See pram on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pram meaning in All languages combined (26.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chuck one's toys out of the pram"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pram bug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pram face"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pram-face"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pram suit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "throw one's rattle out of the pram"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "throw one's toys out of the pram"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "perambulator"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of perambulator",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of perambulator.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prams",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pram (plural prams)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 24 16 14 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 24 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Zealand English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 13 13 13 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Babies",
"orig": "en:Babies",
"parents": [
"Children",
"Youth",
"Age",
"People",
"Human",
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1975, Margaret Drabble, The Realms of Gold, published 1977, page 127",
"text": "Janet Bird née Ollerenshaw was pushing her pram along Tockley High Street.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Diane Setterfield, The Thirteenth Tale",
"text": "For a start the pram was heavier than it appeared, and also they were pulling it along very uneven ground. The edge of the field was slightly banked which tilted the pram at an angle.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Ramsey Campbell, Dark Companions, page 233",
"text": "Stepping over her, he unbuttoned the pram′s apron and pulled it back.\nAt first he couldn′t make out what the pram contained. He had to crane himself over, holding his body back from the obscuring light. The pram was full of groceries—cabbage, sprouts, potatoes.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 9, Paul Clifton, “Network News: Family-friendly travel: new standard covers pushchairs”, in RAIL, number 989, page 26",
"text": "The Key Train Requirements document, released in July by the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB), includes a new clause covering people travelling with pushchairs. It highlights the need for space in carriages for unfolded pushchairs or prams, separate from areas for wheelchairs and cycles. It also recommends extending seat reservations to include pram spaces.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small vehicle, usually covered, in which a newborn baby is pushed around in a lying position."
],
"id": "en-pram-en-noun-lV5cMgDg",
"links": [
[
"vehicle",
"vehicle"
],
[
"baby",
"baby"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "perambulator"
},
{
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "baby carriage"
}
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand",
"UK"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕarabat ʔaṭfāl",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "عَرَبَةْ أَطْفَال"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mankasaylak",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "մանկասայլակ"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kalyaska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "կալյասկա"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kaljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "каля́ска"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "dzicjáčaja kaljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дзіця́чая каля́ска"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "détska kolíčka",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "де́тска коли́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "童車"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tóngchē",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "童车"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "嬰兒車"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīng'érchē",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "婴儿车"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kočárek"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "barnevogn"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kinderwagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "beboĉaro"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "beboĉareto"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "infanĉareto"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "lastenvaunut"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "landau"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kinderwagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "babakocsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barnavagn"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "naíchóiste"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cóiste linbh"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"alt": "うばぐるま",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ubaguruma",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "乳母車"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bebīkā",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "ベビーカー"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"alt": "乳母車",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yumocha",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "유모차"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kólička",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́личка"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "détska kólička",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "де́тска ко́личка"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xüüxdiin tereg",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хүүхдийн тэрэг"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "barnevogn"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barnevogn"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "kâleske",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "کالِسْکِه"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wózek"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wózek dziecięcy"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "carrinho de bebé"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "carrinho de bebê"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cărucior"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "коля́ска"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "détskaja koljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "де́тская коля́ска"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cochecito (de bebé)"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carrito (de bebé)"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "barnvagn"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "koljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "коля́ска"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dytjáča koljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дитя́ча коля́ска"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 24 16 14 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 24 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Zealand English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 17 31 31 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Watercraft",
"orig": "en:Watercraft",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Vehicles",
"Transport",
"Machines",
"All topics",
"Technology",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pushchair; a buggy."
],
"id": "en-pram-en-noun-HKUBlrIC",
"links": [
[
"pushchair",
"pushchair"
],
[
"buggy",
"buggy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, loosely) A pushchair; a buggy."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand",
"UK",
"broadly",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɹæm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æm"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-pram.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/En-au-pram.ogg/En-au-pram.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/En-au-pram.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
},
{
"enpr": "prăm"
}
],
"word": "pram"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "praam",
"t": "a flat-bottomed boat"
},
"expansion": "Dutch praam (“a flat-bottomed boat”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "praem"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch praem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "prām"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German prām",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "",
"4": "*prám"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech *prám",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pormъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pormъ",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "farm"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of farm",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch praam (“a flat-bottomed boat”), from Middle Dutch praem, from Middle Low German prām, from Old Czech *prám, from Proto-Slavic *pormъ. Doublet of farm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prams",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pram (plural prams)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "22 24 16 14 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 24 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 17 31 31 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Watercraft",
"orig": "en:Watercraft",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Vehicles",
"Transport",
"Machines",
"All topics",
"Technology",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A flat-bottomed barge used on shallow shores to convey cargo to and from ships that cannot enter the harbour."
],
"id": "en-pram-en-noun-UHt588xT",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"flat-bottomed",
"flat-bottomed"
],
[
"barge",
"barge"
],
[
"cargo",
"cargo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, historical) A flat-bottomed barge used on shallow shores to convey cargo to and from ships that cannot enter the harbour."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "53 35 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"word": "proomu"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 35 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Prahm"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 35 12",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"word": "pramo"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 35 12",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chata"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 35 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ploskodónka",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плоскодо́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 35 12",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prama"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "22 24 16 14 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 24 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 17 31 31 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Watercraft",
"orig": "en:Watercraft",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Vehicles",
"Transport",
"Machines",
"All topics",
"Technology",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A similar barge used as platform for cannons in shallow waters which seagoing warships cannot enter."
],
"id": "en-pram-en-noun-jNZnSnhT",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, historical) A similar barge used as platform for cannons in shallow waters which seagoing warships cannot enter."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 24 16 14 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 24 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 17 31 31 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Watercraft",
"orig": "en:Watercraft",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Vehicles",
"Transport",
"Machines",
"All topics",
"Technology",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "August 1979, F. M. Paulson, “Car-topable Craft”, in Field & Stream, page 50",
"text": "Although the pram, like the johnboat, has a squared-off bow as well as stern, the bow lines on the pram will be narrower than those encountered on a johnboat.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1994, Dave Hughes, Fly Fishing Basics",
"text": "Nothing can beat the simple pleasure of paddling a pram around on a foggy dawn, probing pad flats, stumps and fallen logs for lurking bass.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of dinghy with a flat bow."
],
"id": "en-pram-en-noun-9ntEZRA-",
"links": [
[
"dinghy",
"dinghy"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 16 69",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of dinghy",
"word": "jolla"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɹɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pram (boat).wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pram_%28boat%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pram_%28boat%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pram_%28boat%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pram_%28boat%29.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "präm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "praam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "prahm"
}
],
"word": "pram"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pramen"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from pramen",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from pramen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prammen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prammetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "prammetje"
},
"expansion": "pram m (plural prammen, diminutive prammetje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pram"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A boob, a tit."
],
"id": "en-pram-nl-noun-VOU5ZJ0P",
"links": [
[
"boob",
"boob"
],
[
"tit",
"tit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, vulgar) A boob, a tit."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "borst"
},
{
"word": "jetser"
},
{
"word": "mem"
},
{
"word": "tiet"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"vulgar"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A breast of a breastfeeding woman or a teat of a suckling female."
],
"id": "en-pram-nl-noun-utERkot6",
"links": [
[
"breast",
"breast"
],
[
"breastfeeding",
"breastfeeding"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"teat",
"teat"
],
[
"suckling",
"suckling"
],
[
"female",
"female"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A breast of a breastfeeding woman or a teat of a suckling female."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prɑm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑm"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-pram.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/Nl-pram.ogg/Nl-pram.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Nl-pram.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "pram"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "prámr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse prámr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "prām"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German prām",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "",
"4": "*prám"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech *prám",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pormъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pormъ",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse prámr, from Middle Low German prām, from Old Czech *prám, from Proto-Slavic *pormъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prammen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prammar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prammane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a rowboat without a keel, a pram"
],
"id": "en-pram-nn-noun-XAkIQ~Y7",
"links": [
[
"rowboat",
"rowboat#English"
],
[
"pram",
"pram#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nn",
"name": "Watercraft",
"orig": "nn:Watercraft",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Vehicles",
"Transport",
"Machines",
"All topics",
"Technology",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a barge"
],
"id": "en-pram-nn-noun-qgoNn6yL",
"links": [
[
"barge",
"barge#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prɑmː/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nn:pram"
],
"word": "pram"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pormъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pormъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pormъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pormъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pormъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prȁm",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "пра̏м",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramova",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pramu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramovima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramove",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pramovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pramu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramovima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pramom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramovima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "prȁm"
},
"expansion": "prȁm m (Cyrillic spelling пра̏м)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pram"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pram",
"10": "pramovi",
"11": "pramu",
"12": "pramovima",
"13": "pramom",
"14": "pramovima",
"2": "pramovi",
"3": "prama",
"4": "pramova",
"5": "pramu",
"6": "pramovima",
"7": "pram",
"8": "pramove",
"9": "prame"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Watercraft",
"orig": "sh:Watercraft",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Vehicles",
"Transport",
"Machines",
"All topics",
"Technology",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ferry"
],
"id": "en-pram-sh-noun-6Qh9CyDY",
"links": [
[
"ferry",
"ferry"
]
],
"qualifier": "seafaring",
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, seafaring) ferry"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prâm/"
}
],
"word": "pram"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "prȁmēn"
},
"expansion": "prȁmēn",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From prȁmēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prȃm",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "пра̑м",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pramu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pramu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pramom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "prȃm"
},
"expansion": "prȃm m (Cyrillic spelling пра̑м)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pram",
"10": "prami",
"11": "pramu",
"12": "pramima",
"13": "pramom",
"14": "pramima",
"2": "prami",
"3": "prama",
"4": "prama",
"5": "pramu",
"6": "pramima",
"7": "pram",
"8": "prame",
"9": "prame"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lock, tuft"
],
"id": "en-pram-sh-noun-AEFsjCvS",
"links": [
[
"lock",
"lock"
],
[
"tuft",
"tuft"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prâːm/"
}
],
"word": "pram"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch deverbals",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑm",
"sh:Watercraft"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pramen"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from pramen",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from pramen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prammen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prammetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "prammetje"
},
"expansion": "pram m (plural prammen, diminutive prammetje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pram"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch colloquialisms",
"Dutch vulgarities"
],
"glosses": [
"A boob, a tit."
],
"links": [
[
"boob",
"boob"
],
[
"tit",
"tit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, vulgar) A boob, a tit."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "borst"
},
{
"word": "jetser"
},
{
"word": "mem"
},
{
"word": "tiet"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"vulgar"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A breast of a breastfeeding woman or a teat of a suckling female."
],
"links": [
[
"breast",
"breast"
],
[
"breastfeeding",
"breastfeeding"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"teat",
"teat"
],
[
"suckling",
"suckling"
],
[
"female",
"female"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A breast of a breastfeeding woman or a teat of a suckling female."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prɑm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑm"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-pram.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/Nl-pram.ogg/Nl-pram.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Nl-pram.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "pram"
}
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"British English",
"English 1-syllable words",
"English clippings",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Old Czech",
"English terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"New Zealand English",
"Rhymes:English/æm",
"Rhymes:English/æm/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːm",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable",
"en:Babies",
"en:Watercraft",
"sh:Watercraft"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chuck one's toys out of the pram"
},
{
"word": "pram bug"
},
{
"word": "pram face"
},
{
"word": "pram-face"
},
{
"word": "pram suit"
},
{
"word": "throw one's rattle out of the pram"
},
{
"word": "throw one's toys out of the pram"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "perambulator"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of perambulator",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of perambulator.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prams",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pram (plural prams)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1975, Margaret Drabble, The Realms of Gold, published 1977, page 127",
"text": "Janet Bird née Ollerenshaw was pushing her pram along Tockley High Street.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Diane Setterfield, The Thirteenth Tale",
"text": "For a start the pram was heavier than it appeared, and also they were pulling it along very uneven ground. The edge of the field was slightly banked which tilted the pram at an angle.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Ramsey Campbell, Dark Companions, page 233",
"text": "Stepping over her, he unbuttoned the pram′s apron and pulled it back.\nAt first he couldn′t make out what the pram contained. He had to crane himself over, holding his body back from the obscuring light. The pram was full of groceries—cabbage, sprouts, potatoes.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 9, Paul Clifton, “Network News: Family-friendly travel: new standard covers pushchairs”, in RAIL, number 989, page 26",
"text": "The Key Train Requirements document, released in July by the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB), includes a new clause covering people travelling with pushchairs. It highlights the need for space in carriages for unfolded pushchairs or prams, separate from areas for wheelchairs and cycles. It also recommends extending seat reservations to include pram spaces.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small vehicle, usually covered, in which a newborn baby is pushed around in a lying position."
],
"links": [
[
"vehicle",
"vehicle"
],
[
"baby",
"baby"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "perambulator"
},
{
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "baby carriage"
}
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand",
"UK"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"A pushchair; a buggy."
],
"links": [
[
"pushchair",
"pushchair"
],
[
"buggy",
"buggy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, loosely) A pushchair; a buggy."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand",
"UK",
"broadly",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɹæm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æm"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-pram.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/En-au-pram.ogg/En-au-pram.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/En-au-pram.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
},
{
"enpr": "prăm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕarabat ʔaṭfāl",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "عَرَبَةْ أَطْفَال"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mankasaylak",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "մանկասայլակ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kalyaska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "կալյասկա"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kaljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "каля́ска"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "dzicjáčaja kaljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дзіця́чая каля́ска"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "détska kolíčka",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "де́тска коли́чка"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "童車"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tóngchē",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "童车"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "嬰兒車"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīng'érchē",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "婴儿车"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kočárek"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "barnevogn"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kinderwagen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "beboĉaro"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "beboĉareto"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "infanĉareto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "lastenvaunut"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "landau"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kinderwagen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "babakocsi"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barnavagn"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "naíchóiste"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cóiste linbh"
},
{
"alt": "うばぐるま",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ubaguruma",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "乳母車"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bebīkā",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "ベビーカー"
},
{
"alt": "乳母車",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yumocha",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "유모차"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kólička",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́личка"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "détska kólička",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "де́тска ко́личка"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xüüxdiin tereg",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хүүхдийн тэрэг"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "barnevogn"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barnevogn"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "kâleske",
"sense": "perambulator",
"word": "کالِسْکِه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wózek"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wózek dziecięcy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "carrinho de bebé"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "carrinho de bebê"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cărucior"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "коля́ска"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "détskaja koljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "де́тская коля́ска"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cochecito (de bebé)"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carrito (de bebé)"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "barnvagn"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "koljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "коля́ска"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dytjáča koljáska",
"sense": "perambulator",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дитя́ча коля́ска"
}
],
"word": "pram"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Old Czech",
"English terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːm",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːm/1 syllable",
"en:Babies",
"en:Watercraft",
"sh:Watercraft"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "praam",
"t": "a flat-bottomed boat"
},
"expansion": "Dutch praam (“a flat-bottomed boat”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "praem"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch praem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "prām"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German prām",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "",
"4": "*prám"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech *prám",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pormъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pormъ",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "farm"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of farm",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch praam (“a flat-bottomed boat”), from Middle Dutch praem, from Middle Low German prām, from Old Czech *prám, from Proto-Slavic *pormъ. Doublet of farm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prams",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pram (plural prams)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"A flat-bottomed barge used on shallow shores to convey cargo to and from ships that cannot enter the harbour."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"flat-bottomed",
"flat-bottomed"
],
[
"barge",
"barge"
],
[
"cargo",
"cargo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, historical) A flat-bottomed barge used on shallow shores to convey cargo to and from ships that cannot enter the harbour."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"A similar barge used as platform for cannons in shallow waters which seagoing warships cannot enter."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, historical) A similar barge used as platform for cannons in shallow waters which seagoing warships cannot enter."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "August 1979, F. M. Paulson, “Car-topable Craft”, in Field & Stream, page 50",
"text": "Although the pram, like the johnboat, has a squared-off bow as well as stern, the bow lines on the pram will be narrower than those encountered on a johnboat.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1994, Dave Hughes, Fly Fishing Basics",
"text": "Nothing can beat the simple pleasure of paddling a pram around on a foggy dawn, probing pad flats, stumps and fallen logs for lurking bass.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of dinghy with a flat bow."
],
"links": [
[
"dinghy",
"dinghy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɹɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pram (boat).wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pram_%28boat%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pram_%28boat%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pram_%28boat%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pram_%28boat%29.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "präm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "praam"
},
{
"word": "prahm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"word": "proomu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Prahm"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"word": "pramo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chata"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ploskodónka",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плоскодо́нка"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "flat-bottomed barge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prama"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of dinghy",
"word": "jolla"
}
],
"word": "pram"
}
{
"categories": [
"sh:Watercraft"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "prámr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse prámr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "prām"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German prām",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "",
"4": "*prám"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech *prám",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pormъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pormъ",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse prámr, from Middle Low German prām, from Old Czech *prám, from Proto-Slavic *pormъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prammen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prammar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prammane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a rowboat without a keel, a pram"
],
"links": [
[
"rowboat",
"rowboat#English"
],
[
"pram",
"pram#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"nn:Watercraft"
],
"glosses": [
"a barge"
],
"links": [
[
"barge",
"barge#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prɑmː/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nn:pram"
],
"word": "pram"
}
{
"categories": [
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"sh:Watercraft"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pormъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pormъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pormъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pormъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pormъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prȁm",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "пра̏м",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramova",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pramu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramovima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramove",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pramovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pramu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramovima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pramom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramovima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "prȁm"
},
"expansion": "prȁm m (Cyrillic spelling пра̏м)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pram"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pram",
"10": "pramovi",
"11": "pramu",
"12": "pramovima",
"13": "pramom",
"14": "pramovima",
"2": "pramovi",
"3": "prama",
"4": "pramova",
"5": "pramu",
"6": "pramovima",
"7": "pram",
"8": "pramove",
"9": "prame"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Serbo-Croatian terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"ferry"
],
"links": [
[
"ferry",
"ferry"
]
],
"qualifier": "seafaring",
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, seafaring) ferry"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prâm/"
}
],
"word": "pram"
}
{
"categories": [
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"sh:Watercraft"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "prȁmēn"
},
"expansion": "prȁmēn",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From prȁmēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prȃm",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "пра̑м",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pramu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pramu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pramom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pramima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "prȃm"
},
"expansion": "prȃm m (Cyrillic spelling пра̑м)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pram",
"10": "prami",
"11": "pramu",
"12": "pramima",
"13": "pramom",
"14": "pramima",
"2": "prami",
"3": "prama",
"4": "prama",
"5": "pramu",
"6": "pramima",
"7": "pram",
"8": "prame",
"9": "prame"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lock, tuft"
],
"links": [
[
"lock",
"lock"
],
[
"tuft",
"tuft"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prâːm/"
}
],
"word": "pram"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.