"plebeian" meaning in English

See plebeian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /pliˈbiːən/, /plɛbˈiːən/ Audio: en-us-plebeian.ogg [US] Forms: more plebeian [comparative], most plebeian [superlative]
Rhymes: -iːən Etymology: From Latin plēbēius (“a commoner; common”) + -an (“forming adjectives”), from Latin plēbēs + -ius (“forming adjectives”), possibly under the influence of Middle French plebeyen, plebein, plebien (“a commoner”) and plebeien (“concerning the common people”). Cf. Medieval Latin plēbēiānus (“a commoner”), from plēbēius + -ānus. Etymology templates: {{der|en|la|plēbēius||a commoner; common}} Latin plēbēius (“a commoner; common”), {{m|en|-an||forming adjectives}} -an (“forming adjectives”), {{der|en|la|plebes|plēbēs}} Latin plēbēs, {{m|la|-ius||forming adjectives}} -ius (“forming adjectives”), {{cog|frm|plebeyen}} Middle French plebeyen, {{m|frm|plebein}} plebein, {{m|frm|plebien||a commoner}} plebien (“a commoner”), {{m|frm|plebeien||concerning the common people}} plebeien (“concerning the common people”), {{cog|ML.|plēbēiānus||a commoner}} Medieval Latin plēbēiānus (“a commoner”), {{m|la|plēbēius}} plēbēius, {{m|la|-ānus}} -ānus Head templates: {{en-adj}} plebeian (comparative more plebeian, superlative most plebeian)
  1. (historical) Of or concerning the plebs, the common citizens of ancient Rome. Tags: historical Categories (place): Roman Empire
    Sense id: en-plebeian-en-adj-ZMm7p8RD Disambiguation of Roman Empire: 37 3 7 44 10 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 42 1 9 42 6
  2. Of or concerning the common people. Translations (of or pertaining to the common people): պլեբեյական (plebeyakan) (Armenian), ռամկական (ṙamkakan) (Armenian), плебейски (plebejski) (Bulgarian), plebeu (Catalan), plebejský (Czech), plebejisch (Dutch), volks (Dutch), vulgair (Dutch), rahvaanomainen (Finnish), plébéien (French), plebejisch (German), plebeo [masculine] (Italian), 賎しい (iyashii) (Japanese), 下賎な (gesen na) (Japanese), 平民の (heimin no) (Japanese), 庶民の (shomin no) (Japanese), plebeius (Latin), marhaen (Malay), عامیانه ('âmiyâne) (Persian), عوامانه ('avâmâne) (Persian), plebejski (Polish), plebeu (Portuguese), плебе́йский (plebéjskij) (Russian), plebejský (Slovak), plebeyo (Spanish), barriobajero (Spanish), plebejisk (Swedish), плебе́йський (plebéjsʹkyj) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-plebeian-en-adj-SAn5w~7z Disambiguation of 'of or pertaining to the common people': 16 60 24
  3. Common, particularly (derogatory) vulgar, crude, coarse, uncultured.
    Sense id: en-plebeian-en-adj-bBVy1LmZ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: plebian, plebeyan, plebean, plebeane, plebien [obsolete], of [common, vulgar], pertaining to the common people [common, vulgar] Derived forms: plebeianly, plebeianness

Noun

IPA: /pliˈbiːən/, /plɛbˈiːən/ Audio: en-us-plebeian.ogg [US] Forms: plebeians [plural]
Rhymes: -iːən Etymology: From Latin plēbēius (“a commoner; common”) + -an (“forming adjectives”), from Latin plēbēs + -ius (“forming adjectives”), possibly under the influence of Middle French plebeyen, plebein, plebien (“a commoner”) and plebeien (“concerning the common people”). Cf. Medieval Latin plēbēiānus (“a commoner”), from plēbēius + -ānus. Etymology templates: {{der|en|la|plēbēius||a commoner; common}} Latin plēbēius (“a commoner; common”), {{m|en|-an||forming adjectives}} -an (“forming adjectives”), {{der|en|la|plebes|plēbēs}} Latin plēbēs, {{m|la|-ius||forming adjectives}} -ius (“forming adjectives”), {{cog|frm|plebeyen}} Middle French plebeyen, {{m|frm|plebein}} plebein, {{m|frm|plebien||a commoner}} plebien (“a commoner”), {{m|frm|plebeien||concerning the common people}} plebeien (“concerning the common people”), {{cog|ML.|plēbēiānus||a commoner}} Medieval Latin plēbēiānus (“a commoner”), {{m|la|plēbēius}} plēbēius, {{m|la|-ānus}} -ānus Head templates: {{en-noun}} plebeian (plural plebeians)
  1. (historical, Ancient Rome) A member of the plebs, the common citizens of ancient Rome. Tags: Ancient-Rome, historical Categories (topical): Ancient Rome, People Categories (place): Roman Empire Synonyms: commoner, pleb, plebe Translations (one of the common people of ancient Rome): πληβεῖος (plēbeîos) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), պլեբեյ (plebey) (Armenian), плебе́й (pljebjéj) [masculine] (Belarusian), плебе́й (plebéj) [masculine] (Bulgarian), plebeu (Catalan), 平民 (píngmín) (Chinese Mandarin), 庶民 (shùmín) (Chinese Mandarin), plebej [masculine] (Czech), plebejec [masculine] (Czech), plebejer [common-gender] (Danish), plebejer [masculine] (Dutch), plebeiji (Finnish), plébéien [masculine] (French), Plebejer [masculine] (German), πληβείος (pliveíos) [masculine] (Greek), plebejus (Hungarian), plebeo [masculine] (Italian), 平民 (heimin) (alt: へいみん) (Japanese), 庶民 (shomin) (alt: しょみん) (Japanese), 下下 (shimojimo) (alt: しもじも) (Japanese), 평민 (pyeongmin) (alt: 平民) (Korean), 서민 (seomin) (alt: 庶民) (Korean), plēbēius [masculine] (Latin), плебеец (plebeec) [masculine] (Macedonian), kāraroraro (Maori), tautauhea (Maori), tautauwhea (Maori), plebejusz [masculine] (Polish), plebeu [masculine] (Portuguese), plebeu [masculine] (Romanian), плебе́й (plebéj) [masculine] (Russian), плебе́јац [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), plebéjac [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), plebejec [masculine] (Slovak), plebejec [masculine] (Slovene), plebeyo [masculine] (Spanish), plebej [common-gender] (Swedish), плебе́й (plebéj) [masculine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-plebeian-en-noun-lBaLnETk Disambiguation of People: 11 19 19 30 21 Disambiguation of Roman Empire: 37 3 7 44 10 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 42 1 9 42 6 Disambiguation of 'one of the common people of ancient Rome': 97 3
  2. A commoner, particularly (derogatory) a low, vulgar person. Synonyms: commoner, villain, peasant, nobody
    Sense id: en-plebeian-en-noun-ppITsRQc
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: plebian, plebeyan, plebean, plebeane, plebien [obsolete] Derived forms: pleb Related terms: plebe, plebs, plebeiance, plebeianism, plebeity, plebeiate

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for plebeian meaning in English (20.6kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pleb"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plēbēius",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a commoner; common"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plēbēius (“a commoner; common”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-an",
        "3": "",
        "4": "forming adjectives"
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      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plebes",
        "4": "plēbēs"
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      "expansion": "Latin plēbēs",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ius",
        "3": "",
        "4": "forming adjectives"
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      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plebeyen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French plebeyen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plebein"
      },
      "expansion": "plebein",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plebien",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a commoner"
      },
      "expansion": "plebien (“a commoner”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plebeien",
        "3": "",
        "4": "concerning the common people"
      },
      "expansion": "plebeien (“concerning the common people”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ML.",
        "2": "plēbēiānus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a commoner"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin plēbēiānus (“a commoner”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plēbēius"
      },
      "expansion": "plēbēius",
      "name": "m"
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        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ānus"
      },
      "expansion": "-ānus",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin plēbēius (“a commoner; common”) + -an (“forming adjectives”), from Latin plēbēs + -ius (“forming adjectives”), possibly under the influence of Middle French plebeyen, plebein, plebien (“a commoner”) and plebeien (“concerning the common people”). Cf. Medieval Latin plēbēiānus (“a commoner”), from plēbēius + -ānus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plebeians",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "plebeian (plural plebeians)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "plebe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "plebs"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "plebeiance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "plebeianism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "plebeity"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "plebeiate"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "patrician"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Ancient Rome",
          "orig": "en:Ancient Rome",
          "parents": [
            "Ancient Africa",
            "Ancient Europe",
            "Ancient history",
            "Ancient Near East",
            "History of Italy",
            "History of Africa",
            "History of Europe",
            "History",
            "Ancient Asia",
            "Italy",
            "Africa",
            "Europe",
            "All topics",
            "History of Asia",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "Fundamental",
            "Asia",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 1 9 42 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 19 19 30 21",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 3 7 44 10",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Roman Empire",
          "orig": "en:Roman Empire",
          "parents": [
            "Africa",
            "Asia",
            "Europe",
            "Rome",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "Lazio",
            "Nature",
            "Italy",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1533, John Bellenden translating Livy, History of Rome, Vol. II, Ch. iv, Sect. ii",
          "text": "Na plebeane will tak þe dochter of ane patriciane but hir consent."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A member of the plebs, the common citizens of ancient Rome."
      ],
      "id": "en-plebeian-en-noun-lBaLnETk",
      "links": [
        [
          "Ancient Rome",
          "Ancient Rome"
        ],
        [
          "member",
          "member"
        ],
        [
          "plebs",
          "plebs"
        ],
        [
          "common",
          "common"
        ],
        [
          "citizen",
          "citizen"
        ],
        [
          "ancient",
          "ancient"
        ],
        [
          "Rome",
          "Rome"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical, Ancient Rome) A member of the plebs, the common citizens of ancient Rome."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "commoner"
        },
        {
          "word": "pleb"
        },
        {
          "word": "plebe"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Rome",
        "historical"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "plebey",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "word": "պլեբեյ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "pljebjéj",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "плебе́й"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "plebéj",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "плебе́й"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "word": "plebeu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "píngmín",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "word": "平民"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "shùmín",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "word": "庶民"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plebej"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plebejec"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "plebejer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plebejer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "word": "plebeiji"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plébéien"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Plebejer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "pliveíos",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "πληβείος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "plēbeîos",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "πληβεῖος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "word": "plebejus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plebeo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "alt": "へいみん",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "heimin",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "word": "平民"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "alt": "しょみん",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shomin",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "word": "庶民"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "alt": "しもじも",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shimojimo",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "word": "下下"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "alt": "平民",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "pyeongmin",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "word": "평민"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "alt": "庶民",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "seomin",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "word": "서민"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plēbēius"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "plebeec",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "плебеец"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "word": "kāraroraro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "word": "tautauhea"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "word": "tautauwhea"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plebejusz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plebeu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plebeu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "plebéj",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "плебе́й"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "плебе́јац"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plebéjac"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plebejec"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plebejec"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plebeyo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "plebej"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "plebéj",
          "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "плебе́й"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "noble"
        },
        {
          "word": "aristocrat"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "c. 1550, Robert Wedderburn, The Complaynt of Scotlande..., Ch. xv, p. 102",
          "text": "There blude... vald hef na bettir cullour nor the blude of ane plebien or of ane mecanik craftis man."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, published 1973, § 3",
          "text": "The feelings of our heart, the agitation of our passions, the vehemence of our affections, dissipate all its conclusions, and reduce the profound philosopher to a mere plebeian.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A commoner, particularly (derogatory) a low, vulgar person."
      ],
      "id": "en-plebeian-en-noun-ppITsRQc",
      "links": [
        [
          "commoner",
          "commoner"
        ],
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "low",
          "low"
        ],
        [
          "vulgar",
          "vulgar"
        ],
        [
          "person",
          "person"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "commoner"
        },
        {
          "word": "villain"
        },
        {
          "word": "peasant"
        },
        {
          "word": "nobody"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pliˈbiːən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/plɛbˈiːən/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-plebeian.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/En-us-plebeian.ogg/En-us-plebeian.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/En-us-plebeian.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "plebian"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "plebeyan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "plebean"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "plebeane"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "plebien"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plebeian"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of \"of or pertaining to the common people\"",
      "word": "noble"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of \"of or pertaining to the common people\"",
      "word": "aristocratic"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "plebeianly"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "plebeianness"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plēbēius",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a commoner; common"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plēbēius (“a commoner; common”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-an",
        "3": "",
        "4": "forming adjectives"
      },
      "expansion": "-an (“forming adjectives”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plebes",
        "4": "plēbēs"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plēbēs",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ius",
        "3": "",
        "4": "forming adjectives"
      },
      "expansion": "-ius (“forming adjectives”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plebeyen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French plebeyen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plebein"
      },
      "expansion": "plebein",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plebien",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a commoner"
      },
      "expansion": "plebien (“a commoner”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plebeien",
        "3": "",
        "4": "concerning the common people"
      },
      "expansion": "plebeien (“concerning the common people”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ML.",
        "2": "plēbēiānus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a commoner"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin plēbēiānus (“a commoner”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plēbēius"
      },
      "expansion": "plēbēius",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ānus"
      },
      "expansion": "-ānus",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin plēbēius (“a commoner; common”) + -an (“forming adjectives”), from Latin plēbēs + -ius (“forming adjectives”), possibly under the influence of Middle French plebeyen, plebein, plebien (“a commoner”) and plebeien (“concerning the common people”). Cf. Medieval Latin plēbēiānus (“a commoner”), from plēbēius + -ānus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more plebeian",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most plebeian",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "plebeian (comparative more plebeian, superlative most plebeian)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "42 1 9 42 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 3 7 44 10",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Roman Empire",
          "orig": "en:Roman Empire",
          "parents": [
            "Africa",
            "Asia",
            "Europe",
            "Rome",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "Lazio",
            "Nature",
            "Italy",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1566, William Painter, The Palace of Pleasure Beautified, Vol. I, Ch. iv, fol. 9 verso",
          "text": "To what purpose be the plebeian Magistrates ordeined?"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or concerning the plebs, the common citizens of ancient Rome."
      ],
      "id": "en-plebeian-en-adj-ZMm7p8RD",
      "links": [
        [
          "plebs",
          "plebs"
        ],
        [
          "common",
          "common"
        ],
        [
          "citizen",
          "citizen"
        ],
        [
          "ancient",
          "ancient"
        ],
        [
          "Rome",
          "Rome"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Of or concerning the plebs, the common citizens of ancient Rome."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1602, William Watson, A Decacordon of Ten Quodlibeticall Questions, page 301",
          "text": "...priuate person or plebian multitude...",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or concerning the common people."
      ],
      "id": "en-plebeian-en-adj-SAn5w~7z",
      "links": [
        [
          "common",
          "common"
        ],
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "plebeyakan",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "պլեբեյական"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "ṙamkakan",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "ռամկական"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "plebejski",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "плебейски"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "plebeu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "plebejský"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "plebejisch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "volks"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "vulgair"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "rahvaanomainen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "plébéien"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "plebejisch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plebeo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "iyashii",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "賎しい"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "gesen na",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "下賎な"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "heimin no",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "平民の"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shomin no",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "庶民の"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "plebeius"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "marhaen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "'âmiyâne",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "عامیانه"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "'avâmâne",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "عوامانه"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "plebejski"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "plebeu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "plebéjskij",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "плебе́йский"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "plebejský"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "plebeyo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "barriobajero"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "plebejisk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "note": "ayak takımı (informal - + inflection suffixes)",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 60 24",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "plebéjsʹkyj",
          "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
          "word": "плебе́йський"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1615, Robert Armin, The Valiant Welshman, Vol. i, Ch. i, sig. B",
          "text": "For to plebeyan wits, it is as good,\nAs to be silent, as not vnderstood."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1953, Arthur Hamilton (lyrics and music), “Cry Me a River”",
          "text": "[…] told me love was too plebeian / told me you were through with me",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016 September 8, Andrew Cunningham, “The $10,000 golden Apple Watch is no more”, in Arstechnica",
          "text": "Completely absent was any mention of the Apple Watch Edition branding, which Apple used last year to launch a pair of $10,000-and-up Apple Watches that worked the same way as the cheap ones but were made out of actual gold instead of workaday, plebeian metals.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Common, particularly (derogatory) vulgar, crude, coarse, uncultured."
      ],
      "id": "en-plebeian-en-adj-bBVy1LmZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "Common",
          "common"
        ],
        [
          "particularly",
          "particularly"
        ],
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "vulgar",
          "vulgar"
        ],
        [
          "crude",
          "crude"
        ],
        [
          "coarse",
          "coarse"
        ],
        [
          "uncultured",
          "uncultured"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pliˈbiːən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/plɛbˈiːən/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-plebeian.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/En-us-plebeian.ogg/En-us-plebeian.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/En-us-plebeian.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "plebian"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "plebeyan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "plebean"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "plebeane"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "plebien"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "common",
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "of"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "common",
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "pertaining to the common people"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plebeian"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:English/iːən",
    "Rhymes:English/iːən/3 syllables",
    "en:People",
    "en:Roman Empire"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "pleb"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plēbēius",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a commoner; common"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plēbēius (“a commoner; common”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-an",
        "3": "",
        "4": "forming adjectives"
      },
      "expansion": "-an (“forming adjectives”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plebes",
        "4": "plēbēs"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plēbēs",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ius",
        "3": "",
        "4": "forming adjectives"
      },
      "expansion": "-ius (“forming adjectives”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plebeyen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French plebeyen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plebein"
      },
      "expansion": "plebein",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plebien",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a commoner"
      },
      "expansion": "plebien (“a commoner”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plebeien",
        "3": "",
        "4": "concerning the common people"
      },
      "expansion": "plebeien (“concerning the common people”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ML.",
        "2": "plēbēiānus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a commoner"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin plēbēiānus (“a commoner”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plēbēius"
      },
      "expansion": "plēbēius",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ānus"
      },
      "expansion": "-ānus",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin plēbēius (“a commoner; common”) + -an (“forming adjectives”), from Latin plēbēs + -ius (“forming adjectives”), possibly under the influence of Middle French plebeyen, plebein, plebien (“a commoner”) and plebeien (“concerning the common people”). Cf. Medieval Latin plēbēiānus (“a commoner”), from plēbēius + -ānus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plebeians",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "plebeian (plural plebeians)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "plebe"
    },
    {
      "word": "plebs"
    },
    {
      "word": "plebeiance"
    },
    {
      "word": "plebeianism"
    },
    {
      "word": "plebeity"
    },
    {
      "word": "plebeiate"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "patrician"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "en:Ancient Rome"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1533, John Bellenden translating Livy, History of Rome, Vol. II, Ch. iv, Sect. ii",
          "text": "Na plebeane will tak þe dochter of ane patriciane but hir consent."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A member of the plebs, the common citizens of ancient Rome."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Ancient Rome",
          "Ancient Rome"
        ],
        [
          "member",
          "member"
        ],
        [
          "plebs",
          "plebs"
        ],
        [
          "common",
          "common"
        ],
        [
          "citizen",
          "citizen"
        ],
        [
          "ancient",
          "ancient"
        ],
        [
          "Rome",
          "Rome"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical, Ancient Rome) A member of the plebs, the common citizens of ancient Rome."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "commoner"
        },
        {
          "word": "pleb"
        },
        {
          "word": "plebe"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Rome",
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "noble"
        },
        {
          "word": "aristocrat"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English derogatory terms",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "c. 1550, Robert Wedderburn, The Complaynt of Scotlande..., Ch. xv, p. 102",
          "text": "There blude... vald hef na bettir cullour nor the blude of ane plebien or of ane mecanik craftis man."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, published 1973, § 3",
          "text": "The feelings of our heart, the agitation of our passions, the vehemence of our affections, dissipate all its conclusions, and reduce the profound philosopher to a mere plebeian.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A commoner, particularly (derogatory) a low, vulgar person."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "commoner",
          "commoner"
        ],
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "low",
          "low"
        ],
        [
          "vulgar",
          "vulgar"
        ],
        [
          "person",
          "person"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "commoner"
        },
        {
          "word": "villain"
        },
        {
          "word": "peasant"
        },
        {
          "word": "nobody"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pliˈbiːən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/plɛbˈiːən/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-plebeian.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/En-us-plebeian.ogg/En-us-plebeian.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/En-us-plebeian.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "plebian"
    },
    {
      "word": "plebeyan"
    },
    {
      "word": "plebean"
    },
    {
      "word": "plebeane"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "plebien"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "plebey",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "word": "պլեբեյ"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "pljebjéj",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "плебе́й"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "plebéj",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "плебе́й"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "word": "plebeu"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "píngmín",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "word": "平民"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "shùmín",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "word": "庶民"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plebej"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plebejec"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "plebejer"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plebejer"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "word": "plebeiji"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plébéien"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Plebejer"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "pliveíos",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "πληβείος"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "plēbeîos",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "πληβεῖος"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "word": "plebejus"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plebeo"
    },
    {
      "alt": "へいみん",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "heimin",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "word": "平民"
    },
    {
      "alt": "しょみん",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shomin",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "word": "庶民"
    },
    {
      "alt": "しもじも",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shimojimo",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "word": "下下"
    },
    {
      "alt": "平民",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "pyeongmin",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "word": "평민"
    },
    {
      "alt": "庶民",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "seomin",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "word": "서민"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plēbēius"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "plebeec",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "плебеец"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "word": "kāraroraro"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "word": "tautauhea"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "word": "tautauwhea"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plebejusz"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plebeu"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plebeu"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "plebéj",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "плебе́й"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "плебе́јац"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plebéjac"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plebejec"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plebejec"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plebeyo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "plebej"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "plebéj",
      "sense": "one of the common people of ancient Rome",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "плебе́й"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plebeian"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of \"of or pertaining to the common people\"",
      "word": "noble"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of \"of or pertaining to the common people\"",
      "word": "aristocratic"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:English/iːən",
    "Rhymes:English/iːən/3 syllables",
    "en:People",
    "en:Roman Empire"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "plebeianly"
    },
    {
      "word": "plebeianness"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plēbēius",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a commoner; common"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plēbēius (“a commoner; common”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-an",
        "3": "",
        "4": "forming adjectives"
      },
      "expansion": "-an (“forming adjectives”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plebes",
        "4": "plēbēs"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plēbēs",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ius",
        "3": "",
        "4": "forming adjectives"
      },
      "expansion": "-ius (“forming adjectives”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plebeyen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French plebeyen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plebein"
      },
      "expansion": "plebein",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plebien",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a commoner"
      },
      "expansion": "plebien (“a commoner”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "plebeien",
        "3": "",
        "4": "concerning the common people"
      },
      "expansion": "plebeien (“concerning the common people”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ML.",
        "2": "plēbēiānus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a commoner"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin plēbēiānus (“a commoner”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plēbēius"
      },
      "expansion": "plēbēius",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ānus"
      },
      "expansion": "-ānus",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin plēbēius (“a commoner; common”) + -an (“forming adjectives”), from Latin plēbēs + -ius (“forming adjectives”), possibly under the influence of Middle French plebeyen, plebein, plebien (“a commoner”) and plebeien (“concerning the common people”). Cf. Medieval Latin plēbēiānus (“a commoner”), from plēbēius + -ānus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more plebeian",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most plebeian",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "plebeian (comparative more plebeian, superlative most plebeian)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1566, William Painter, The Palace of Pleasure Beautified, Vol. I, Ch. iv, fol. 9 verso",
          "text": "To what purpose be the plebeian Magistrates ordeined?"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or concerning the plebs, the common citizens of ancient Rome."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plebs",
          "plebs"
        ],
        [
          "common",
          "common"
        ],
        [
          "citizen",
          "citizen"
        ],
        [
          "ancient",
          "ancient"
        ],
        [
          "Rome",
          "Rome"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Of or concerning the plebs, the common citizens of ancient Rome."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1602, William Watson, A Decacordon of Ten Quodlibeticall Questions, page 301",
          "text": "...priuate person or plebian multitude...",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or concerning the common people."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "common",
          "common"
        ],
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English derogatory terms",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1615, Robert Armin, The Valiant Welshman, Vol. i, Ch. i, sig. B",
          "text": "For to plebeyan wits, it is as good,\nAs to be silent, as not vnderstood."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1953, Arthur Hamilton (lyrics and music), “Cry Me a River”",
          "text": "[…] told me love was too plebeian / told me you were through with me",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016 September 8, Andrew Cunningham, “The $10,000 golden Apple Watch is no more”, in Arstechnica",
          "text": "Completely absent was any mention of the Apple Watch Edition branding, which Apple used last year to launch a pair of $10,000-and-up Apple Watches that worked the same way as the cheap ones but were made out of actual gold instead of workaday, plebeian metals.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Common, particularly (derogatory) vulgar, crude, coarse, uncultured."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Common",
          "common"
        ],
        [
          "particularly",
          "particularly"
        ],
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "vulgar",
          "vulgar"
        ],
        [
          "crude",
          "crude"
        ],
        [
          "coarse",
          "coarse"
        ],
        [
          "uncultured",
          "uncultured"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pliˈbiːən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/plɛbˈiːən/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-plebeian.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/En-us-plebeian.ogg/En-us-plebeian.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/En-us-plebeian.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "common",
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "of"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "common",
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "pertaining to the common people"
    },
    {
      "word": "plebian"
    },
    {
      "word": "plebeyan"
    },
    {
      "word": "plebean"
    },
    {
      "word": "plebeane"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "plebien"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "plebeyakan",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "պլեբեյական"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "ṙamkakan",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "ռամկական"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "plebejski",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "плебейски"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "plebeu"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "plebejský"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "plebejisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "volks"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "vulgair"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "rahvaanomainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "plébéien"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "plebejisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plebeo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "iyashii",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "賎しい"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "gesen na",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "下賎な"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "heimin no",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "平民の"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shomin no",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "庶民の"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "plebeius"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "marhaen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "'âmiyâne",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "عامیانه"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "'avâmâne",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "عوامانه"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "plebejski"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "plebeu"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "plebéjskij",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "плебе́йский"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "plebejský"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "plebeyo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "barriobajero"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "plebejisk"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "note": "ayak takımı (informal - + inflection suffixes)",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "plebéjsʹkyj",
      "sense": "of or pertaining to the common people",
      "word": "плебе́йський"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plebeian"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.