"stagflation" meaning in English

See stagflation in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˌstæɡˈfleɪʃn̩/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˌstæɡˈfleɪʃ(ə)n/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stagflation.wav Forms: stagflations [plural]
Rhymes: -eɪʃən Etymology: Blend of stagnation + inflation, generally thought to have been coined by the British politician Iain Macleod (1913–1970) in a 17 November 1965 parliamentary speech: see the quotation. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*steh₂g-|*bʰleh₁-|id2=blow}}, {{blend|en|stagnation|inflation}} Blend of stagnation + inflation, {{coinage|en|Iain Macleod|nat=the British|nobycat=1|nocap=1|occ=politician}} coined by the British politician Iain Macleod Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} stagflation (countable and uncountable, plural stagflations)
  1. (economics) Prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth, often with recession and high unemployment. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Economics Derived forms: stagflationary Related terms: agflation Translations (prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth): رُكُود تَضَخُّمِي (rukūd taḍaḵḵumī) (Arabic), ստագֆլյացիա (stagflyacʻia) (Armenian), staqflyasiya (Azerbaijani), estanflazio [feminine] (Basque), стагфлация (stagflacija) [feminine] (Bulgarian), estagflació [feminine] (Catalan), 停滯性通貨膨脹 (Chinese Mandarin), 停滞性通货膨胀 (tíngzhìxìng tōnghuò péngzhàng) (Chinese Mandarin), 滯漲 (Chinese Mandarin), 滞涨 (zhìzhàng) (Chinese Mandarin), stagflace [feminine] (Czech), stagflation (Danish), stagflatie [feminine] (Dutch), stagflacio (Esperanto), stagflatsioon (Estonian), stagflaatio (Finnish), stagflation [feminine] (French), estanflación [feminine] (Galician), Stagflation [feminine] (German), στασιμοπληθωρισμός (stasimoplithorismós) [masculine] (Greek), סטגפלציה [feminine] (Hebrew), मुद्रास्फीतिजनित मंदी (mudrāsphītijnit mandī) (Hindi), stagfláció (Hungarian), stagflasi (Indonesian), marbh-bhoilsciú (Irish), stagflazione [feminine] (Italian), スタグフレーション (sutagufurēshiyon) (Japanese), стагфляция (stagfläsiä) (Kazakh), 스태그플레이션 (seutaegeupeulleisyeon) (Korean), stagflācija [feminine] (Latvian), stagfliacija [feminine] (Lithuanian), стагфлација (stagflacija) (Macedonian), stagflasi (Malay), stagflasjon [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), stagflasjon [masculine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), رکود تورمی (Persian), stagflacja [feminine] (Polish), estagflação [feminine] (Portuguese), stagflație [feminine] (Romanian), стагфляция (stagfljacija) [feminine] (Russian), стагфла́ција [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), stagflácija [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), stagflácia [feminine] (Slovak), stagflacija [feminine] (Slovene), estanflación [feminine] (Spanish), stagflation [common-gender] (Swedish), stagflasyon (Turkish), стагфляція (stahfljacija) [feminine] (Ukrainian), đình lạm (Vietnamese)
    Sense id: en-stagflation-en-noun-m~d7BS0n Categories (other): English blends, English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Azerbaijani translations, Terms with Basque translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Estonian translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Hindi translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Kazakh translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Latvian translations, Terms with Lithuanian translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Malay translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Slovak translations, Terms with Slovene translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations, Terms with Vietnamese translations Topics: economics, sciences

Inflected forms

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      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "stagflationary"
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      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1965 November 17, Iain Macleod, “Economic Affairs”, in Parliamentary Debates (Hansard): House of Commons Official Report (House of Commons of the United Kingdom), volume 720, London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-04-27, column 1165:",
          "text": "We now have the worst of both worlds—not just inflation on the one side or stagnation on the other, but both of them together. We have a sort of \"stagflation\" situation and history in modern terms is indeed being made. There is another point behind the figures. As I say, production has fallen by 1 per cent. or ½ per cent.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1982, Mancur Olson, “The Questions, and the Standards a Satisfactory Answer Must Meet”, in The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation, and Social Rigidities, New Haven, Conn.] London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 8:",
          "text": "As soon as we understand how involuntary unemployment can result from rational and well-informed individual behavior, it also becomes obvious how inflation and unemployment—which we once thought could not occur simultaneously—can be combined, as they have been in the recent stagflation.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1995, Anthony S. Campagna, “Conclusions and Legacy”, in Economic Policy in the Carter Administration (Contributions in Economics and Economic History; no. 171), Westport, Conn.; London: Greenwood Press, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 204:",
          "text": "Since no one had the solutions to stagflation, [Jimmy] Carter, a fiscal conservative from the beginning, was thrown back to his personal bias and chose to elevate inflation to the nation's most pressing problem. […] More radical solutions to stagflation, such as direct wage and price controls or voluntary wage freezes to halt the wage/price spiral, were not thought to be socially acceptable. So, in the end the administration acquiesced to monetary stringency and watched its tenure recede.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, George R. Tyler, “Facing Reality”, in What Went Wrong: How the 1% Hijacked the American Middle Class … and What Other Countries Got Right, Dallas, Tex.: BenBella Books, →ISBN, section 1 (The Beginning), page 4:",
          "text": "Moving into the mid-1970s, America's economic performance suffered. Stagflation—inflation combined with minimal economic growth—eroded wages and profits, weakening business and consumer confidence.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2023 June 17, Chris Giles, Delphine Strauss, “Britain’s economic malaise”, in Roula Khalaf, editor, FT Weekend, London: Financial Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-06-21, page 6:",
          "text": "The UK economy is suffering a nasty bout of stagflation and the prospects appear poor. That is the conclusion financial markets drew this week from yet more disappointing data, highlighting the weakness of the post-Covid economy and the persistence of high inflation.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2023 December 11, Anna-Louise Jackson, “Is the U.S. Economy Heading For Stagflation?”, in Benjamin Curry, editor, Forbes, New York, N.Y.: Forbes, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-02-21:",
          "text": "Stagflation is a period of stagnant economic growth accompanied by persistently high inflation and a sharp rise in unemployment. While stagflation is quite rare—the U.S. has only experienced one sustained period of stagflation in recent history, in the 1970s—it’s become a more frequent topic of speculation. While it's unlikely that the U.S. economy is headed for another bout of stagflation, it's important to contextualize what's happening with the prominent episode of stagflation in the 1970s. […] Stagflation refers to an economy characterized by high inflation, low economic growth and high unemployment.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2024 October 30, Laurent Belsie, “Surprisingly, Wall Street doesn’t seem to care who gets elected. So far, at least.”, in The Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Mass.: Christian Science Publishing Society, →ISSN, →OCLC:",
          "text": "\"[Donald Trump's tariff proposal] is a prescription for the mother of all stagflations,” Larry Summers, Treasury secretary during the [Bill] Clinton administration, told Bloomberg TV back in June.",
          "type": "quote"
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      "glosses": [
        "Prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth, often with recession and high unemployment."
      ],
      "id": "en-stagflation-en-noun-m~d7BS0n",
      "links": [
        [
          "economics",
          "economics"
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        [
          "Prolonged",
          "prolonged#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "high",
          "high#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "inflation",
          "inflation"
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        [
          "accompanied",
          "accompany"
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        [
          "stagnant",
          "stagnant"
        ],
        [
          "growth",
          "growth"
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          "recession"
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          "unemployment",
          "unemployment"
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(economics) Prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth, often with recession and high unemployment."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "agflation"
        }
      ],
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      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "rukūd taḍaḵḵumī",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "رُكُود تَضَخُّمِي"
        },
        {
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "stagflyacʻia",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "ստագֆլյացիա"
        },
        {
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "staqflyasiya"
        },
        {
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "estanflazio"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "stagflacija",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "стагфлация"
        },
        {
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "estagflació"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "停滯性通貨膨脹"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "tíngzhìxìng tōnghuò péngzhàng",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "停滞性通货膨胀"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "滯漲"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "zhìzhàng",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "滞涨"
        },
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stagflace"
        },
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "stagflation"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stagflatie"
        },
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "stagflacio"
        },
        {
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "stagflatsioon"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "stagflaatio"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stagflation"
        },
        {
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "estanflación"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Stagflation"
        },
        {
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "stasimoplithorismós",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "στασιμοπληθωρισμός"
        },
        {
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "סטגפלציה"
        },
        {
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "mudrāsphītijnit mandī",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "मुद्रास्फीतिजनित मंदी"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "stagfláció"
        },
        {
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "stagflasi"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "marbh-bhoilsciú"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stagflazione"
        },
        {
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "sutagufurēshiyon",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "スタグフレーション"
        },
        {
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "stagfläsiä",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "стагфляция"
        },
        {
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "seutaegeupeulleisyeon",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "스태그플레이션"
        },
        {
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stagflācija"
        },
        {
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stagfliacija"
        },
        {
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "stagflacija",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "стагфлација"
        },
        {
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "stagflasi"
        },
        {
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "stagflasjon"
        },
        {
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "stagflasjon"
        },
        {
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "رکود تورمی"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stagflacja"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "estagflação"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stagflație"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "stagfljacija",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "стагфляция"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "стагфла́ција"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stagflácija"
        },
        {
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stagflácia"
        },
        {
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stagflacija"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "estanflación"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "stagflation"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "stagflasyon"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "stahfljacija",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "стагфляція"
        },
        {
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
          "word": "đình lạm"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌstæɡˈfleɪʃn̩/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stagflation.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stagflation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stagflation.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stagflation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stagflation.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌstæɡˈfleɪʃ(ə)n/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
    }
  ],
  "word": "stagflation"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "stagflationary"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "стагфляция",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: стагфляция (stagfljacija)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: стагфляция (stagfljacija)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*steh₂g-",
        "4": "*bʰleh₁-",
        "id2": "blow"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "stagnation",
        "3": "inflation"
      },
      "expansion": "Blend of stagnation + inflation",
      "name": "blend"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Iain Macleod",
        "nat": "the British",
        "nobycat": "1",
        "nocap": "1",
        "occ": "politician"
      },
      "expansion": "coined by the British politician Iain Macleod",
      "name": "coinage"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Blend of stagnation + inflation, generally thought to have been coined by the British politician Iain Macleod (1913–1970) in a 17 November 1965 parliamentary speech: see the quotation.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "stagflations",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "stagflation (countable and uncountable, plural stagflations)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "stag‧flat‧ion"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "agflation"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English blends",
        "English coinages",
        "English countable nouns",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰleh₁- (blow)",
        "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂g-",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "Entries with translation boxes",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Requests for gender in Arabic entries",
        "Requests for gender in Danish entries",
        "Requests for gender in Hindi entries",
        "Requests for gender in Irish entries",
        "Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
        "Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/3 syllables",
        "Terms with Arabic translations",
        "Terms with Armenian translations",
        "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
        "Terms with Basque translations",
        "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
        "Terms with Catalan translations",
        "Terms with Czech translations",
        "Terms with Danish translations",
        "Terms with Dutch translations",
        "Terms with Esperanto translations",
        "Terms with Estonian translations",
        "Terms with Finnish translations",
        "Terms with French translations",
        "Terms with Galician translations",
        "Terms with German translations",
        "Terms with Greek translations",
        "Terms with Hebrew translations",
        "Terms with Hindi translations",
        "Terms with Hungarian translations",
        "Terms with Indonesian translations",
        "Terms with Irish translations",
        "Terms with Italian translations",
        "Terms with Japanese translations",
        "Terms with Kazakh translations",
        "Terms with Korean translations",
        "Terms with Latvian translations",
        "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
        "Terms with Macedonian translations",
        "Terms with Malay translations",
        "Terms with Mandarin translations",
        "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
        "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
        "Terms with Persian translations",
        "Terms with Polish translations",
        "Terms with Portuguese translations",
        "Terms with Romanian translations",
        "Terms with Russian translations",
        "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
        "Terms with Slovak translations",
        "Terms with Slovene translations",
        "Terms with Spanish translations",
        "Terms with Swedish translations",
        "Terms with Turkish translations",
        "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
        "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
        "en:Economics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1965 November 17, Iain Macleod, “Economic Affairs”, in Parliamentary Debates (Hansard): House of Commons Official Report (House of Commons of the United Kingdom), volume 720, London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-04-27, column 1165:",
          "text": "We now have the worst of both worlds—not just inflation on the one side or stagnation on the other, but both of them together. We have a sort of \"stagflation\" situation and history in modern terms is indeed being made. There is another point behind the figures. As I say, production has fallen by 1 per cent. or ½ per cent.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1982, Mancur Olson, “The Questions, and the Standards a Satisfactory Answer Must Meet”, in The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation, and Social Rigidities, New Haven, Conn.] London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 8:",
          "text": "As soon as we understand how involuntary unemployment can result from rational and well-informed individual behavior, it also becomes obvious how inflation and unemployment—which we once thought could not occur simultaneously—can be combined, as they have been in the recent stagflation.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1995, Anthony S. Campagna, “Conclusions and Legacy”, in Economic Policy in the Carter Administration (Contributions in Economics and Economic History; no. 171), Westport, Conn.; London: Greenwood Press, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 204:",
          "text": "Since no one had the solutions to stagflation, [Jimmy] Carter, a fiscal conservative from the beginning, was thrown back to his personal bias and chose to elevate inflation to the nation's most pressing problem. […] More radical solutions to stagflation, such as direct wage and price controls or voluntary wage freezes to halt the wage/price spiral, were not thought to be socially acceptable. So, in the end the administration acquiesced to monetary stringency and watched its tenure recede.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, George R. Tyler, “Facing Reality”, in What Went Wrong: How the 1% Hijacked the American Middle Class … and What Other Countries Got Right, Dallas, Tex.: BenBella Books, →ISBN, section 1 (The Beginning), page 4:",
          "text": "Moving into the mid-1970s, America's economic performance suffered. Stagflation—inflation combined with minimal economic growth—eroded wages and profits, weakening business and consumer confidence.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2023 June 17, Chris Giles, Delphine Strauss, “Britain’s economic malaise”, in Roula Khalaf, editor, FT Weekend, London: Financial Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-06-21, page 6:",
          "text": "The UK economy is suffering a nasty bout of stagflation and the prospects appear poor. That is the conclusion financial markets drew this week from yet more disappointing data, highlighting the weakness of the post-Covid economy and the persistence of high inflation.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2023 December 11, Anna-Louise Jackson, “Is the U.S. Economy Heading For Stagflation?”, in Benjamin Curry, editor, Forbes, New York, N.Y.: Forbes, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-02-21:",
          "text": "Stagflation is a period of stagnant economic growth accompanied by persistently high inflation and a sharp rise in unemployment. While stagflation is quite rare—the U.S. has only experienced one sustained period of stagflation in recent history, in the 1970s—it’s become a more frequent topic of speculation. While it's unlikely that the U.S. economy is headed for another bout of stagflation, it's important to contextualize what's happening with the prominent episode of stagflation in the 1970s. […] Stagflation refers to an economy characterized by high inflation, low economic growth and high unemployment.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2024 October 30, Laurent Belsie, “Surprisingly, Wall Street doesn’t seem to care who gets elected. So far, at least.”, in The Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Mass.: Christian Science Publishing Society, →ISSN, →OCLC:",
          "text": "\"[Donald Trump's tariff proposal] is a prescription for the mother of all stagflations,” Larry Summers, Treasury secretary during the [Bill] Clinton administration, told Bloomberg TV back in June.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth, often with recession and high unemployment."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "economics",
          "economics"
        ],
        [
          "Prolonged",
          "prolonged#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "high",
          "high#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "inflation",
          "inflation"
        ],
        [
          "accompanied",
          "accompany"
        ],
        [
          "stagnant",
          "stagnant"
        ],
        [
          "growth",
          "growth"
        ],
        [
          "recession",
          "recession"
        ],
        [
          "unemployment",
          "unemployment"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(economics) Prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth, often with recession and high unemployment."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "economics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌstæɡˈfleɪʃn̩/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stagflation.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stagflation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stagflation.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stagflation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stagflation.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌstæɡˈfleɪʃ(ə)n/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "rukūd taḍaḵḵumī",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "رُكُود تَضَخُّمِي"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "stagflyacʻia",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "ստագֆլյացիա"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "staqflyasiya"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "estanflazio"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "stagflacija",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "стагфлация"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "estagflació"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "停滯性通貨膨脹"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "tíngzhìxìng tōnghuò péngzhàng",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "停滞性通货膨胀"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "滯漲"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "zhìzhàng",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "滞涨"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stagflace"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "stagflation"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stagflatie"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "stagflacio"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "stagflatsioon"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "stagflaatio"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stagflation"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "estanflación"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Stagflation"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "stasimoplithorismós",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "στασιμοπληθωρισμός"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "סטגפלציה"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "mudrāsphītijnit mandī",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "मुद्रास्फीतिजनित मंदी"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "stagfláció"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "stagflasi"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "marbh-bhoilsciú"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stagflazione"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "sutagufurēshiyon",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "スタグフレーション"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "stagfläsiä",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "стагфляция"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "seutaegeupeulleisyeon",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "스태그플레이션"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stagflācija"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stagfliacija"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "stagflacija",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "стагфлација"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "stagflasi"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "stagflasjon"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "stagflasjon"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "رکود تورمی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stagflacja"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "estagflação"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stagflație"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "stagfljacija",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "стагфляция"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "стагфла́ција"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stagflácija"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stagflácia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stagflacija"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "estanflación"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "stagflation"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "stagflasyon"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "stahfljacija",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "стагфляція"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth",
      "word": "đình lạm"
    }
  ],
  "word": "stagflation"
}

Download raw JSONL data for stagflation meaning in English (16.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.