See roughly in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for roughly meaning in English (6.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "roughly speaking"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough",
"3": "ly"
},
"expansion": "rough + -ly",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "rough + -ly",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roughlier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "more roughly",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "roughliest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "most roughly",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "more"
},
"expansion": "roughly (comparative roughlier or more roughly, superlative roughliest or most roughly)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts, page 60",
"text": "They treated the prisoners roughly [...] slashing pitilessly with their whips to drive them as wretched animals before them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In a rough manner; without kindness, softness, or gentleness."
],
"id": "en-roughly-en-adv-htWNmlhY",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "harshly"
},
{
"word": "rudely"
},
{
"word": "severely"
},
{
"word": "austerely"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grubo",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "грубо"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "grossament"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "hrubě"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "karkeasti"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "kovaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "karheasti"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "rudement"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uxešad",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "უხეშად"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "grob"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "durván"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "gorombán"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "nyersen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "asperē"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "tʼáá naʼńleʼee"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "rudemente"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "precariamente"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "a grosso modo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbo",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "гру́бо"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "rabhasā",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "रभसा"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 0 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "kabaca"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Unevenly or irregularly."
],
"id": "en-roughly-en-adv-k4i~uWx1",
"links": [
[
"Unevenly",
"unevenly"
],
[
"irregularly",
"irregularly"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 85 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neravno",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "неравно"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "grofweg"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "karkeasti"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "approximativement"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "uneben"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "durván"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "egyenetlenül"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "aprprossimativamente"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "a grosso modo"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "aproximadamente"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "a grosso modo"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neróvno",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "неро́вно"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbo",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "гру́бо"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "aproximadamente"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 85 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "ungefär"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 34 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 31 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ly",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 259",
"text": "Satanism can be divided, roughly, into two branches: the Luciferians and the Palladists.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 December 6, Alok Jha, “A deadly disease could travel at jet speed around the world. How do we stop it in time?”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 26, page 27",
"text": "Of the roughly 400 emerging infectious diseases that have been identified since 1940, more than 60% are zoonotic: ie they came from animals. Throughout history this has been common.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Without precision or exactness; imprecisely but close to in quantity or amount; approximately."
],
"id": "en-roughly-en-adv-lMXBO0zm",
"links": [
[
"approximately",
"approximately"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "approximately"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌf.li/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌfli"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-roughly.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/En-us-roughly.ogg/En-us-roughly.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/En-us-roughly.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "roughly"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms suffixed with -ly",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ʌfli",
"Rhymes:English/ʌfli/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "roughly speaking"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough",
"3": "ly"
},
"expansion": "rough + -ly",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "rough + -ly",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roughlier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "more roughly",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "roughliest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "most roughly",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "more"
},
"expansion": "roughly (comparative roughlier or more roughly, superlative roughliest or most roughly)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts, page 60",
"text": "They treated the prisoners roughly [...] slashing pitilessly with their whips to drive them as wretched animals before them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In a rough manner; without kindness, softness, or gentleness."
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "harshly"
},
{
"word": "rudely"
},
{
"word": "severely"
},
{
"word": "austerely"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Unevenly or irregularly."
],
"links": [
[
"Unevenly",
"unevenly"
],
[
"irregularly",
"irregularly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 259",
"text": "Satanism can be divided, roughly, into two branches: the Luciferians and the Palladists.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 December 6, Alok Jha, “A deadly disease could travel at jet speed around the world. How do we stop it in time?”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 26, page 27",
"text": "Of the roughly 400 emerging infectious diseases that have been identified since 1940, more than 60% are zoonotic: ie they came from animals. Throughout history this has been common.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Without precision or exactness; imprecisely but close to in quantity or amount; approximately."
],
"links": [
[
"approximately",
"approximately"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "approximately"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌf.li/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌfli"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-roughly.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/En-us-roughly.ogg/En-us-roughly.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/En-us-roughly.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grubo",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "грубо"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "grossament"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "hrubě"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "karkeasti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "kovaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "karheasti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "rudement"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uxešad",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "უხეშად"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "grob"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "durván"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "gorombán"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "nyersen"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "asperē"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "tʼáá naʼńleʼee"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "rudemente"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "precariamente"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "a grosso modo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbo",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "гру́бо"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "rabhasā",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "रभसा"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "in a rough manner",
"word": "kabaca"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neravno",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "неравно"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "grofweg"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "karkeasti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "approximativement"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "uneben"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "durván"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "egyenetlenül"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "aprprossimativamente"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "a grosso modo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "aproximadamente"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "a grosso modo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neróvno",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "неро́вно"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbo",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "гру́бо"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "aproximadamente"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unevenly",
"word": "ungefär"
}
],
"word": "roughly"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.