See palatalization in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "depalatalization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "first palatalization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nonpalatalization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "palatalizational"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "second palatalization"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "palatal",
"4": "-ization",
"5": ":af",
"6": "palatalize",
"7": "-ation",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-osder.\nLatin palātumder.\nOld French palatbor.\nMiddle English palate\nEnglish palate\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish palatal\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ization\n▲\nEnglish palatal\n▲\nEnglish -ize\nEnglish palatalize\n▲\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish palatalization\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*pleh₂-os\", \"id\" : \"flat\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleth₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"fold\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"palātum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"palat\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"palate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"palate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"palatal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"-izō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-iser\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-isen\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-acioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ization\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"en\", \"2\" : \":af\", \"3\" : \"palate\", \"4\" : \"-al<id:adjectival suffix>\", \"text\" : \"+\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"palatal\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"en\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"enm:-isen<ety:bor<frm:-iser<ety:der<la-lat:-izō>>>>\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ize\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"palatalize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"en\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"enm:-acioun\", \"text\" : \"++\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"palatalization\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"palatalization\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "palatal",
"3": "ization"
},
"expansion": "palatal + -ization",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "palatalize",
"3": "ation"
},
"expansion": "palatalize + -ation",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-osder.\nLatin palātumder.\nOld French palatbor.\nMiddle English palate\nEnglish palate\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish palatal\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ization\n▲\nEnglish palatal\n▲\nEnglish -ize\nEnglish palatalize\n▲\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish palatalization\nFrom palatal + -ization or palatalize + -ation. First attested in 1863 in this spelling, 1862 in the spelling palatalisation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "palatalizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "palatalisation",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "palatalization (countable and uncountable, plural palatalizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonology",
"orig": "en:Phonology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ization",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kashmiri translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
62
]
],
"text": "The word \"nature\" is commonly pronounced with a palatalization of the letter t to sound like ch.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state or quality of being palatalized, of pronouncing a sound with the tongue against the palate of the mouth that normally is not."
],
"id": "en-palatalization-en-noun-gVrvE7uu",
"links": [
[
"phonology",
"phonology"
],
[
"palatalize",
"palatalize"
],
[
"pronouncing",
"pronounce"
],
[
"palate",
"palate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonology, uncountable) The state or quality of being palatalized, of pronouncing a sound with the tongue against the palate of the mouth that normally is not."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "kʻmaynacʻum",
"sense": "state",
"word": "քմայնացում"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "pʻapʻkacʻum",
"sense": "state",
"word": "փափկացում"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense": "state",
"word": "bustidura"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "palatalizácija",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "палатализа́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalització"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "èhuà",
"sense": "state",
"word": "顎化 /颚化"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "èhuà",
"sense": "state",
"word": "腭化"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "èyīnhuà",
"sense": "state",
"word": "顎音化 /颚音化"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "èyīnhuà",
"sense": "state",
"word": "腭音化"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalizace"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "state",
"word": "palatalisering"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "state",
"word": "peenendus"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "state",
"word": "palatalisatsioon"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "state",
"word": "liudentuminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "state",
"word": "palatalisaatio"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalización"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ouranikopoíisi",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ουρανικοποίηση"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ouránosi",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ουράνωση"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "state",
"word": "palatalizáció"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "caoile"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalizzazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"alt": "こうがいおんか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kōgai onka",
"sense": "state",
"word": "口蓋音化"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"lang_code": "ks",
"roman": "tālran",
"sense": "state",
"word": "تالرَن"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"alt": "口蓋音化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "gugaeeumhwa",
"sense": "state",
"word": "구개음화"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "tagnajšil",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "тагнайшил"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "tagnajšix",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"China",
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "тагнайших"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"raw_tags": [
"Mongolian script"
],
"roman": "tangnayisil",
"sense": "state",
"word": "ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"raw_tags": [
"Mongolian script"
],
"roman": "tangnayisiqu",
"sense": "state",
"word": "ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠤ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "state",
"word": "palatalisering"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalizacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zmiękczenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalização"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatização"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "palatalizácija",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "палатализа́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "smjaxčénije",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "смягче́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "palatachadh"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalizacija"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalizácia"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalización"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "state",
"word": "palatalisering"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "state",
"word": "vòm hoá"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "taflodoli"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonology",
"orig": "en:Phonology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ization",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An instance of pronunciation in which a sound is palatalized."
],
"id": "en-palatalization-en-noun-SRh3AsKQ",
"links": [
[
"phonology",
"phonology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonology, countable) An instance of pronunciation in which a sound is palatalized."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "kʻmaynacʻum",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "քմայնացում"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "pʻapʻkacʻum",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "փափկացում"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "palatalizácija",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "палатализа́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalització"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "èyīnhuà",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "顎音化 /颚音化"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "peenendus"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "palatalisatsioon"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "liudennus"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "palatalisointi"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalización"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗalaṭalizacia",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "პალატალიზაცია"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Palatalisierung"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "palatalizálás"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caolú"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalizzazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"alt": "こうがいおんか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kōgaionka",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "口蓋音化"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"lang_code": "ks",
"roman": "tālran",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "تالرَن"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"alt": "口蓋音化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "gugaeeumhwa",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "구개음화"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalizacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zmiękczenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalização"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatização"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "palatalizácija",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "палатализа́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "smjaxčénije",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "смягче́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "palatachadh"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalización"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "vòm hoá"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "taflodoliad"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpælətəlɪˈzeɪʃən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-palatalization.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-palatalization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-palatalization.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-palatalization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-palatalization.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "palatalization"
}
{
"categories": [
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pel- (fold)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₂-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleth₂-",
"English terms suffixed with -ation",
"English terms suffixed with -ization",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kashmiri translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "depalatalization"
},
{
"word": "first palatalization"
},
{
"word": "nonpalatalization"
},
{
"word": "palatalizational"
},
{
"word": "second palatalization"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "palatal",
"4": "-ization",
"5": ":af",
"6": "palatalize",
"7": "-ation",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-osder.\nLatin palātumder.\nOld French palatbor.\nMiddle English palate\nEnglish palate\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish palatal\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ization\n▲\nEnglish palatal\n▲\nEnglish -ize\nEnglish palatalize\n▲\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish palatalization\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*pleh₂-os\", \"id\" : \"flat\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleth₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"fold\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pleh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"palātum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"palat\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"palate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"palate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"palatal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"-izō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-iser\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-isen\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-acioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ization\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"en\", \"2\" : \":af\", \"3\" : \"palate\", \"4\" : \"-al<id:adjectival suffix>\", \"text\" : \"+\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"palatal\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"en\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"enm:-isen<ety:bor<frm:-iser<ety:der<la-lat:-izō>>>>\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ize\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"palatalize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"en\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"enm:-acioun\", \"text\" : \"++\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"palatalization\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"palatalization\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "palatal",
"3": "ization"
},
"expansion": "palatal + -ization",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "palatalize",
"3": "ation"
},
"expansion": "palatalize + -ation",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-osder.\nLatin palātumder.\nOld French palatbor.\nMiddle English palate\nEnglish palate\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish palatal\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ization\n▲\nEnglish palatal\n▲\nEnglish -ize\nEnglish palatalize\n▲\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish palatalization\nFrom palatal + -ization or palatalize + -ation. First attested in 1863 in this spelling, 1862 in the spelling palatalisation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "palatalizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "palatalisation",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "palatalization (countable and uncountable, plural palatalizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Phonology"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
62
]
],
"text": "The word \"nature\" is commonly pronounced with a palatalization of the letter t to sound like ch.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state or quality of being palatalized, of pronouncing a sound with the tongue against the palate of the mouth that normally is not."
],
"links": [
[
"phonology",
"phonology"
],
[
"palatalize",
"palatalize"
],
[
"pronouncing",
"pronounce"
],
[
"palate",
"palate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonology, uncountable) The state or quality of being palatalized, of pronouncing a sound with the tongue against the palate of the mouth that normally is not."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"en:Phonology"
],
"glosses": [
"An instance of pronunciation in which a sound is palatalized."
],
"links": [
[
"phonology",
"phonology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonology, countable) An instance of pronunciation in which a sound is palatalized."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpælətəlɪˈzeɪʃən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-palatalization.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-palatalization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-palatalization.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-palatalization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-palatalization.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "kʻmaynacʻum",
"sense": "state",
"word": "քմայնացում"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "pʻapʻkacʻum",
"sense": "state",
"word": "փափկացում"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense": "state",
"word": "bustidura"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "palatalizácija",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "палатализа́ция"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalització"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "èhuà",
"sense": "state",
"word": "顎化 /颚化"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "èhuà",
"sense": "state",
"word": "腭化"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "èyīnhuà",
"sense": "state",
"word": "顎音化 /颚音化"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "èyīnhuà",
"sense": "state",
"word": "腭音化"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalizace"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "state",
"word": "palatalisering"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "state",
"word": "peenendus"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "state",
"word": "palatalisatsioon"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "state",
"word": "liudentuminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "state",
"word": "palatalisaatio"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalisation"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalización"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ouranikopoíisi",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ουρανικοποίηση"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ouránosi",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ουράνωση"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "state",
"word": "palatalizáció"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "caoile"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalizzazione"
},
{
"alt": "こうがいおんか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kōgai onka",
"sense": "state",
"word": "口蓋音化"
},
{
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"lang_code": "ks",
"roman": "tālran",
"sense": "state",
"word": "تالرَن"
},
{
"alt": "口蓋音化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "gugaeeumhwa",
"sense": "state",
"word": "구개음화"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "tagnajšil",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "тагнайшил"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "tagnajšix",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"China",
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "тагнайших"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"raw_tags": [
"Mongolian script"
],
"roman": "tangnayisil",
"sense": "state",
"word": "ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"raw_tags": [
"Mongolian script"
],
"roman": "tangnayisiqu",
"sense": "state",
"word": "ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠤ"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "state",
"word": "palatalisering"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalizacja"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zmiękczenie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalização"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatização"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "palatalizácija",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "палатализа́ция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "smjaxčénije",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "смягче́ние"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "palatachadh"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalizacija"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalizácia"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalización"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "state",
"word": "palatalisering"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "state",
"word": "vòm hoá"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "taflodoli"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "kʻmaynacʻum",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "քմայնացում"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "pʻapʻkacʻum",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "փափկացում"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "palatalizácija",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "палатализа́ция"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalització"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "èyīnhuà",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "顎音化 /颚音化"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "peenendus"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "palatalisatsioon"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "liudennus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "palatalisointi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalisation"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalización"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗalaṭalizacia",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "პალატალიზაცია"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Palatalisierung"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "palatalizálás"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caolú"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalizzazione"
},
{
"alt": "こうがいおんか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kōgaionka",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "口蓋音化"
},
{
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"lang_code": "ks",
"roman": "tālran",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "تالرَن"
},
{
"alt": "口蓋音化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "gugaeeumhwa",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "구개음화"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalizacja"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zmiękczenie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalização"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatização"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "palatalizácija",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "палатализа́ция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "smjaxčénije",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "смягче́ние"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "palatachadh"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palatalización"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "instance",
"word": "vòm hoá"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "instance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "taflodoliad"
}
],
"word": "palatalization"
}
Download raw JSONL data for palatalization meaning in English (24.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.