"refinement" meaning in English

See refinement in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ɹəˈfaɪnmənt/, /ɹɪˈfaɪnmənt/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-refinement.wav [US] Forms: refinements [plural]
Rhymes: -aɪnmənt Etymology: refine + -ment Etymology templates: {{suffix|en|refine|ment}} refine + -ment Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} refinement (countable and uncountable, plural refinements)
  1. The act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material): пречистване (prečistvane) [neuter] (Bulgarian), рафиниране (rafinirane) [neuter] (Bulgarian), rafinace [feminine] (Czech), zuivering (Dutch), jalostus (Finnish), puhdistus (Finnish), jalostaminen (Finnish), puhdistaminen (Finnish), refino [masculine] (Galician), Verbesserung [feminine] (German), Veredelung [feminine] (German), みやび (miyabi) (Japanese), прочистување (pročistuvanje) [neuter] (Macedonian), рафинирање (rafiniranje) [neuter] (Macedonian), refino [masculine] (Portuguese), rafinare [feminine] (Romanian), rafinaj [neuter] (Romanian), förfining [common-gender] (Swedish), arıtma (Turkish), arıtım (Turkish), düzeltme (Turkish), tasfiye (Turkish), temizleme (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-refinement-en-noun-Zef4GZXS Disambiguation of 'act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material': 99 1 0
  2. High-class style; cultivation. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (high-class style; cultivation): финес (fines) (Bulgarian), raffinement [neuter] (Danish), hienostuneisuus (Finnish), hienokäytöksisyys (Finnish), sivistyneisyys (Finnish), raffinement (French), Veredeln [neuter] (German), Veredelung [feminine] (German), kifinomultság (Hungarian), みやび (miyabi) (Japanese), urbānitās [feminine] (Latin), префинетост (prefinetost) [feminine] (Macedonian), ᡧᡠ (šu) (Manchu), طبیعت (tabiʼat) (Ottoman Turkish), elegancja [feminine] (Polish), refino [masculine] (Portuguese), refinamento [masculine] (Portuguese), fineza [feminine] (Portuguese), finura [feminine] (Portuguese), requinte [masculine] (Portuguese), finesse [feminine] (Portuguese), rafinament [neuter] (Romanian), finețe [feminine] (Romanian), delicatețe [feminine] (Romanian), förfining [common-gender] (Swedish), raffinemang [neuter] (Swedish), arıtma (Turkish), arıtım (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-refinement-en-noun-iRb6GbBv Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ment Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 43 54 2 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ment: 38 55 7 Disambiguation of 'high-class style; cultivation': 0 99 0
  3. A fine or subtle distinction. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (fine or subtle distinction): raffinement [neuter] (Danish), verfijning (Dutch), истенченост (istenčenost) [feminine] (Macedonian), refino [masculine] (Portuguese), förfining [common-gender] (Swedish), raffinemang [neuter] (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-refinement-en-noun-R0uC6aRL Disambiguation of 'fine or subtle distinction': 0 0 99

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for refinement meaning in English (10.9kB)

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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "refine",
        "3": "ment"
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      "expansion": "refine + -ment",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "refine + -ment",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "refinements",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
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  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
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      "expansion": "refinement (countable and uncountable, plural refinements)",
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  "hyphenation": [
    "re‧fine‧ment"
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
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      "glosses": [
        "The act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material"
      ],
      "id": "en-refinement-en-noun-Zef4GZXS",
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        [
          "purified",
          "purified"
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      ],
      "tags": [
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      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "prečistvane",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "пречистване"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "rafinirane",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "рафиниране"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "rafinace"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "word": "zuivering"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "word": "jalostus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "word": "puhdistus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "word": "jalostaminen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "word": "puhdistaminen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "refino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Verbesserung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Veredelung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "miyabi",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "word": "みやび"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "pročistuvanje",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "прочистување"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "rafiniranje",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "рафинирање"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "refino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "rafinare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "rafinaj"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "förfining"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "word": "arıtma"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "word": "arıtım"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "word": "düzeltme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "word": "tasfiye"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
          "word": "temizleme"
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          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ment",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "High-class style; cultivation."
      ],
      "id": "en-refinement-en-noun-iRb6GbBv",
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          "High",
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          "cultivation",
          "cultivation"
        ]
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      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "fines",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "word": "финес"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "raffinement"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "word": "hienostuneisuus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "word": "hienokäytöksisyys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "word": "sivistyneisyys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "word": "raffinement"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Veredeln"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Veredelung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "word": "kifinomultság"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "miyabi",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "word": "みやび"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "urbānitās"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "prefinetost",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "префинетост"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "mnc",
          "lang": "Manchu",
          "roman": "šu",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "word": "ᡧᡠ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "tabiʼat",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "word": "طبیعت"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "elegancja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "refino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "refinamento"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fineza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "finura"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "requinte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "finesse"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "rafinament"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "finețe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "delicatețe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "förfining"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "raffinemang"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "word": "arıtma"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 99 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
          "word": "arıtım"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A fine or subtle distinction."
      ],
      "id": "en-refinement-en-noun-R0uC6aRL",
      "links": [
        [
          "fine",
          "fine"
        ],
        [
          "subtle",
          "subtle"
        ],
        [
          "distinction",
          "distinction"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
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      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 99",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "fine or subtle distinction",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "raffinement"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 99",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "fine or subtle distinction",
          "word": "verfijning"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 99",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "istenčenost",
          "sense": "fine or subtle distinction",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "истенченост"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 99",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "fine or subtle distinction",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "refino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 99",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "fine or subtle distinction",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "förfining"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 99",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "fine or subtle distinction",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "raffinemang"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹəˈfaɪnmənt/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹɪˈfaɪnmənt/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪnmənt"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-refinement.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-refinement.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-refinement.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-refinement.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-refinement.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
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      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
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  "wikipedia": [
    "refinement"
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  "word": "refinement"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms suffixed with -ment",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪnmənt",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪnmənt/3 syllables"
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  "etymology_templates": [
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        "2": "refine",
        "3": "ment"
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  ],
  "etymology_text": "refine + -ment",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "refinements",
      "tags": [
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  ],
  "head_templates": [
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  "hyphenation": [
    "re‧fine‧ment"
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
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      "glosses": [
        "The act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material"
      ],
      "links": [
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          "refining",
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      ],
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      "glosses": [
        "High-class style; cultivation."
      ],
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          "class"
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        [
          "style",
          "style"
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          "cultivation",
          "cultivation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
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    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A fine or subtle distinction."
      ],
      "links": [
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        [
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          "subtle"
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      ],
      "tags": [
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    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹəˈfaɪnmənt/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹɪˈfaɪnmənt/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪnmənt"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-refinement.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-refinement.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-refinement.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-refinement.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-refinement.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "prečistvane",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "пречистване"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "rafinirane",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "рафиниране"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "rafinace"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "word": "zuivering"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "word": "jalostus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "word": "puhdistus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "word": "jalostaminen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "word": "puhdistaminen"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "refino"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Verbesserung"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Veredelung"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "miyabi",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "word": "みやび"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "pročistuvanje",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "прочистување"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "rafiniranje",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "рафинирање"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "refino"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "rafinare"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "rafinaj"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "förfining"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "word": "arıtma"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "word": "arıtım"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "word": "düzeltme"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "word": "tasfiye"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material",
      "word": "temizleme"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "fines",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "word": "финес"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "raffinement"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "word": "hienostuneisuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "word": "hienokäytöksisyys"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "word": "sivistyneisyys"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "word": "raffinement"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Veredeln"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Veredelung"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "word": "kifinomultság"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "miyabi",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "word": "みやび"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "urbānitās"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "prefinetost",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "префинетост"
    },
    {
      "code": "mnc",
      "lang": "Manchu",
      "roman": "šu",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "word": "ᡧᡠ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "tabiʼat",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "word": "طبیعت"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "elegancja"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "refino"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "refinamento"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fineza"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "finura"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "requinte"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "finesse"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "rafinament"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "finețe"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "delicatețe"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "förfining"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "raffinemang"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "word": "arıtma"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "high-class style; cultivation",
      "word": "arıtım"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "fine or subtle distinction",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "raffinement"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "fine or subtle distinction",
      "word": "verfijning"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "istenčenost",
      "sense": "fine or subtle distinction",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "истенченост"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "fine or subtle distinction",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "refino"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "fine or subtle distinction",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "förfining"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "fine or subtle distinction",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "raffinemang"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "refinement"
  ],
  "word": "refinement"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.