See sardonic in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sardonical"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sardonically"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sardonicism"
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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"3": "sardonique"
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"name": "bor"
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"args": {
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"2": "la",
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"expansion": "Latin sardonius",
"name": "der"
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"3": "σαρδόνιος"
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"expansion": "Ancient Greek σαρδόνιος (sardónios)",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "Ranunculus sardous",
"2": "species"
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"expansion": "Ranunculus sardous",
"name": "taxlink"
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{
"args": {
"1": "Oenanthe crocata",
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"etymology_text": "From French sardonique, from Latin sardonius, from Ancient Greek σαρδόνιος (sardónios), alternative form of σαρδάνιος (sardánios, “bitter or scornful laughter”), which is often cited as deriving from the Sardinian plant (Ranunculus sardous or possibly Oenanthe crocata), known as either σαρδάνη (sardánē) or σαρδόνιον (sardónion). When eaten, it would cause the eater's face to contort in a look resembling scorn (generally followed by death). It might also be related to σαίρω (saírō, “I grin”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more sardonic",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most sardonic",
"tags": [
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"expansion": "sardonic (comparative more sardonic, superlative most sardonic)",
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"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sardoin"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
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"word": "Sardonian"
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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}
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"examples": [
{
"text": "He distances himself from people with his nasty, sardonic laughter.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1685, Henry Wotton, “[A Deſcription of the Countrys Recreations.] Poems Found among the Papers of Sir Henry Wotton”, in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ, or, A collection of Lives, Letters, Poems; […] , Fourth edition, London: […] B[enjamin] Tooke, […] and T[homas] Sawbridge […] , →OCLC, pages 390–391:",
"text": "[Q]Uivering fears, Heart-tearing cares, / Anxious ſighs, Untimely tears, / Fly, fly to the Courts; / Fly to fond worldings ſports, / Where ſtrain’d Sardonick ſmiles are cloſing ſtill, / And grief is forc’d to laugh againſt her will; / Where mirth’s but mummery, / And ſorrows only real be.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1796, Edmund Burke, “Letter I. On the Overtures of Peace.”, in Two Letters Addressed to a Member of the Present Parliament on the Proposals for Peace with the Regicide Directory of France, London: […] F[rancis] and C[harles] Rivington, […], published 20 October 1796, →OCLC, page 34:",
"text": "At the opening of thoſe doors, what a ſight it muſt be to behold the plenipotentiaries of royal impotence, in the precedency which they will intrigue to obtain, and which will be granted to them according to the ſeniority of their degradation, ſneaking into the Regicide preſence, and with the reliques of the ſmile which they had dreſſed up, for the levee of their maſters, ſlill flickering on their curled lips, preſenting the faded remains of their courtly graces, to meet the ſcornful, ferocious, ſardonic grin of a bloody ruffian, who, whilſt he is receiving their homage, is meaſuring them with his eye, and fitting to their ſize the ſlider of his Guillotine!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1904 August, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter”, in The Return of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., published February 1905, →OCLC, page 309:",
"text": "The carriage stopped, the doctor alighted, walked swiftly back to where I had also halted, and told me in an excellent sardonic fashion that he feared the road was narrow, and that he hoped his carriage did not impede the passage of my bicycle.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Scornfully mocking or cynical."
],
"id": "en-sardonic-en-adj-GhVK7AOF",
"links": [
[
"Scornfully",
"scorn"
],
[
"mock",
"mock"
],
[
"cynical",
"cynical"
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sneering"
},
{
"word": "satirical"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "jazvitelen",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "язвителен"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardònic"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardonický"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardonisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "katkeran ivallinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "ivallinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "häijy"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardoninen"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardonique"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "hämisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "mokant"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sardónios",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "σαρδόνιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardonico"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sarcastico"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sprezzante"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "bitter"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardonisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zahrxande",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "زهرخنده"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardoniczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
],
"word": "sardónico"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "sardônico"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sardoníčeskij",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "сардони́ческий"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardóničen"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardónico"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "bitter"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardonisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "hakaret dolu"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "horlayıcı"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "küçümseyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "küçümseyici"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "acı"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sardoníčnyj",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "сардоні́чний"
}
]
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{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Comedy",
"orig": "en:Comedy",
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"ref": "1979, Carl Deroux, editor, Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History [Collection Latomus; 164], volume 1, Brussels: Latomus, →OCLC, page 111:",
"text": "Another manifestation, significantly reaching its apogee in the midst of Antonine virtues, was the growing popularity of adoxographical exercises. Mock panegyrics were dashed off, not just by sardonic intellectuals such as Lucian, but also by trained courtiers and polished encomiasts of the stamp of [Marcus Cornelius] Fronto.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Disdainfully or ironically humorous."
],
"id": "en-sardonic-en-adj-IEZURROH",
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"disdain"
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[
"ironic",
"ironic"
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[
"humorous",
"humorous"
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sarcastic"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podigravatelen",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "подигравателен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "sardonický"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "sardonique"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "bitter"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "sarkastisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "sardonisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "sardonico"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "sardoniczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
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"word": "sardónico"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "sardônico"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "sardóničen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "sardónico"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "ondskefull"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "alaylı"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɑːˈdɒnɪk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sɑɹˈdɑnɪk/",
"tags": [
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{
"rhymes": "-ɒnɪk"
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"word": "sardonic"
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "sardonique"
},
"expansion": "French sardonique",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sardonius"
},
"expansion": "Latin sardonius",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "σαρδόνιος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σαρδόνιος (sardónios)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Ranunculus sardous",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Ranunculus sardous",
"name": "taxlink"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Oenanthe crocata",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Oenanthe crocata",
"name": "taxlink"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French sardonique, from Latin sardonius, from Ancient Greek σαρδόνιος (sardónios), alternative form of σαρδάνιος (sardánios, “bitter or scornful laughter”), which is often cited as deriving from the Sardinian plant (Ranunculus sardous or possibly Oenanthe crocata), known as either σαρδάνη (sardánē) or σαρδόνιον (sardónion). When eaten, it would cause the eater's face to contort in a look resembling scorn (generally followed by death). It might also be related to σαίρω (saírō, “I grin”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more sardonic",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most sardonic",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sardonic (comparative more sardonic, superlative most sardonic)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "sardoin"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "Sardonian"
},
{
"word": "sardonyx"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He distances himself from people with his nasty, sardonic laughter.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1685, Henry Wotton, “[A Deſcription of the Countrys Recreations.] Poems Found among the Papers of Sir Henry Wotton”, in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ, or, A collection of Lives, Letters, Poems; […] , Fourth edition, London: […] B[enjamin] Tooke, […] and T[homas] Sawbridge […] , →OCLC, pages 390–391:",
"text": "[Q]Uivering fears, Heart-tearing cares, / Anxious ſighs, Untimely tears, / Fly, fly to the Courts; / Fly to fond worldings ſports, / Where ſtrain’d Sardonick ſmiles are cloſing ſtill, / And grief is forc’d to laugh againſt her will; / Where mirth’s but mummery, / And ſorrows only real be.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1796, Edmund Burke, “Letter I. On the Overtures of Peace.”, in Two Letters Addressed to a Member of the Present Parliament on the Proposals for Peace with the Regicide Directory of France, London: […] F[rancis] and C[harles] Rivington, […], published 20 October 1796, →OCLC, page 34:",
"text": "At the opening of thoſe doors, what a ſight it muſt be to behold the plenipotentiaries of royal impotence, in the precedency which they will intrigue to obtain, and which will be granted to them according to the ſeniority of their degradation, ſneaking into the Regicide preſence, and with the reliques of the ſmile which they had dreſſed up, for the levee of their maſters, ſlill flickering on their curled lips, preſenting the faded remains of their courtly graces, to meet the ſcornful, ferocious, ſardonic grin of a bloody ruffian, who, whilſt he is receiving their homage, is meaſuring them with his eye, and fitting to their ſize the ſlider of his Guillotine!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1904 August, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter”, in The Return of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., published February 1905, →OCLC, page 309:",
"text": "The carriage stopped, the doctor alighted, walked swiftly back to where I had also halted, and told me in an excellent sardonic fashion that he feared the road was narrow, and that he hoped his carriage did not impede the passage of my bicycle.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Scornfully mocking or cynical."
],
"links": [
[
"Scornfully",
"scorn"
],
[
"mock",
"mock"
],
[
"cynical",
"cynical"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sneering"
},
{
"word": "satirical"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1979, Carl Deroux, editor, Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History [Collection Latomus; 164], volume 1, Brussels: Latomus, →OCLC, page 111:",
"text": "Another manifestation, significantly reaching its apogee in the midst of Antonine virtues, was the growing popularity of adoxographical exercises. Mock panegyrics were dashed off, not just by sardonic intellectuals such as Lucian, but also by trained courtiers and polished encomiasts of the stamp of [Marcus Cornelius] Fronto.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Disdainfully or ironically humorous."
],
"links": [
[
"Disdainfully",
"disdain"
],
[
"ironic",
"ironic"
],
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sarcastic"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɑːˈdɒnɪk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sɑɹˈdɑnɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sardonic.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-sardonic.ogg/En-us-sardonic.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-sardonic.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɐːˈdɔnɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-sardonic.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/En-au-sardonic.ogg/En-au-sardonic.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/En-au-sardonic.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒnɪk"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "jazvitelen",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "язвителен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardònic"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardonický"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardonisch"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "katkeran ivallinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "ivallinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "häijy"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardoninen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardonique"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "hämisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "mokant"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sardónios",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "σαρδόνιος"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardonico"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sarcastico"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sprezzante"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "bitter"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardonisk"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zahrxande",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "زهرخنده"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardoniczny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
],
"word": "sardónico"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "sardônico"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sardoníčeskij",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "сардони́ческий"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardóničen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardónico"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "bitter"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "sardonisk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "hakaret dolu"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "horlayıcı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "küçümseyen"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "küçümseyici"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "acı"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sardoníčnyj",
"sense": "scornfully mocking",
"word": "сардоні́чний"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podigravatelen",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "подигравателен"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "sardonický"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "sardonique"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "bitter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "sarkastisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "sardonisch"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "sardonico"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "sardoniczny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
],
"word": "sardónico"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "sardônico"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "sardóničen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "sardónico"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "ondskefull"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "ironically humorous",
"word": "alaylı"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"The Telegraph"
],
"word": "sardonic"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sardonic meaning in English (11.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.