"sommelier" meaning in English

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        "2": "fr",
        "3": "sommelier",
        "4": "",
        "5": "originally, a person in charge of the beasts of burden carrying wine"
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      "expansion": "French sommelier (“originally, a person in charge of the beasts of burden carrying wine”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
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      "args": {
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        "2": "somme",
        "3": "-ier",
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      "expansion": "somme (“pack”) + -ier (suffix forming the names of jobs)",
      "name": "af"
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        "2": "somme"
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        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*sauma"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *sauma",
      "name": "der"
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        "2": "la",
        "3": "sagma",
        "4": "",
        "5": "packsaddle"
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      "expansion": "Latin sagma (“packsaddle”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French sommelier (“originally, a person in charge of the beasts of burden carrying wine”), from somme (“pack”) + -ier (suffix forming the names of jobs). somme is from Vulgar Latin *sauma, from Latin sagma (“packsaddle”).",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "sommeliers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
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  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sommelier (plural sommeliers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
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  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "som‧mel‧i‧er"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
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          "_dis": "93 7",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Wine",
          "orig": "en:Wine",
          "parents": [
            "Alcoholic beverages",
            "Beverages",
            "Recreational drugs",
            "Drinking",
            "Food and drink",
            "Liquids",
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            "Sciences",
            "Biology"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "word": "sommeliere"
        },
        {
          "english": "female sommelier",
          "word": "sommelière"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The sommelier recommended the perfect wine, opened the bottle with panache, and served it into glasses.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Kathleen Thompson Hill, “Sommelier”, in Career Opportunities in the Food and Beverage Industry, New York, N.Y.: Ferguson, Infobase Publishing, page 44, column 1",
          "text": "A Sommelier or wine steward organizes a restaurant's entire wine program, from tasting to pairing of wines with foods the chef might prepare according to seasonal meat, seafood, and produce availability, to ordering and keeping inventory, staying on top of local, domestic, and foreign releases, and educating waitstaff about wines and their nuances. […] A Sommelier must make novice wine drinkers comfortable and explain wine complexities simply, while knowing wines well enough to satisfy the most demanding customer.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, Lisa Boalt Richardson, “Beyond the Cup: Pairing, Cooking, Cocktails, and More”, in Modern Tea: A Fresh Look at an Ancient Beverage, San Francisco, Calif.: Chronicle Books, page 115",
          "text": "There's a new kid on the block: the tea sommelier. […] In the Western world, the first acting tea sommelier on the scene was Helen Gustafson, although the title was never bestowed her. […] She stayed at the restaurant for twenty years, and although she did not have the formal title of tea sommelier—no one did at the time—many in the industry credit her with leading the charge that has resulted in fine-dining establishments improving their tea service.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2015, Nak-Eon Choi, Jung H. Han, “Technological Advancements Brought by the Love of Flavors”, in How Flavor Works: The Science of Taste and Aroma, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, page 122",
          "text": "The fMRI [functional magnetic resonance imaging] brain images of sommeliers show that their brains act very differently from ordinary brains when they taste wine. An Italian radiology research group (Castriota-Scanderbeg et al., 2005) showed activation of the cerebral network in the left insula and adjoining orbito-frontal cortex in sommeliers.",
          "type": "quotation"
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The member of staff at a restaurant who keeps the wine cellar and advises the guests on a choice of wines; a wine steward / stewardess, a wine waiter / waitress / server."
      ],
      "id": "en-sommelier-en-noun-EN4WmI6z",
      "links": [
        [
          "member",
          "member"
        ],
        [
          "staff",
          "staff"
        ],
        [
          "restaurant",
          "restaurant"
        ],
        [
          "wine cellar",
          "wine cellar"
        ],
        [
          "advise",
          "advise"
        ],
        [
          "guest",
          "guest"
        ],
        [
          "wine",
          "wine"
        ],
        [
          "steward",
          "steward"
        ],
        [
          "stewardess",
          "stewardess"
        ],
        [
          "waiter",
          "waiter"
        ],
        [
          "waitress",
          "waitress"
        ],
        [
          "server",
          "server"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "somm"
        },
        {
          "word": "wine server"
        },
        {
          "word": "wine steward"
        },
        {
          "word": "wine stewardess"
        },
        {
          "word": "wine waiter"
        },
        {
          "word": "wine waitress"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "somelie",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "word": "սոմելիե"
        },
        {
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sommelier"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "word": "侍酒師"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "shìjiǔshī",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "word": "侍酒师"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "wijnkelner"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sommelier"
        },
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "word": "someliero"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "word": "sommelieeri"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sommelier"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "sommelière"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Weinkellner"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Weinkellnerin"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Sommelier"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Sommelière"
        },
        {
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "oinochóos",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "οινοχόος"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "word": "sommelier"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "word": "sommelier"
        },
        {
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "somurie",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "word": "ソムリエ"
        },
        {
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "someullie",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "word": "소믈리에"
        },
        {
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "word": "kaihari waina"
        },
        {
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vinkelner"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kiper"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sommelier"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "escanção"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sommelier"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "somelier"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "somelʹjé",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "сомелье́"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sumiller"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "escanciador"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "sommelier"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "vinkypare"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "word": "şarap garsonu"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "somelʹjé",
          "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "сомельє́"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
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      "ipa": "/ˌsɒmˈmɛli.ə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌsɔːməlˈjeɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
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    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌsɔməlˈjeɪ/",
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      "tags": [
        "Australia"
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  "word": "sommelier"
}

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      "expansion": "French sommelier (“originally, a person in charge of the beasts of burden carrying wine”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "somme",
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      "expansion": "somme (“pack”) + -ier (suffix forming the names of jobs)",
      "name": "af"
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        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*sauma"
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      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *sauma",
      "name": "der"
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        "3": "sagma",
        "4": "",
        "5": "packsaddle"
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      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French sommelier (“originally, a person in charge of the beasts of burden carrying wine”), from somme (“pack”) + -ier (suffix forming the names of jobs). somme is from Vulgar Latin *sauma, from Latin sagma (“packsaddle”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sommeliers",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sommeliering",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sommeliered",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sommeliered",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
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      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sommelier (third-person singular simple present sommeliers, present participle sommeliering, simple past and past participle sommeliered)",
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    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "som‧mel‧i‧er"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1993, Hotel & Catering Review, volume 23, page 6",
          "text": "The final nerve-wracking task involved “sommeliering” throughout a gourmet lunch for judges and wine writers – and answering the tricky questions which were inevitably thrown their way.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To act as a sommelier."
      ],
      "id": "en-sommelier-en-verb-pWGgsUjD",
      "links": [
        [
          "sommelier",
          "sommelier#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To act as a sommelier."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
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      "ipa": "/ˌsɒmˈmɛli.ə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
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    {
      "ipa": "/ˌsɔːməlˈjeɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌsɔməlˈjeɪ/",
      "tags": [
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      "rhymes": "-eɪ"
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      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/En-au-sommelier.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
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    }
  ],
  "word": "sommelier"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
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    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
    "English terms suffixed with -er",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪ",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪ/3 syllables",
    "en:Occupations",
    "en:People",
    "en:Wine"
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  "coordinate_terms": [
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      "word": "sommeliere"
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      "english": "female sommelier",
      "word": "sommelière"
    }
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      "name": "bor"
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        "pos2": "suffix forming the names of jobs"
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      "expansion": "somme",
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*sauma"
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      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *sauma",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "sagma",
        "4": "",
        "5": "packsaddle"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sagma (“packsaddle”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French sommelier (“originally, a person in charge of the beasts of burden carrying wine”), from somme (“pack”) + -ier (suffix forming the names of jobs). somme is from Vulgar Latin *sauma, from Latin sagma (“packsaddle”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sommeliers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sommelier (plural sommeliers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
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  "hyphenation": [
    "som‧mel‧i‧er"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The sommelier recommended the perfect wine, opened the bottle with panache, and served it into glasses.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Kathleen Thompson Hill, “Sommelier”, in Career Opportunities in the Food and Beverage Industry, New York, N.Y.: Ferguson, Infobase Publishing, page 44, column 1",
          "text": "A Sommelier or wine steward organizes a restaurant's entire wine program, from tasting to pairing of wines with foods the chef might prepare according to seasonal meat, seafood, and produce availability, to ordering and keeping inventory, staying on top of local, domestic, and foreign releases, and educating waitstaff about wines and their nuances. […] A Sommelier must make novice wine drinkers comfortable and explain wine complexities simply, while knowing wines well enough to satisfy the most demanding customer.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, Lisa Boalt Richardson, “Beyond the Cup: Pairing, Cooking, Cocktails, and More”, in Modern Tea: A Fresh Look at an Ancient Beverage, San Francisco, Calif.: Chronicle Books, page 115",
          "text": "There's a new kid on the block: the tea sommelier. […] In the Western world, the first acting tea sommelier on the scene was Helen Gustafson, although the title was never bestowed her. […] She stayed at the restaurant for twenty years, and although she did not have the formal title of tea sommelier—no one did at the time—many in the industry credit her with leading the charge that has resulted in fine-dining establishments improving their tea service.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2015, Nak-Eon Choi, Jung H. Han, “Technological Advancements Brought by the Love of Flavors”, in How Flavor Works: The Science of Taste and Aroma, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, page 122",
          "text": "The fMRI [functional magnetic resonance imaging] brain images of sommeliers show that their brains act very differently from ordinary brains when they taste wine. An Italian radiology research group (Castriota-Scanderbeg et al., 2005) showed activation of the cerebral network in the left insula and adjoining orbito-frontal cortex in sommeliers.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The member of staff at a restaurant who keeps the wine cellar and advises the guests on a choice of wines; a wine steward / stewardess, a wine waiter / waitress / server."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "member",
          "member"
        ],
        [
          "staff",
          "staff"
        ],
        [
          "restaurant",
          "restaurant"
        ],
        [
          "wine cellar",
          "wine cellar"
        ],
        [
          "advise",
          "advise"
        ],
        [
          "guest",
          "guest"
        ],
        [
          "wine",
          "wine"
        ],
        [
          "steward",
          "steward"
        ],
        [
          "stewardess",
          "stewardess"
        ],
        [
          "waiter",
          "waiter"
        ],
        [
          "waitress",
          "waitress"
        ],
        [
          "server",
          "server"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌsɒmˈmɛli.ə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌsɔːməlˈjeɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌsɔməlˈjeɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-sommelier.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/En-au-sommelier.ogg/En-au-sommelier.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/En-au-sommelier.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "somm"
    },
    {
      "word": "wine server"
    },
    {
      "word": "wine steward"
    },
    {
      "word": "wine stewardess"
    },
    {
      "word": "wine waiter"
    },
    {
      "word": "wine waitress"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "somelie",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "word": "սոմելիե"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sommelier"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "word": "侍酒師"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "shìjiǔshī",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "word": "侍酒师"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "wijnkelner"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sommelier"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "word": "someliero"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "word": "sommelieeri"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sommelier"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sommelière"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Weinkellner"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Weinkellnerin"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Sommelier"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Sommelière"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "oinochóos",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "οινοχόος"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "word": "sommelier"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "word": "sommelier"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "somurie",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "word": "ソムリエ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "someullie",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "word": "소믈리에"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "word": "kaihari waina"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vinkelner"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kiper"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sommelier"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "escanção"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sommelier"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "somelier"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "somelʹjé",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "сомелье́"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sumiller"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "escanciador"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "sommelier"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "vinkypare"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "word": "şarap garsonu"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "somelʹjé",
      "sense": "wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "сомельє́"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sommelier"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
    "English terms suffixed with -er",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪ",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪ/3 syllables",
    "en:Occupations",
    "en:People",
    "en:Wine"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "sommelier",
        "4": "",
        "5": "originally, a person in charge of the beasts of burden carrying wine"
      },
      "expansion": "French sommelier (“originally, a person in charge of the beasts of burden carrying wine”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "somme",
        "3": "-ier",
        "gloss1": "pack",
        "id1": "packsaddle",
        "nocat": "1",
        "pos2": "suffix forming the names of jobs"
      },
      "expansion": "somme (“pack”) + -ier (suffix forming the names of jobs)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "somme"
      },
      "expansion": "somme",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*sauma"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *sauma",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "sagma",
        "4": "",
        "5": "packsaddle"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sagma (“packsaddle”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French sommelier (“originally, a person in charge of the beasts of burden carrying wine”), from somme (“pack”) + -ier (suffix forming the names of jobs). somme is from Vulgar Latin *sauma, from Latin sagma (“packsaddle”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sommeliers",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sommeliering",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sommeliered",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sommeliered",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sommelier (third-person singular simple present sommeliers, present participle sommeliering, simple past and past participle sommeliered)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "som‧mel‧i‧er"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1993, Hotel & Catering Review, volume 23, page 6",
          "text": "The final nerve-wracking task involved “sommeliering” throughout a gourmet lunch for judges and wine writers – and answering the tricky questions which were inevitably thrown their way.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To act as a sommelier."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sommelier",
          "sommelier#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To act as a sommelier."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌsɒmˈmɛli.ə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌsɔːməlˈjeɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌsɔməlˈjeɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-sommelier.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/En-au-sommelier.ogg/En-au-sommelier.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/En-au-sommelier.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sommelier"
}