See orthogonal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for orthogonal meaning in English (20.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "orthogonal complement"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "orthogonal function"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "orthogonal group"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "orthogonality"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "orthogonals"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ortho-",
"3": "-gon",
"4": "-al"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, ortho- + -gon + -al",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "orthogonal"
},
"expansion": "French orthogonal",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "orthogōnālis"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin orthogōnālis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "orthogōnius",
"4": "",
"5": "right-angled"
},
"expansion": "Latin orthogōnius (“right-angled”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By surface analysis, ortho- + -gon + -al. From French orthogonal, from Medieval Latin orthogōnālis, from Latin orthogōnius (“right-angled”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "orthogonal (not comparable)",
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "biorthogonal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "orthogonal base"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "orthogonalization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "orthogonal matrix"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "orthogonal transform"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "orthonormal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "semiorthogonal"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geometry",
"orig": "en:Geometry",
"parents": [
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"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
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{
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"examples": [
{
"text": "A chord and the radius that bisects it are orthogonal.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of two objects, at right angles; perpendicular to each other."
],
"id": "en-orthogonal-en-adj-SmxsbTDX",
"links": [
[
"geometry",
"geometry"
],
[
"right angle",
"right angle"
],
[
"perpendicular",
"perpendicular"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geometry) Of two objects, at right angles; perpendicular to each other."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
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"topics": [
"geometry",
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"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pravoǎgǎlen",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "правоъгълен"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ortogonal"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "pravoúhlý"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ortogonal"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "vinkelret"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "orthogonaal"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "loodrecht"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ortogonaalinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "suorakulmainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "orthogonal"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "rechtwinklig"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "orthogónios",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ορθογώνιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ortogonális"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ortagánach"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ingearach"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "dronuilleach"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ortogonale"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ortogonal"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ortogonal"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ortogonal"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "perpendicular"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prjamougólʹnyj",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "прямоуго́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ortogonálʹnyj",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ортогона́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ortogonal"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ortogonal"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "vinkelrät"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 4 3 10 3 2 2 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "rätvinklig"
}
]
},
{
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"name": "Mathematics",
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],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The normal vector and tangent vector at a given point are orthogonal.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a pair of vectors: having a zero inner product; perpendicular."
],
"id": "en-orthogonal-en-adj-ilfqrEXl",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"inner product",
"inner product"
],
[
"perpendicular",
"perpendicular"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics)",
"Of a pair of vectors: having a zero inner product; perpendicular."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
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],
"glosses": [
"Of a square matrix: such that its transpose is equal to its inverse."
],
"id": "en-orthogonal-en-adj-6P0Dqt98",
"links": [
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"mathematics",
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],
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"matrix",
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],
[
"transpose",
"transpose"
],
[
"inverse",
"inverse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics)",
"Of a square matrix: such that its transpose is equal to its inverse."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
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"topics": [
"mathematics",
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "10 4 13 17 12 7 11 11 13 1",
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{
"_dis": "12 6 13 16 12 7 11 11 10 2",
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"name": "English terms suffixed with -gon",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a linear transformation: preserving its angles."
],
"id": "en-orthogonal-en-adj-vRN~r4QC",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
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[
"linear",
"linear"
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"transformation",
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[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics)",
"Of a linear transformation: preserving its angles."
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"tags": [
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"topics": [
"mathematics",
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{
"categories": [
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{
"_dis": "12 6 13 16 12 7 11 11 10 2",
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"name": "English terms suffixed with -gon",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of grid graphs, board games and polyominoes: vertical or horizontal but not diagonal."
],
"id": "en-orthogonal-en-adj-O3ipeJjd",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"vertical",
"vertical"
],
[
"horizontal",
"horizontal"
],
[
"diagonal",
"diagonal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics)",
"Of grid graphs, board games and polyominoes: vertical or horizontal but not diagonal."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
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"Formal sciences",
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a pair of elements in an ortholattice: each less than or equal to the orthocomplement of the other."
],
"id": "en-orthogonal-en-adj-aRVwcK0c",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"ortholattice",
"ortholattice"
],
[
"orthocomplement",
"orthocomplement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics)",
"Of a pair of elements in an ortholattice: each less than or equal to the orthocomplement of the other."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Statistics",
"orig": "en:Statistics",
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"Formal sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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"_dis": "8 4 11 13 13 10 14 14 12",
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{
"_dis": "12 6 13 16 12 7 11 11 10 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -gon",
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],
"glosses": [
"Statistically independent, with reference to variates."
],
"id": "en-orthogonal-en-adj-p~SiRPJM",
"links": [
[
"statistics",
"statistics"
],
[
"independent",
"independent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(statistics) Statistically independent, with reference to variates."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences",
"statistics"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 2 3 2 67 2 20",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "statistically independent",
"word": "tilastollisesti riippumaton"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 2 3 2 67 2 20",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "statistically independent",
"word": "orthogonal"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 2 3 2 67 2 20",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "statistically independent",
"word": "ortagánach"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 2 3 2 67 2 20",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "statistically independent",
"word": "ingearach"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 2 3 2 67 2 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ortogonálʹnyj",
"sense": "statistically independent",
"word": "ортогона́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 2 3 2 67 2 20",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "statistically independent",
"word": "ortogonal"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Software engineering",
"orig": "en:Software engineering",
"parents": [
"Computer science",
"Engineering",
"Software",
"Computing",
"Sciences",
"Applied sciences",
"Technology",
"Media",
"All topics",
"Communication",
"Fundamental"
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{
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"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "12 7 14 16 12 7 8 12 10 2",
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{
"_dis": "12 6 13 16 12 7 11 11 10 2",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The content of the message should be orthogonal to the means of its delivery.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Andrew Hunt, David Thomas, The Pragmatic Programmer: From Journeyman to Master, Addison-Wesley Professional, page 36",
"text": "An orthogonal approach also promotes reuse. If components have specific, well-defined responsibilities, they can be combined with new components in ways that were not envisioned by their original implementors.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of two or more aspects of a problem, able to be treated separately; of a design, exhibiting consistency and composability."
],
"id": "en-orthogonal-en-adj-V2HW5k7r",
"links": [
[
"software engineering",
"software engineering"
],
[
"consistency",
"consistency"
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[
"composability",
"composability"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(software engineering) Of two or more aspects of a problem, able to be treated separately; of a design, exhibiting consistency and composability."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences",
"software"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 2 4 6 4 4 6 56 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "software: able to be treated separately",
"word": "riippumaton"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 2 4 6 4 4 6 56 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "software: able to be treated separately",
"word": "indépendant"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 2 4 6 4 4 6 56 9",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "software: able to be treated separately",
"word": "ortagánach"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 2 4 6 4 4 6 56 9",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "software: able to be treated separately",
"word": "ingearach"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 2 4 6 4 4 6 56 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "software: able to be treated separately",
"word": "independiente"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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{
"_dis": "12 6 13 16 12 7 11 11 10 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -gon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of two or more problems or subjects, independent of or irrelevant to each other."
],
"id": "en-orthogonal-en-adj-fsTzLzxk",
"links": [
[
"independent",
"independent"
],
[
"irrelevant",
"irrelevant"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔːˈθɒɡ.ə.nəl/",
"tags": [
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},
{
"ipa": "/ɔɹˈθɑɡ.ə.nəl/",
"tags": [
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{
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"tags": [
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"text": "Audio (US)"
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{
"audio": "en-au-orthogonal.ogg",
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"tags": [
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"text": "Audio (AU)"
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "11 10 12 16 10 10 17 11 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "mathematical term",
"word": "ortogonal"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 10 12 16 10 10 17 11 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhèngjiāo de",
"sense": "mathematical term",
"word": "正交的"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 10 12 16 10 10 17 11 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "mathematical term",
"word": "kolmý"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 10 12 16 10 10 17 11 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mathematical term",
"word": "orthogonaal"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 10 12 16 10 10 17 11 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mathematical term",
"word": "ortogonaalinen"
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{
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"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ortogonal"
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"sense": "of right angles",
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"sense": "of right angles",
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"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ortogonaalinen"
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"word": "orthogonal"
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"lang": "German",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "rechtwinklig"
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"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ορθογώνιος"
},
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"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ortogonális"
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"code": "ga",
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"word": "ortagánach"
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"word": "ingearach"
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"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "dronuilleach"
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"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "ortogonale"
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"word": "ortogonal"
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"word": "ortogonal"
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"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
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"word": "ortogonal"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "perpendicular"
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"code": "ru",
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"roman": "prjamougólʹnyj",
"sense": "of right angles",
"word": "прямоуго́льный"
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"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
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"sense": "mathematical term",
"word": "正交的"
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"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "mathematical term",
"word": "kolmý"
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{
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"word": "ortogonaalinen"
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"word": "indépendant"
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"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "orthogonal (plural orthogonals)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "uncorrelated"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An orthogonal line"
],
"links": [
[
"line",
"line"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔːˈθɒɡ.ə.nəl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔɹˈθɑɡ.ə.nəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-orthogonal.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/En-us-orthogonal.ogg/En-us-orthogonal.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/En-us-orthogonal.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-orthogonal.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/En-au-orthogonal.ogg/En-au-orthogonal.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/En-au-orthogonal.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Orthogonality",
"Orthogonality (programming)"
],
"word": "orthogonal"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.