See pram in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chuck one's toys out of the pram"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "doll's pram"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pram bug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pram-face"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pram face"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pram suit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "throw one's rattle out of the pram"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "throw one's toys out of the pram"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "perambulator"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of perambulator",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of perambulator.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prams",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pram (plural prams)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
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{
"_dis": "73 3 9 9 6",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1975, Margaret Drabble, The Realms of Gold, published 1977, page 127:",
"text": "Janet Bird née Ollerenshaw was pushing her pram along Tockley High Street.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Diane Setterfield, The Thirteenth Tale:",
"text": "For a start the pram was heavier than it appeared, and also they were pulling it along very uneven ground. The edge of the field was slightly banked which tilted the pram at an angle.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Ramsey Campbell, Dark Companions, page 233:",
"text": "Stepping over her, he unbuttoned the pram′s apron and pulled it back.\nAt first he couldn′t make out what the pram contained. He had to crane himself over, holding his body back from the obscuring light. The pram was full of groceries—cabbage, sprouts, potatoes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 9, Paul Clifton, “Network News: Family-friendly travel: new standard covers pushchairs”, in RAIL, number 989, page 26:",
"text": "The Key Train Requirements document, released in July by the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB), includes a new clause covering people travelling with pushchairs. It highlights the need for space in carriages for unfolded pushchairs or prams, separate from areas for wheelchairs and cycles. It also recommends extending seat reservations to include pram spaces.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small vehicle, usually covered, in which a newborn baby is pushed around in a lying position."
],
"id": "en-pram-en-noun-lV5cMgDg",
"links": [
[
"vehicle",
"vehicle"
],
[
"baby",
"baby"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "perambulator"
},
{
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "baby carriage"
}
],
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"Ireland",
"UK"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕarabat ʔaṭfāl",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "عَرَبَةْ أَطْفَال"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mankasaylak",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "մանկասայլակ"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kalyaska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "կալյասկա"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kaljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "каля́ска"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "dzicjáčaja kaljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дзіця́чая каля́ска"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "détska kolíčka",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "де́тска коли́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "童車"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tóngchē",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "童车"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "嬰兒車"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīng'érchē",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "婴儿车"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kočárek"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "barnevogn"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kinderwagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "beboĉaro"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "beboĉareto"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "infanĉareto"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "lastenvaunut"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "landau"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kinderwagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "babakocsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barnavagn"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "naíchóiste"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "ga",
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"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cóiste linbh"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"alt": "うばぐるま",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ubaguruma",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "乳母車"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bebīkā",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "ベビーカー"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"alt": "乳母車",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yumocha",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "유모차"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kólička",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́личка"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "détska kólička",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "де́тска ко́личка"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xüüxdiin tereg",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хүүхдийн тэрэг"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
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"word": "barnevogn"
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{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barnevogn"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "kâleske",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "کالِسْکِه"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wózek"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wózek dziecięcy"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "carrinho de bebé"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "carrinho de bebê"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cărucior"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "коля́ска"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "détskaja koljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "де́тская коля́ска"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kočík"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cochecito (de bebé)"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carrito (de bebé)"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "barnvagn"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 17",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "koljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "коля́ска"
},
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"_dis1": "83 17",
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"roman": "dytjáča koljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "дитя́ча коля́ска"
}
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
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"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 22 21 18 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 21 23 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
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},
{
"_dis": "8 18 30 30 14",
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"name": "Watercraft",
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"Vehicles",
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"Technology",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pushchair; a buggy."
],
"id": "en-pram-en-noun-HKUBlrIC",
"links": [
[
"pushchair",
"pushchair"
],
[
"buggy",
"buggy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, loosely) A pushchair; a buggy."
],
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"Ireland",
"UK",
"broadly",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prăm",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹæm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-pram.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/En-au-pram.ogg/En-au-pram.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/En-au-pram.ogg"
},
{
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}
],
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}
{
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{
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"2": "nl",
"3": "praam",
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},
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"name": "bor"
},
{
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"3": "praem"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "prām"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German prām",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "",
"4": "*prám"
},
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pormъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pormъ",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch praam (“a flat-bottomed boat”), from Middle Dutch praem, from Middle Low German prām, from Old Czech *prám, from Proto-Slavic *pormъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prams",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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"name": "en-noun"
}
],
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
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},
{
"_dis": "22 24 17 13 24",
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 18 16 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 26 15 20",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 18 17 14 12 19 2 3 4 3",
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"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 20 19 14 11 23 1 2 2 2",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 24 20 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 21 23 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 21 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 19 16 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 22 21 18 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 21 23 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 18 30 30 14",
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Watercraft",
"orig": "en:Watercraft",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Vehicles",
"Transport",
"Machines",
"All topics",
"Technology",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A flat-bottomed barge used on shallow shores to convey cargo to and from ships that cannot enter the harbour."
],
"id": "en-pram-en-noun-UHt588xT",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"flat-bottomed",
"flat-bottomed"
],
[
"barge",
"barge"
],
[
"cargo",
"cargo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, historical) A flat-bottomed barge used on shallow shores to convey cargo to and from ships that cannot enter the harbour."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "53 34 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"word": "proomu"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 34 13",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Prahm"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 34 13",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"word": "pramo"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 34 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chata"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 34 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ploskodónka",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плоскодо́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 34 13",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prama"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "22 24 17 13 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 18 16 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 18 17 14 12 19 2 3 4 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "3 2 20 19 14 11 23 1 2 2 2",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 24 20 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 21 23 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 21 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 19 16 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 22 21 18 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 21 23 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 18 30 30 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Watercraft",
"orig": "en:Watercraft",
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"Nautical",
"Vehicles",
"Transport",
"Machines",
"All topics",
"Technology",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A similar barge used as platform for cannons in shallow waters which seagoing warships cannot enter."
],
"id": "en-pram-en-noun-jNZnSnhT",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, historical) A similar barge used as platform for cannons in shallow waters which seagoing warships cannot enter."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 24 17 13 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 18 16 20",
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"name": "English heteronyms",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 20 19 14 11 23 1 2 2 2",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 24 20 16 15",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 21 23 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 21 18 19",
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"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 19 16 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 22 21 18 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 21 23 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 18 30 30 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Watercraft",
"orig": "en:Watercraft",
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"Nautical",
"Vehicles",
"Transport",
"Machines",
"All topics",
"Technology",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "August 1979, F. M. Paulson, “Car-topable Craft”, in Field & Stream, page 50:",
"text": "Although the pram, like the johnboat, has a squared-off bow as well as stern, the bow lines on the pram will be narrower than those encountered on a johnboat.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1994, Dave Hughes, Fly Fishing Basics:",
"text": "Nothing can beat the simple pleasure of paddling a pram around on a foggy dawn, probing pad flats, stumps and fallen logs for lurking bass.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of dinghy with a flat bow."
],
"id": "en-pram-en-noun-9ntEZRA-",
"links": [
[
"dinghy",
"dinghy"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 16 69",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of dinghy",
"word": "jolla"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "präm",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pram (boat).wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pram_%28boat%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pram_%28boat%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pram_%28boat%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pram_%28boat%29.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "praam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "prahm"
}
],
"word": "pram"
}
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"Commonwealth English",
"English clippings",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Old Czech",
"English terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æm",
"Rhymes:English/æm/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːm",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Babies",
"en:Watercraft",
"sh:Hair",
"sh:Watercraft"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chuck one's toys out of the pram"
},
{
"word": "doll's pram"
},
{
"word": "pram bug"
},
{
"word": "pram-face"
},
{
"word": "pram face"
},
{
"word": "pram suit"
},
{
"word": "throw one's rattle out of the pram"
},
{
"word": "throw one's toys out of the pram"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "perambulator"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of perambulator",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of perambulator.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prams",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pram (plural prams)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1975, Margaret Drabble, The Realms of Gold, published 1977, page 127:",
"text": "Janet Bird née Ollerenshaw was pushing her pram along Tockley High Street.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Diane Setterfield, The Thirteenth Tale:",
"text": "For a start the pram was heavier than it appeared, and also they were pulling it along very uneven ground. The edge of the field was slightly banked which tilted the pram at an angle.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Ramsey Campbell, Dark Companions, page 233:",
"text": "Stepping over her, he unbuttoned the pram′s apron and pulled it back.\nAt first he couldn′t make out what the pram contained. He had to crane himself over, holding his body back from the obscuring light. The pram was full of groceries—cabbage, sprouts, potatoes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 9, Paul Clifton, “Network News: Family-friendly travel: new standard covers pushchairs”, in RAIL, number 989, page 26:",
"text": "The Key Train Requirements document, released in July by the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB), includes a new clause covering people travelling with pushchairs. It highlights the need for space in carriages for unfolded pushchairs or prams, separate from areas for wheelchairs and cycles. It also recommends extending seat reservations to include pram spaces.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small vehicle, usually covered, in which a newborn baby is pushed around in a lying position."
],
"links": [
[
"vehicle",
"vehicle"
],
[
"baby",
"baby"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "perambulator"
},
{
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "baby carriage"
}
],
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"Ireland",
"UK"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"A pushchair; a buggy."
],
"links": [
[
"pushchair",
"pushchair"
],
[
"buggy",
"buggy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, loosely) A pushchair; a buggy."
],
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"Ireland",
"UK",
"broadly",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prăm",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹæm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-pram.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/En-au-pram.ogg/En-au-pram.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/En-au-pram.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕarabat ʔaṭfāl",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "عَرَبَةْ أَطْفَال"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mankasaylak",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "մանկասայլակ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kalyaska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "կալյասկա"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kaljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "каля́ска"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "dzicjáčaja kaljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дзіця́чая каля́ска"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "détska kolíčka",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "де́тска коли́чка"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "童車"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tóngchē",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "童车"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "嬰兒車"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīng'érchē",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "婴儿车"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kočárek"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "barnevogn"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kinderwagen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "beboĉaro"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "beboĉareto"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "infanĉareto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "lastenvaunut"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "landau"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kinderwagen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "babakocsi"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barnavagn"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "naíchóiste"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cóiste linbh"
},
{
"alt": "うばぐるま",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ubaguruma",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "乳母車"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bebīkā",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "ベビーカー"
},
{
"alt": "乳母車",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yumocha",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "유모차"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kólička",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́личка"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "détska kólička",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "де́тска ко́личка"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xüüxdiin tereg",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хүүхдийн тэрэг"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "barnevogn"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barnevogn"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "kâleske",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "کالِسْکِه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wózek"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wózek dziecięcy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "carrinho de bebé"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "carrinho de bebê"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cărucior"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "коля́ска"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "détskaja koljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "де́тская коля́ска"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kočík"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cochecito (de bebé)"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carrito (de bebé)"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "barnvagn"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "koljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "коля́ска"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dytjáča koljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дитя́ча коля́ска"
}
],
"word": "pram"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Old Czech",
"English terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːm",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"en:Babies",
"en:Watercraft",
"sh:Hair",
"sh:Watercraft"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "praam",
"t": "a flat-bottomed boat"
},
"expansion": "Dutch praam (“a flat-bottomed boat”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "praem"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch praem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "prām"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German prām",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "",
"4": "*prám"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech *prám",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pormъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pormъ",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch praam (“a flat-bottomed boat”), from Middle Dutch praem, from Middle Low German prām, from Old Czech *prám, from Proto-Slavic *pormъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prams",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pram (plural prams)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"A flat-bottomed barge used on shallow shores to convey cargo to and from ships that cannot enter the harbour."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"flat-bottomed",
"flat-bottomed"
],
[
"barge",
"barge"
],
[
"cargo",
"cargo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, historical) A flat-bottomed barge used on shallow shores to convey cargo to and from ships that cannot enter the harbour."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"A similar barge used as platform for cannons in shallow waters which seagoing warships cannot enter."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, historical) A similar barge used as platform for cannons in shallow waters which seagoing warships cannot enter."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "August 1979, F. M. Paulson, “Car-topable Craft”, in Field & Stream, page 50:",
"text": "Although the pram, like the johnboat, has a squared-off bow as well as stern, the bow lines on the pram will be narrower than those encountered on a johnboat.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1994, Dave Hughes, Fly Fishing Basics:",
"text": "Nothing can beat the simple pleasure of paddling a pram around on a foggy dawn, probing pad flats, stumps and fallen logs for lurking bass.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of dinghy with a flat bow."
],
"links": [
[
"dinghy",
"dinghy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "präm",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pram (boat).wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pram_%28boat%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pram_%28boat%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pram_%28boat%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pram_%28boat%29.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "praam"
},
{
"word": "prahm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"word": "proomu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Prahm"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"word": "pramo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chata"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ploskodónka",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плоскодо́нка"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prama"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of dinghy",
"word": "jolla"
}
],
"word": "pram"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pram meaning in English (14.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.