": [
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"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter IV, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:",
"text": "He called to the wardens on the outside battlements.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A guard or watchman."
],
"links": [
[
"guard",
"guard"
],
[
"watchman",
"watchman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or literary) A guard or watchman."
],
"tags": [
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"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1934, Nathanael West, “Chapter 7”, in A Cool Million:",
"text": "The warden of the state prison, Ezekiel Purdy, was a kind man if stern. He invariably made all newcomers a little speech of welcome […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A chief administrative officer of a prison."
],
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"administrative",
"administrative"
],
[
"officer",
"officer"
],
[
"prison",
"prison"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"official",
"official"
],
[
"supervisory",
"supervisory"
],
[
"duties",
"duties"
],
[
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"enforcement"
],
[
"law",
"law"
],
[
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"regulation"
],
[
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"game warden"
],
[
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"air-raid warden"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the warden of a college",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A governing official in various institutions"
],
"links": [
[
"governing",
"governing"
],
[
"official",
"official"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ˈwɔːdən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔɹdən/",
"tags": [
"US"
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],
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{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔāmir sijn",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "آمِر سِجْن"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "direktor na zatvor",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "директор на затвор"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "htaungpuing",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "ထောင်ပိုင်"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "典獄長"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "diǎnyùzhǎng",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "典狱长"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kānshǒurén",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "看守人"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fængdelsdirektør"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fængselsinspektør"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "gevangenbewaarder"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "vankilanjohtaja"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "directeur de prison"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gefängnisdirektor"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gefängnisdirektorin"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bardach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "direttore"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "direttrice"
},
{
"alt": "けいむしょちょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "keimusho-chō",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "刑務所長"
},
{
"alt": "かんしゅ",
"code": "ja",
"english": "warden",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kanshu",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "看守"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "upravnik",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "управник"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "wātene"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fengselsdirektør"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zandânbân",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"word": "زندانبان"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diretor (de presídio)"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "director de închisoare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "načálʹnik tjurʹmý",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нача́льник тюрьмы́"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alcaide"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a chief administrative officer of a prison",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "casillero"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"word": "nəzarətçi"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nadzirátel",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "надзира́тел"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "opzichter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Aufseher"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"word": "felügyelő"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "maor"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "preside"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guardiano"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "supervisore"
},
{
"alt": "しょちょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shochō",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"word": "所長"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nadzornik",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "надзорник"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"word": "wātene"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gardgien"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "supervisor"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "supraveghetor"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "supraveghetoare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "smotrítelʹ",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "смотри́тель"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nadzirátelʹ",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "надзира́тель"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "comandante"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guardabosque"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "director"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"topics": [
"fish",
"ichthyology",
"zoology",
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "guardapesca"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "game",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an official charged with supervisory duties",
"word": "guardacaza"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"warden"
],
"word": "warden"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dən",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Pear cultivars",
"en:People",
"en:Prison"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wardein"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wardein",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "wardein"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman wardein",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "guarder",
"t": "to guard"
},
"expansion": "Old French guarder (“to guard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "garder"
},
"expansion": "French garder",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "guard"
},
"expansion": "English guard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ward-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ward-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "wartēn",
"t": "to watch"
},
"expansion": "Old High German wartēn (“to watch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gardien"
},
"expansion": "French gardien",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "guardian"
},
"expansion": "Old French guardian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "guardian"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of guardian",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wardein, from Anglo-Norman wardein, from warder (“to guard”), variant of Old French guarder (“to guard”) (whence modern French garder, also English guard), from Proto-Germanic *ward-; related to Old High German wartēn (“to watch”). Compare guardian, French gardien, from Old French guardian, guardein. Compare also ward and reward. Doublet of guardian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wardens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wardening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wardened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wardened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "warden (third-person singular simple present wardens, present participle wardening, simple past and past participle wardened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To carry out the duties of a warden."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔːdən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔɹdən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-warden.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-warden.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-warden.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-warden.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-warden.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)dən"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"warden"
],
"word": "warden"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dən",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dən/2 syllables",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Pear cultivars",
"en:People",
"en:Prison"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wardon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wardon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "wardo"
},
"expansion": "Latin wardo",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wardon, origin uncertain; perhaps from Anglo-Norman or Anglo-Latin wardo, -ōnis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wardens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "warden (plural wardens)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Warden in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1607–1611, Francis Beaumont, John Fletcher, “Cupid’s Revenge”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, →OCLC, Act II, scene i:",
"text": "Faith I would have had him rosted like a warden in a brown Paper, and no more talk on’t:",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:",
"text": "I must have saffron to colour the warden pies;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Gardens”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:",
"text": "In September, come Grapes; Apples; Poppies of all colours; Peaches; Melo-Cotones; Nectarines; Cornelians; Wardens; Quinces.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1903, E. Bartrum, The Book of Pears and Plums, London: John Lane, page 30:",
"text": "Wardens, a name given to pears which never melt, are long keeping, and used for cooking only. The name comes from the Cistercian Abbey of Warden in Beds. Parkinson’s Warden is now Black Worcester. There are Spanish, White and Red Wardens.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A variety of pear."
],
"links": [
[
"pear",
"pear"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔːdən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔɹdən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-warden.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-warden.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-warden.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-warden.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-warden.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)dən"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"warden"
],
"word": "warden"
}
Download raw JSONL data for warden meaning in English (20.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.