See swain in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "boatswain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "coxswain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "swaining"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "swainling"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "swayn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swayn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sweġen"
},
"expansion": "Old English sweġen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "sveinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse sveinn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swainaz",
"t": "relative, young man, servant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swainaz (“relative, young man, servant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swé",
"t": "oneself; separate; apart"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself; separate; apart”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "svend",
"t": "hireling, young man"
},
"expansion": "Danish svend (“hireling, young man”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "svein",
"t": "lad, young man, servant"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian svein (“lad, young man, servant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "sveinn",
"t": "boy, lad, servant"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic sveinn (“boy, lad, servant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sven",
"t": "swain, servant"
},
"expansion": "Swedish sven (“swain, servant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Sween"
},
"expansion": "Low German Sween",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schwein"
},
"expansion": "German Schwein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swān",
"t": "swineherd, lad"
},
"expansion": "Old English swān (“swineherd, lad”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English swayn, swain, sweyn, swein, from Old English sweġen (attested also as personal name Swein, Sweġen), from Old Norse sveinn, from Proto-Germanic *swainaz (“relative, young man, servant”), from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself; separate; apart”), thus properly one's own.\nCognate with Danish svend (“hireling, young man”), Norwegian svein (“lad, young man, servant”) Icelandic sveinn (“boy, lad, servant”), Swedish sven (“swain, servant”), Low German Sween, dialectal German Schwein, Old English swān (“swineherd, lad”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "swain (plural swains)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 12 39 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A young man or boy in service; a servant."
],
"id": "en-swain-en-noun-mP3YFcEO",
"links": [
[
"service",
"service"
],
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A young man or boy in service; a servant."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "67 17 9 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "momǎk",
"sense": "young man or boy, young shepherd, young attendant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "момък"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 17 9 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "young man or boy, young shepherd, young attendant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "panoš"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 17 9 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "young man or boy, young shepherd, young attendant",
"word": "giermek"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 17 9 7",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "young man or boy, young shepherd, young attendant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "panoš"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 17 9 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "young man or boy, young shepherd, young attendant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zagal"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 12 39 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A knight's servant; an attendant."
],
"id": "en-swain-en-noun-VvTblAp8",
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"attendant",
"attendant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A knight's servant; an attendant."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 19 52 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 62 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 57 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 8 82 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 20 55 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 12 39 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 54 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 23 51 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 79 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:",
"text": "theſe that ſeeme but ſilly country Swaines,\nMay haue the leading of so great an hoſte,\nAs with their waight ſhal make the mountains quake.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A country labourer; a countryman, a rustic."
],
"id": "en-swain-en-noun-lvqph2oQ",
"links": [
[
"labourer",
"labourer"
],
[
"countryman",
"countryman"
],
[
"rustic",
"rustic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A country labourer; a countryman, a rustic."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1722, Matthew Prior, “Chanson Francoise. Translated”, in H. Bunker Wright, Monroe K. Spears, editors, The Literary Works of Matthew Prior, Second edition, volume I, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1971, page 687:",
"text": "Why thus from the Plain does my Shepherdess rove\nForsaking Her Swain and neglecting his love?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016 Zack Woods (as Donald \"Jared\" Dunn), \"Founder Friendly\", Silicon Valley episode 19",
"text": "You're the belle of the ball, and these are all your swains, hoping for a glimpse of ankle."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rural lover; a male sweetheart in a pastoral setting."
],
"id": "en-swain-en-noun-SnJ~o3pI",
"links": [
[
"lover",
"lover"
],
[
"sweetheart",
"sweetheart"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) A rural lover; a male sweetheart in a pastoral setting."
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sweɪn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-swain.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-swain.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-swain.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-swain.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-swain.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "swaine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "swein"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "53 0 0 47",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sweetheart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nápadník"
}
],
"word": "swain"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "boatswain"
},
{
"word": "coxswain"
},
{
"word": "swaining"
},
{
"word": "swainling"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "swayn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swayn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sweġen"
},
"expansion": "Old English sweġen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "sveinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse sveinn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swainaz",
"t": "relative, young man, servant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swainaz (“relative, young man, servant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swé",
"t": "oneself; separate; apart"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself; separate; apart”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "svend",
"t": "hireling, young man"
},
"expansion": "Danish svend (“hireling, young man”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "svein",
"t": "lad, young man, servant"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian svein (“lad, young man, servant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "sveinn",
"t": "boy, lad, servant"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic sveinn (“boy, lad, servant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sven",
"t": "swain, servant"
},
"expansion": "Swedish sven (“swain, servant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Sween"
},
"expansion": "Low German Sween",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schwein"
},
"expansion": "German Schwein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swān",
"t": "swineherd, lad"
},
"expansion": "Old English swān (“swineherd, lad”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English swayn, swain, sweyn, swein, from Old English sweġen (attested also as personal name Swein, Sweġen), from Old Norse sveinn, from Proto-Germanic *swainaz (“relative, young man, servant”), from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself; separate; apart”), thus properly one's own.\nCognate with Danish svend (“hireling, young man”), Norwegian svein (“lad, young man, servant”) Icelandic sveinn (“boy, lad, servant”), Swedish sven (“swain, servant”), Low German Sween, dialectal German Schwein, Old English swān (“swineherd, lad”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "swain (plural swains)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A young man or boy in service; a servant."
],
"links": [
[
"service",
"service"
],
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A young man or boy in service; a servant."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A knight's servant; an attendant."
],
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"attendant",
"attendant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A knight's servant; an attendant."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:",
"text": "theſe that ſeeme but ſilly country Swaines,\nMay haue the leading of so great an hoſte,\nAs with their waight ſhal make the mountains quake.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A country labourer; a countryman, a rustic."
],
"links": [
[
"labourer",
"labourer"
],
[
"countryman",
"countryman"
],
[
"rustic",
"rustic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A country labourer; a countryman, a rustic."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English poetic terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1722, Matthew Prior, “Chanson Francoise. Translated”, in H. Bunker Wright, Monroe K. Spears, editors, The Literary Works of Matthew Prior, Second edition, volume I, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1971, page 687:",
"text": "Why thus from the Plain does my Shepherdess rove\nForsaking Her Swain and neglecting his love?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016 Zack Woods (as Donald \"Jared\" Dunn), \"Founder Friendly\", Silicon Valley episode 19",
"text": "You're the belle of the ball, and these are all your swains, hoping for a glimpse of ankle."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rural lover; a male sweetheart in a pastoral setting."
],
"links": [
[
"lover",
"lover"
],
[
"sweetheart",
"sweetheart"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) A rural lover; a male sweetheart in a pastoral setting."
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sweɪn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-swain.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-swain.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-swain.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-swain.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-swain.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "swaine"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "swein"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "momǎk",
"sense": "young man or boy, young shepherd, young attendant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "момък"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "young man or boy, young shepherd, young attendant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "panoš"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "young man or boy, young shepherd, young attendant",
"word": "giermek"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "young man or boy, young shepherd, young attendant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "panoš"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "young man or boy, young shepherd, young attendant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zagal"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sweetheart",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nápadník"
}
],
"word": "swain"
}
Download raw JSONL data for swain meaning in English (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.