"spurge" meaning in English

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Allegheny spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Pachysandra procumbens",
      "word": "Allegheny mountain spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Amperea xiphoclada",
      "word": "broom spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia lathyris",
      "word": "caper spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia misera",
      "word": "cliff spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia misera",
      "word": "coast spurge}"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia myrsinites",
      "word": "creeping spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia epithymoides",
      "word": "cushion spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia cyparissias",
      "word": "cypress spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia exigua",
      "word": "dwarf spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia corollata",
      "word": "flowering spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia purpurea",
      "word": "glade spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia rigida",
      "word": "gopher spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia cyparissias",
      "word": "graveyard spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia esula",
      "word": "green spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia gregersenii",
      "word": "Gregersen's spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia griffithii",
      "word": "Griffith's spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia hirsuta",
      "word": "hairy spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Tetracoccus hallii",
      "word": "Hall's shrubby spurge)"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia neriifolia",
      "word": "Indian spurge tree"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia tirucalli",
      "word": "Indian tree spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia ipecacuanhae",
      "word": "ipecac spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Pachysandra terminalis",
      "word": "Japanese spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia polygonifolia",
      "word": "knotweed spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "leaf spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia esula",
      "word": "leafy spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia characias",
      "word": "Mediterranean spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia lactea",
      "word": "mottled spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia lathyris",
      "word": "myrtle spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Jatropha spp.",
      "word": "nettlespurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia heterophylla",
      "word": "painted spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia lathyris",
      "word": "paper spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia pekinensis",
      "word": "Peking spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia peplus",
      "word": "petty spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia pilulifera",
      "word": "pill-bearing spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "alt": "Chamaesyce nuttallii",
      "word": "prairie spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia maculata",
      "word": "prostrate spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia purpurea",
      "word": "purple spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "red spurge Euphorbia cotinifolia)"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia resinifera",
      "word": "resin spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia psammogeton",
      "word": "sand spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia serrata",
      "word": "sawtooth spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia polygonifolia",
      "word": "seaside spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia paralias",
      "word": "sea spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia serrata",
      "word": "serrated spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia polygonifolia",
      "word": "shore spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia rigida",
      "word": "silver spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia tithymaloides",
      "word": "slipper spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia maculata",
      "word": "spotted spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Daphne laureola",
      "word": "spurge daphne"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Thymelaea passerina",
      "word": "spurge flax"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Hyles euphorbiae",
      "word": "spurge hawk-moth"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Daphne laureola",
      "word": "spurge laurel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Cnidoscolus stimulosus",
      "word": "spurge nettle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Cneorum tricoccon",
      "word": "spurge olive"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia maculata",
      "word": "stubble spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia helioscopia",
      "word": "sun spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia dentata",
      "word": "toothed spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia corollata",
      "word": "tramp's spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia dendroides",
      "word": "tree spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia rigida",
      "word": "upright myrtle spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia marginata",
      "word": "variegated spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia helioscopia",
      "word": "wart spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia marginata",
      "word": "white-margined spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia corollata",
      "word": "wild spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia amygdaloides",
      "word": "wood spurge"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pewH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "enm>spurge>Euphorbia",
        "id": "Euphorbia",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nOld French espurgebor.\nMiddle English spurge\nEnglish spurge",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "spurge",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English spurge",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "spurge"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English spurge",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "espurge"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French espurge",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "expurgo",
        "4": "",
        "5": "I purge"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin expurgo (“I purge”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nOld French espurgebor.\nMiddle English spurge\nEnglish spurge\nInherited from Middle English spurge, from Old French espurge, from espurgier (“to purge”), from Latin expurgo (“I purge”); the bitter milky sap of these plants was formerly used as a purgative.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "spurges",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "spurge (usually uncountable, plural spurges)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "malvid"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "fabid"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "rosid"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "eudicot"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "angiosperm"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tracheophyte"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "plant"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia horrida",
      "word": "African milk barrel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "African milk tree"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia trigona",
      "word": "cathedral cactus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia hirta",
      "word": "asthma-plant"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia obesa",
      "word": "baseball plant"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "candelabra tree"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia antisyphilitica",
      "word": "candelilla"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "caper spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "gopher spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia lathyris",
      "word": "paper spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cliff spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia misera",
      "word": "coast spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "crown of thorns"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia milii",
      "word": "Christ plant"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia epithymoides",
      "word": "cushion spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia cyparissias",
      "word": "cypress spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "devil's backbone"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia tithymaloides",
      "word": "redbird cactus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "dwarf poinsettia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "fire-on-the-mountain"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia cyathophora",
      "word": "wild poinsettia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "glade spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia purpurea",
      "word": "purple spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia rigida",
      "word": "upright myrtle spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia gregersenii",
      "word": "Gregersen's spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia griffithii",
      "word": "Griffith's spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "leafy spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia esula",
      "word": "green spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia neriifolia",
      "word": "Indian spurge tree"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Indian tree spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia tirucalli",
      "word": "milk bush"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia caducifolia",
      "word": "leafless milk hedge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia nivulia",
      "word": "leafy milk hedge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia leuconeura",
      "word": "Madagascar jewel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia characias",
      "word": "Mediterranean spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia caput-medusae",
      "word": "Medusa's head"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "mottled spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "frilled fan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia lactea",
      "word": "elkhorn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "myrtle spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia myrsinites",
      "word": "creeping spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "painted spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "painted euphorbia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia heterophylla",
      "word": "Mexican fireplant"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia peplus",
      "word": "petty spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia pekinensis",
      "word": "Peking spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia tirucalli",
      "word": "pencil tree"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "poinsettia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia pulcherrima",
      "word": "painted leaf"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia peplis",
      "word": "purple spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "rattlesnake weed"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia albomarginata",
      "word": "white-margined sandmat"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia cotinifolia",
      "word": "red spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia resinifera",
      "word": "resin spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia psammogeton",
      "word": "sand spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia fulgens",
      "word": "scarlet plume"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia paralias",
      "word": "sea spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "serrated spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia serrata",
      "word": "sawtooth spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "spotted spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia maculata",
      "word": "prostrate spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia helioscopia",
      "word": "sun spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia dendroides",
      "word": "tree spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "variegated spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "white-margined spurge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "snow-on-the-mountain"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia marginata",
      "word": "smoke-on-the-prairie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia amygdaloides",
      "word": "wood spurge"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
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        {
          "_dis": "54 21 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Galician translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 21 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 21 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 16 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 21 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Irish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 21 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 21 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 21 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Laz translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 21 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 21 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 17 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 21 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 22 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mingrelian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 21 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Persian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 19 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 20 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 21 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 22 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 21 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 21 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 21 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 22 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Svan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 22 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 21 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 22 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 21 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 22 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Xhosa translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 20 27 5",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Spurges",
          "orig": "en:Spurges",
          "parents": [
            "Malpighiales order plants",
            "Plants",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section X:",
          "text": "But cockle, spurge, according to their law / Might propagate their kind, with none to awe, / You'd think; a burr had been a treasure trove.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any plant of the genus Euphorbia, a diverse genus of over 2,000 species."
      ],
      "id": "en-spurge-en-noun-4vIVFZ4W",
      "links": [
        [
          "plant",
          "plant"
        ],
        [
          "Euphorbia",
          "Euphorbia#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "išakatʻnuk",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "իշակաթնուկ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "bbl",
          "lang": "Bats",
          "roman": "matxẽ",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "მათხეჼ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "mlečka",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "млечка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "lleteresa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "lletera"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "dàjǐ",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "大戟"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "vortemælk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "wolfsmelk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "tyräkki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "euphorbe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "épurge"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "surbia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "rʒiana",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "რძიანა"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Wolfsmilch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "tithúmallos",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "τιθύμαλλος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "kutyatej"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bainne caoin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "buí na n-iníon"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "buí na mbáb"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "spuirse"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "euforbia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "alt": "とうだいぐさ",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "tōdaigusa",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "灯台草"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "yūforubia",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "ユーフォルビア"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "lzz",
          "lang": "Laz",
          "roman": "mjaila",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "მჟაილა"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "mlečka",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "млечка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "mlečajka",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "млечајка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "enm",
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "spurge"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "xmf",
          "lang": "Mingrelian",
          "roman": "mabžalia",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "მაბჟალია"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "šebram",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "شبرم"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "wilczomlecz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "eufórbio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "aior"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "alior"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "moločáj",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "молоча́й"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "spuirse"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mlječika"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "dsb",
          "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "wjelceńc"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "hsb",
          "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "mlóčeń"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "euforbio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "lechetrezna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "sva",
          "lang": "Svan",
          "roman": "mələǯōl",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "მჷლჷჯო̄ლ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "sw",
          "lang": "Swahili",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "mkweche"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "törel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "llaethlys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "xh",
          "lang": "Xhosa",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "intsema"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 14 33",
          "code": "xh",
          "lang": "Xhosa",
          "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
          "word": "umhlontlo"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any plant of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae."
      ],
      "id": "en-spurge-en-noun-QXbTqsEc",
      "links": [
        [
          "Euphorbiaceae",
          "Euphorbiaceae#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "euphorbia"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A plant resembling those in genus Euphorbia in some aspect of its appearance."
      ],
      "id": "en-spurge-en-noun-fX7~bQZh",
      "links": [
        [
          "Euphorbia",
          "Euphorbia#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/spɝd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/spɜːd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-spurge.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spurge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spurge.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spurge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spurge.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)dʒ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spurge"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain, but likely closely related to etymology 1, thus a doublet of purge.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "spurges",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spurging",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spurged",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spurged",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "spurge (third-person singular simple present spurges, present participle spurging, simple past and past participle spurged)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1661, W. Cartwright, Siedge:",
          "text": "The body's somthing noysome: 'tis a stale one; / Good troth it spurgeth very monstrously.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To emit foam; to froth; said of the emission of yeast from beer during fermentation."
      ],
      "id": "en-spurge-en-verb-M1PTLGeK",
      "links": [
        [
          "froth",
          "froth"
        ],
        [
          "yeast",
          "yeast"
        ],
        [
          "beer",
          "beer"
        ],
        [
          "fermentation",
          "fermentation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To emit foam; to froth; said of the emission of yeast from beer during fermentation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "penja se",
          "sense": "of beer during fermentation: to emit foam",
          "word": "пеня се"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "of beer during fermentation: to emit foam",
          "word": "vaahdota"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/spɝd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/spɜːd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-spurge.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spurge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spurge.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spurge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spurge.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)dʒ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spurge"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pewH-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
    "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)dʒ",
    "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)dʒ/1 syllable",
    "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Bats translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Laz translations",
    "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Middle English translations",
    "Terms with Mingrelian translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Svan translations",
    "Terms with Swahili translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations",
    "Terms with Xhosa translations",
    "en:Spurges"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Allegheny spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Pachysandra procumbens",
      "word": "Allegheny mountain spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Amperea xiphoclada",
      "word": "broom spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia lathyris",
      "word": "caper spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia misera",
      "word": "cliff spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia misera",
      "word": "coast spurge}"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia myrsinites",
      "word": "creeping spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia epithymoides",
      "word": "cushion spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia cyparissias",
      "word": "cypress spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia exigua",
      "word": "dwarf spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia corollata",
      "word": "flowering spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia purpurea",
      "word": "glade spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia rigida",
      "word": "gopher spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia cyparissias",
      "word": "graveyard spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia esula",
      "word": "green spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia gregersenii",
      "word": "Gregersen's spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia griffithii",
      "word": "Griffith's spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia hirsuta",
      "word": "hairy spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Tetracoccus hallii",
      "word": "Hall's shrubby spurge)"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia neriifolia",
      "word": "Indian spurge tree"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia tirucalli",
      "word": "Indian tree spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia ipecacuanhae",
      "word": "ipecac spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Pachysandra terminalis",
      "word": "Japanese spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia polygonifolia",
      "word": "knotweed spurge"
    },
    {
      "word": "leaf spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia esula",
      "word": "leafy spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia characias",
      "word": "Mediterranean spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia lactea",
      "word": "mottled spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia lathyris",
      "word": "myrtle spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Jatropha spp.",
      "word": "nettlespurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia heterophylla",
      "word": "painted spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia lathyris",
      "word": "paper spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia pekinensis",
      "word": "Peking spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia peplus",
      "word": "petty spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia pilulifera",
      "word": "pill-bearing spurge"
    },
    {
      "alt": "Chamaesyce nuttallii",
      "word": "prairie spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia maculata",
      "word": "prostrate spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia purpurea",
      "word": "purple spurge"
    },
    {
      "word": "red spurge Euphorbia cotinifolia)"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia resinifera",
      "word": "resin spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia psammogeton",
      "word": "sand spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia serrata",
      "word": "sawtooth spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia polygonifolia",
      "word": "seaside spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia paralias",
      "word": "sea spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia serrata",
      "word": "serrated spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia polygonifolia",
      "word": "shore spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia rigida",
      "word": "silver spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia tithymaloides",
      "word": "slipper spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia maculata",
      "word": "spotted spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Daphne laureola",
      "word": "spurge daphne"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Thymelaea passerina",
      "word": "spurge flax"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Hyles euphorbiae",
      "word": "spurge hawk-moth"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Daphne laureola",
      "word": "spurge laurel"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Cnidoscolus stimulosus",
      "word": "spurge nettle"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Cneorum tricoccon",
      "word": "spurge olive"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia maculata",
      "word": "stubble spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia helioscopia",
      "word": "sun spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia dentata",
      "word": "toothed spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia corollata",
      "word": "tramp's spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia dendroides",
      "word": "tree spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia rigida",
      "word": "upright myrtle spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia marginata",
      "word": "variegated spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia helioscopia",
      "word": "wart spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia marginata",
      "word": "white-margined spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia corollata",
      "word": "wild spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia amygdaloides",
      "word": "wood spurge"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pewH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "enm>spurge>Euphorbia",
        "id": "Euphorbia",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nOld French espurgebor.\nMiddle English spurge\nEnglish spurge",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "spurge",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English spurge",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "spurge"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English spurge",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "espurge"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French espurge",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "expurgo",
        "4": "",
        "5": "I purge"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin expurgo (“I purge”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nOld French espurgebor.\nMiddle English spurge\nEnglish spurge\nInherited from Middle English spurge, from Old French espurge, from espurgier (“to purge”), from Latin expurgo (“I purge”); the bitter milky sap of these plants was formerly used as a purgative.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "spurges",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "spurge (usually uncountable, plural spurges)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "word": "malvid"
    },
    {
      "word": "fabid"
    },
    {
      "word": "rosid"
    },
    {
      "word": "eudicot"
    },
    {
      "word": "angiosperm"
    },
    {
      "word": "tracheophyte"
    },
    {
      "word": "plant"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia horrida",
      "word": "African milk barrel"
    },
    {
      "word": "African milk tree"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia trigona",
      "word": "cathedral cactus"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia hirta",
      "word": "asthma-plant"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia obesa",
      "word": "baseball plant"
    },
    {
      "word": "candelabra tree"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia antisyphilitica",
      "word": "candelilla"
    },
    {
      "word": "caper spurge"
    },
    {
      "word": "gopher spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia lathyris",
      "word": "paper spurge"
    },
    {
      "word": "cliff spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia misera",
      "word": "coast spurge"
    },
    {
      "word": "crown of thorns"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia milii",
      "word": "Christ plant"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia epithymoides",
      "word": "cushion spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia cyparissias",
      "word": "cypress spurge"
    },
    {
      "word": "devil's backbone"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia tithymaloides",
      "word": "redbird cactus"
    },
    {
      "word": "dwarf poinsettia"
    },
    {
      "word": "fire-on-the-mountain"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia cyathophora",
      "word": "wild poinsettia"
    },
    {
      "word": "glade spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia purpurea",
      "word": "purple spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia rigida",
      "word": "upright myrtle spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia gregersenii",
      "word": "Gregersen's spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia griffithii",
      "word": "Griffith's spurge"
    },
    {
      "word": "leafy spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia esula",
      "word": "green spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia neriifolia",
      "word": "Indian spurge tree"
    },
    {
      "word": "Indian tree spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia tirucalli",
      "word": "milk bush"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia caducifolia",
      "word": "leafless milk hedge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia nivulia",
      "word": "leafy milk hedge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia leuconeura",
      "word": "Madagascar jewel"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia characias",
      "word": "Mediterranean spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia caput-medusae",
      "word": "Medusa's head"
    },
    {
      "word": "mottled spurge"
    },
    {
      "word": "frilled fan"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia lactea",
      "word": "elkhorn"
    },
    {
      "word": "myrtle spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia myrsinites",
      "word": "creeping spurge"
    },
    {
      "word": "painted spurge"
    },
    {
      "word": "painted euphorbia"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia heterophylla",
      "word": "Mexican fireplant"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia peplus",
      "word": "petty spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia pekinensis",
      "word": "Peking spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia tirucalli",
      "word": "pencil tree"
    },
    {
      "word": "poinsettia"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia pulcherrima",
      "word": "painted leaf"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia peplis",
      "word": "purple spurge"
    },
    {
      "word": "rattlesnake weed"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia albomarginata",
      "word": "white-margined sandmat"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia cotinifolia",
      "word": "red spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia resinifera",
      "word": "resin spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia psammogeton",
      "word": "sand spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia fulgens",
      "word": "scarlet plume"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia paralias",
      "word": "sea spurge"
    },
    {
      "word": "serrated spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia serrata",
      "word": "sawtooth spurge"
    },
    {
      "word": "spotted spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia maculata",
      "word": "prostrate spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia helioscopia",
      "word": "sun spurge"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia dendroides",
      "word": "tree spurge"
    },
    {
      "word": "variegated spurge"
    },
    {
      "word": "white-margined spurge"
    },
    {
      "word": "snow-on-the-mountain"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia marginata",
      "word": "smoke-on-the-prairie"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Euphorbia amygdaloides",
      "word": "wood spurge"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section X:",
          "text": "But cockle, spurge, according to their law / Might propagate their kind, with none to awe, / You'd think; a burr had been a treasure trove.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any plant of the genus Euphorbia, a diverse genus of over 2,000 species."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plant",
          "plant"
        ],
        [
          "Euphorbia",
          "Euphorbia#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any plant of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Euphorbiaceae",
          "Euphorbiaceae#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "euphorbia"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A plant resembling those in genus Euphorbia in some aspect of its appearance."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Euphorbia",
          "Euphorbia#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/spɝd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/spɜːd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-spurge.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spurge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spurge.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spurge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spurge.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)dʒ"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "išakatʻnuk",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "իշակաթնուկ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bbl",
      "lang": "Bats",
      "roman": "matxẽ",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "მათხეჼ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "mlečka",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "млечка"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "lleteresa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "lletera"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "dàjǐ",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "大戟"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "vortemælk"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "wolfsmelk"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "tyräkki"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "euphorbe"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "épurge"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "surbia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "rʒiana",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "რძიანა"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Wolfsmilch"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "tithúmallos",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "τιθύμαλλος"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "kutyatej"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bainne caoin"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "buí na n-iníon"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "buí na mbáb"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "spuirse"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "euforbia"
    },
    {
      "alt": "とうだいぐさ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "tōdaigusa",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "灯台草"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "yūforubia",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "ユーフォルビア"
    },
    {
      "code": "lzz",
      "lang": "Laz",
      "roman": "mjaila",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "მჟაილა"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "mlečka",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "млечка"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "mlečajka",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "млечајка"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "spurge"
    },
    {
      "code": "xmf",
      "lang": "Mingrelian",
      "roman": "mabžalia",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "მაბჟალია"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "šebram",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "شبرم"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "wilczomlecz"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "eufórbio"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "aior"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "alior"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "moločáj",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "молоча́й"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "spuirse"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mlječika"
    },
    {
      "code": "dsb",
      "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "wjelceńc"
    },
    {
      "code": "hsb",
      "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "mlóčeń"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "euforbio"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "lechetrezna"
    },
    {
      "code": "sva",
      "lang": "Svan",
      "roman": "mələǯōl",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "მჷლჷჯო̄ლ"
    },
    {
      "code": "sw",
      "lang": "Swahili",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "mkweche"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "törel"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "llaethlys"
    },
    {
      "code": "xh",
      "lang": "Xhosa",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "intsema"
    },
    {
      "code": "xh",
      "lang": "Xhosa",
      "sense": "any plant of the genus Euphorbia",
      "word": "umhlontlo"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spurge"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)dʒ",
    "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)dʒ/1 syllable",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "en:Spurges"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain, but likely closely related to etymology 1, thus a doublet of purge.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "spurges",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spurging",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spurged",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spurged",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "spurge (third-person singular simple present spurges, present participle spurging, simple past and past participle spurged)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1661, W. Cartwright, Siedge:",
          "text": "The body's somthing noysome: 'tis a stale one; / Good troth it spurgeth very monstrously.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To emit foam; to froth; said of the emission of yeast from beer during fermentation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "froth",
          "froth"
        ],
        [
          "yeast",
          "yeast"
        ],
        [
          "beer",
          "beer"
        ],
        [
          "fermentation",
          "fermentation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To emit foam; to froth; said of the emission of yeast from beer during fermentation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/spɝd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/spɜːd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-spurge.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-spurge.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spurge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spurge.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spurge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-spurge.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)dʒ"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "penja se",
      "sense": "of beer during fermentation: to emit foam",
      "word": "пеня се"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "of beer during fermentation: to emit foam",
      "word": "vaahdota"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spurge"
}