See tubercle in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "basal tubercle"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "butchers' tubercle"
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"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pubic tubercle"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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"expansion": "Derived from Latin tūberculum",
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"etymology_text": "Derived from Latin tūberculum. Compare tuber.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tubercles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tubercule",
"tags": [
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"form": "tuberculum",
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"_dis": "54 32 15",
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"_dis": "74 21 4",
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"text": "the iliac tubercles"
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99,
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"ref": "1869, Alfred Russel Wallace, The Malay Archipelago, volume II, London: Macmillan and Co., page 41:",
"text": "The four long white plumes which give the bird its altogether unique character, spring from little tubercles close to the upper edge of the shoulder or bend of the wing; they are narrow, gently curved, and equally webbed on both sides, of a pure creamy white colour.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"A round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth, especially those found on bones for the attachment of a muscle or ligament or small elevations on the surface of a tooth."
],
"id": "en-tubercle-en-noun-wYPHtrB6",
"links": [
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"anatomy",
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[
"bone",
"bone"
],
[
"muscle",
"muscle"
],
[
"ligament",
"ligament"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) A round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth, especially those found on bones for the attachment of a muscle or ligament or small elevations on the surface of a tooth."
],
"topics": [
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"medicine",
"sciences"
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "71 7 22",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubercle"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 7 22",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrbolek"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 7 22",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuberkel"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 7 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"word": "nysty"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 7 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"word": "tuberkkeli"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 7 22",
"code": "fi",
"english": "on tooth",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"translation": "on tooth",
"word": "nystermä"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 7 22",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tuberkel"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 7 22",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tūberculum"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 7 22",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guzek"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 7 22",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubérculo"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 7 22",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubérculo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"name": "Botany",
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"glosses": [
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],
"topics": [
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"botany",
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],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "42 55 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "palarik",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"word": "պալարիկ"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 55 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubercle"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 55 3",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "git³ zit³",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"word": "結節 /结节"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 55 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "jíejíe",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"word": "結節 /结节"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 55 3",
"code": "nan",
"lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
"lang_code": "nan",
"roman": "kiat-chiat",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"word": "結節 /结节"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 55 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"word": "nystyrä"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 55 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"word": "juurinystyrä"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 55 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubercule"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 55 3",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"word": "tuberkulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 55 3",
"code": "la",
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"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
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"word": "tūberculum"
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{
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"word": "guzek"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 55 3",
"code": "pt",
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"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubérculo"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 55 3",
"code": "es",
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"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
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"masculine"
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"word": "tubérculo"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 55 3",
"code": "tl",
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"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"word": "litbusngi"
}
]
},
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"glosses": [
"A small rounded nodule forming the characteristic lesion of tuberculosis."
],
"id": "en-tubercle-en-noun-1auROsSJ",
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[
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"(pathology) A small rounded nodule forming the characteristic lesion of tuberculosis."
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{
"_dis1": "6 5 89",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "palar",
"sense": "characteristic lesion of tuberculosis",
"word": "պալար"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 89",
"code": "nl",
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"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "characteristic lesion of tuberculosis",
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"word": "tuberkel"
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{
"_dis1": "6 5 89",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "characteristic lesion of tuberculosis",
"word": "tuberkkeli"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 89",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "characteristic lesion of tuberculosis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tuberkel"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 89",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "characteristic lesion of tuberculosis",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tūberculum"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 89",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "characteristic lesion of tuberculosis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guzek"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 89",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "characteristic lesion of tuberculosis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubérculo"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 5 89",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "characteristic lesion of tuberculosis",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "tubérculo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "t(y)o͞o′bər-kəl"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt(j)uː.bə.kəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt(j)u.bəɹ.kəl/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
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"tags": [
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt(j)ʉː.bə.kəl/",
"tags": [
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"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt(j)ʉ.bəɹ.kəl/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʈ(j)uː.bɜː(ɾ).kel/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʈ(j)uː.bəɾ.kel/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːbə(ɹ)kəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "tuberosity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "eminence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nodule"
}
],
"word": "tubercle"
}
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"ca:Plant anatomy",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"derived": [
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"word": "basal tubercle"
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{
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{
"word": "Darwin's tubercle"
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{
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{
"word": "intertubercle"
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{
"word": "Javan tubercle snake"
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{
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{
"word": "Montgomery's tubercle"
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{
"word": "olive tubercle"
},
{
"word": "pubic tubercle"
},
{
"word": "trituberculy"
},
{
"word": "tubercled"
},
{
"word": "tuberclelike"
},
{
"word": "tuberculoid"
},
{
"word": "tuberculosis"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la:tūberculum"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"hump, bump, swelling, protuberance; excrescence\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"tūber\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"alt\" : \"-culum\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-elós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-elos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-kelos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-culus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"diminutive suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"tūberculum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"tubercle\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"tubercle\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
"expansion": "D",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "Derived"
},
"expansion": "Derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "tūberculum",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin tūberculum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "tūberculum"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Latin tūberculum",
"name": "der+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Latin tūberculum. Compare tuber.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tubercles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tubercule",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuberculum",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tubercle (plural tubercles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"tu",
"ber",
"cle"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Anatomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the iliac tubercles"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
99,
108
]
],
"ref": "1869, Alfred Russel Wallace, The Malay Archipelago, volume II, London: Macmillan and Co., page 41:",
"text": "The four long white plumes which give the bird its altogether unique character, spring from little tubercles close to the upper edge of the shoulder or bend of the wing; they are narrow, gently curved, and equally webbed on both sides, of a pure creamy white colour.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth, especially those found on bones for the attachment of a muscle or ligament or small elevations on the surface of a tooth."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"bone",
"bone"
],
[
"muscle",
"muscle"
],
[
"ligament",
"ligament"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) A round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth, especially those found on bones for the attachment of a muscle or ligament or small elevations on the surface of a tooth."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"A small rounded wartlike protuberance of the roots of some leguminous plants; the lip of certain orchids, cacti."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"leguminous",
"leguminous"
],
[
"orchid",
"orchid"
],
[
"cacti",
"cactus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A small rounded wartlike protuberance of the roots of some leguminous plants; the lip of certain orchids, cacti."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Pathology"
],
"glosses": [
"A small rounded nodule forming the characteristic lesion of tuberculosis."
],
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"lesion",
"lesion"
],
[
"tuberculosis",
"tuberculosis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pathology) A small rounded nodule forming the characteristic lesion of tuberculosis."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "t(y)o͞o′bər-kəl"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt(j)uː.bə.kəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt(j)u.bəɹ.kəl/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tubercle.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-tubercle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-tubercle.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-tubercle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-tubercle.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt(j)ʉː.bə.kəl/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt(j)ʉ.bəɹ.kəl/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʈ(j)uː.bɜː(ɾ).kel/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʈ(j)uː.bəɾ.kel/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːbə(ɹ)kəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tuberosity"
},
{
"word": "eminence"
},
{
"word": "nodule"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubercle"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrbolek"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuberkel"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"word": "nysty"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"word": "tuberkkeli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "on tooth",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"translation": "on tooth",
"word": "nystermä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tuberkel"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tūberculum"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guzek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubérculo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "round nodule on a bone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubérculo"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "palarik",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"word": "պալարիկ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubercle"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "git³ zit³",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"word": "結節 /结节"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "jíejíe",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"word": "結節 /结节"
},
{
"code": "nan",
"lang": "Min Nan Chinese",
"lang_code": "nan",
"roman": "kiat-chiat",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"word": "結節 /结节"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"word": "nystyrä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"word": "juurinystyrä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubercule"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"word": "tuberkulo"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tūberculum"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guzek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubérculo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubérculo"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants",
"word": "litbusngi"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "palar",
"sense": "characteristic lesion of tuberculosis",
"word": "պալար"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "characteristic lesion of tuberculosis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuberkel"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "characteristic lesion of tuberculosis",
"word": "tuberkkeli"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "characteristic lesion of tuberculosis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tuberkel"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "characteristic lesion of tuberculosis",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tūberculum"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "characteristic lesion of tuberculosis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guzek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "characteristic lesion of tuberculosis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubérculo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "characteristic lesion of tuberculosis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tubérculo"
}
],
"word": "tubercle"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tubercle meaning in English (11.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.