See longitudinal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dorsolongitudinal"
},
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{
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"word": "medial longitudinal fasciculus"
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{
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{
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"_dis1": "12 86 1 0",
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"lang_code": "ja",
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"word": "縦の"
},
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"_dis1": "12 86 1 0",
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{
"_dis1": "16 16 68 0",
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{
"_dis1": "16 16 68 0",
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"lang_code": "ja",
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"word": "進行方向の"
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{
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"_dis1": "2 11 79 8",
"code": "fi",
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}
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"text": "Examining national longitudinal data, Mossakowski has found that people who were unemployed for long periods in their teens or early 20s are far more likely to develop a habit of heavy drinking (five or more drinks in one sitting) by the time they approach middle age.",
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{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 98",
"code": "fi",
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{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 98",
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"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
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"tags": [
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"word": "Längsschnitt"
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{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 98",
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"lang_code": "hu",
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"lang_code": "hu",
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{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 98",
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"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "sampling data over time",
"word": "comhréireach"
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{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 98",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "sampling data over time",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "дугорочни"
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{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 98",
"code": "sh",
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"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "sampling data over time",
"tags": [
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"word": "dugoročni"
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"sense": "sampling data over time",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɔŋ.ɡɪˈtʃʉw.dɪ.nəl/",
"tags": [
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɔn.dʒɪˈtu.dɪ.nəl/",
"tags": [
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]
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{
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"note": "weak vowel merger",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɑn.dʒɪˈtu.dɪ.nəl/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɑn.dʒəˈtu.də.nəl/",
"note": "weak vowel merger",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɒŋ.dʒəˈtu.də.nəl/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɔŋ.ɡəˈtʃʉː.də.nəl/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɒŋ.ɡəˈtʃʉː.də.nəl/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˌlɔ̟ŋɡəˈtʃʉːdənəl]",
"tags": [
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]
},
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],
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}
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{
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"2": "la",
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"4": "longitūdin-"
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"tags": [
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{
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{
"_dis1": "64 36",
"code": "fi",
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{
"_dis1": "64 36",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"note": "pitkittäis- + noun",
"sense": "any piece lying longitudinally"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 36",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "any piece lying longitudinally",
"word": "tari"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rail transportation",
"orig": "en:Rail transportation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 30 2 6 6 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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},
{
"_dis": "25 28 1 7 16 23",
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "27 29 1 8 11 25",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
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{
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{
"_dis": "27 32 3 11 8 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
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],
"id": "en-longitudinal-en-noun-2JEwtJhE",
"links": [
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"rail transport"
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[
"railway",
"railway"
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"sleeper"
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"parallel"
],
[
"rail",
"rail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rail transport) A railway sleeper lying parallel with the rail."
],
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"rail-transport",
"railways",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "type of railway sleeper",
"word": "pitkittäispölkky"
}
]
}
],
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{
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɔŋ.ɡɪˈtʃʉw.dɪ.nəl/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɔn.dʒɪˈtu.dɪ.nəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɔn.dʒəˈtu.də.nəl/",
"note": "weak vowel merger",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɑn.dʒɪˈtu.dɪ.nəl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
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{
"ipa": "/ˌlɑn.dʒəˈtu.də.nəl/",
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"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɒŋ.dʒəˈtu.də.nəl/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɔŋ.ɡəˈtʃʉː.də.nəl/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɒŋ.ɡəˈtʃʉː.də.nəl/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˌlɔ̟ŋɡəˈtʃʉːdənəl]",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
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],
"word": "longitudinal"
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"Terms with French translations",
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"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dorsolongitudinal"
},
{
"word": "heliolongitudinal"
},
{
"word": "longitudinal aberration"
},
{
"word": "longitudinal fissure"
},
{
"word": "longitudinally"
},
{
"word": "longitudinal recording"
},
{
"word": "longitudinal relaxation time"
},
{
"word": "longitudinal system"
},
{
"word": "longitudinal wave"
},
{
"word": "medial longitudinal fasciculus"
},
{
"word": "nonlongitudinal"
},
{
"word": "palaeolongitudinal"
},
{
"word": "paleolongitudinal"
},
{
"word": "pseudolongitudinal"
}
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{
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"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "",
"4": "longitūdin-"
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"expansion": "Latin longitūdin-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "longitude",
"3": "-in-",
"4": "-al"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, longitude + -in- + -al",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English longitudinal, from Latin longitūdin-, oblique stem of longitūdō (“length, longitude”). By surface analysis, longitude + -in- + -al.",
"head_templates": [
{
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"1": "-"
},
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "transverse"
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],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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21,
33
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"text": "The motion about the longitudinal axis of an airplane is called roll.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Running across a set direction of an object."
],
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lengthwise"
}
],
"tags": [
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},
{
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"English terms with usage examples",
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"bold_text_offsets": [
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92,
104
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],
"ref": "1960 November, “New electric multiple-units for British Railways: Glasgow Suburban”, in Trains Illustrated, page 660:",
"text": "The units have transverse seats, two and three astride the passageway with single or double longitudinal seats alongside the two entrance vestibules in each car.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
44
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],
"ref": "2008, Youlian Hong, Roger Bartlett, editors, Routledge Handbook of Biomechanics and Human Movement Science, Routledge, →ISBN, page 165:",
"text": "The third rotation is about the longitudinal axis of the thigh.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
71,
83
]
],
"ref": "2023 February 22, Paul Stephen, “TfL reveals first of new B23s for Docklands Light Railway”, in RAIL, number 977, page 12:",
"text": "Unlike the older trains, the new units have walk-through carriages and longitudinal rather than transverse seating.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Running across a set direction of an object.",
"Running in the direction of the long axis of a body."
],
"links": [
[
"direction",
"direction"
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[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
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[
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],
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"Running across a set direction of an object.",
"(anatomy) Running in the direction of the long axis of a body."
],
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{
"word": "craniocaudal"
},
{
"word": "cephalocaudal"
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{
"word": "rostrocaudal"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "latitudinal"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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4,
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],
"text": "The longitudinal position of a ship refers to its angular distance east or west from the prime meridian.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to the geographical longitude."
],
"links": [
[
"geographical",
"geographical"
],
[
"longitude",
"longitude"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Sciences"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "cross-sectional"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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],
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"text": "longitudinal studies",
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{
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"ref": "2010 March 1, Don Peck, “How a New Jobless Era Will Transform America”, in The Atlantic:",
"text": "Examining national longitudinal data, Mossakowski has found that people who were unemployed for long periods in their teens or early 20s are far more likely to develop a habit of heavy drinking (five or more drinks in one sitting) by the time they approach middle age.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a study, sampling data over time rather than merely once."
],
"links": [
[
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"sciences"
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[
"sampling",
"sample"
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[
"data",
"data"
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[
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"time"
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[
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"once"
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"raw_glosses": [
"(sciences) Of a study, sampling data over time rather than merely once."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɒŋ.ɡɪˈtjuː.dɪ.nəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɔŋ.ɡɪˈtʃʉw.dɪ.nəl/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
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{
"ipa": "/ˌlɔn.dʒɪˈtu.dɪ.nəl/",
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɔn.dʒəˈtu.də.nəl/",
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"tags": [
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɑn.dʒɪˈtu.dɪ.nəl/",
"tags": [
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{
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɒŋ.dʒəˈtu.də.nəl/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɔŋ.ɡəˈtʃʉː.də.nəl/",
"tags": [
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{
"ipa": "/ˌlɒŋ.ɡəˈtʃʉː.də.nəl/",
"tags": [
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{
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"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "relating to length",
"word": "pitkittäinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "relating to length",
"word": "pituussuuntainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "relating to length",
"word": "pituus-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "relating to length",
"word": "longitudinal"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "relating to length",
"word": "längenmäßig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "relating to length",
"word": "longitudinal"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "keido no",
"sense": "relating to length",
"word": "経度の"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "shinkōhōkō no",
"sense": "relating to length",
"word": "進行方向の"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "relating to length",
"word": "podłużny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "relating to length",
"word": "długościowy"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "relating to length",
"word": "longitudinal"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dolgótnyj",
"sense": "relating to length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "долго́тный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "prodólʹnyj",
"sense": "relating to length",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "продо́льный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "relating to length",
"word": "longitudinal"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "relating to length",
"word": "hydredol"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "relating to longitude",
"word": "longitudinaalinen"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "nadlǎžen",
"sense": "running in the direction of the long axis of a body",
"word": "надлъжен"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "running in the direction of the long axis of a body",
"word": "podélný"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "running in the direction of the long axis of a body",
"word": "overlangs"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "running in the direction of the long axis of a body",
"word": "pitkittäinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "running in the direction of the long axis of a body",
"word": "pituussuuntainen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "running in the direction of the long axis of a body",
"word": "längslaufend"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "running in the direction of the long axis of a body",
"word": "hosszanti"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "running in the direction of the long axis of a body",
"word": "hosszirányú"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "tate no",
"sense": "running in the direction of the long axis of a body",
"word": "縦の"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "osevój",
"sense": "running in the direction of the long axis of a body",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "осево́й"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "running in the direction of the long axis of a body",
"word": "hydredol"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "sampling data over time",
"word": "pitkittäinen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "sampling data over time",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Längsschnitt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "sampling data over time",
"word": "longitudinális"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "sampling data over time",
"word": "hosszmetszeti"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "sampling data over time",
"word": "comhréireach"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "sampling data over time",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "дугорочни"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "sampling data over time",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "dugoročni"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sampling data over time",
"word": "longitudinal"
}
],
"word": "longitudinal"
}
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"English uncomparable adjectives",
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"Pages with entries",
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"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "longitudinal"
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"expansion": "Middle English longitudinal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "",
"4": "longitūdin-"
},
"expansion": "Latin longitūdin-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "-in-",
"4": "-al"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, longitude + -in- + -al",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English longitudinal, from Latin longitūdin-, oblique stem of longitūdō (“length, longitude”). By surface analysis, longitude + -in- + -al.",
"forms": [
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"form": "longitudinals",
"tags": [
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}
],
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"name": "en-noun"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Any longitudinal piece, as in shipbuilding etc."
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
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[
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"railway"
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[
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"sleeper"
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[
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"parallel"
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[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rail transport) A railway sleeper lying parallel with the rail."
],
"topics": [
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"railways",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɒŋ.ɡɪˈtjuː.dɪ.nəl/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɔŋ.ɡɪˈtʃʉw.dɪ.nəl/",
"tags": [
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"Southern",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɔn.dʒɪˈtu.dɪ.nəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɔn.dʒəˈtu.də.nəl/",
"note": "weak vowel merger",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɑn.dʒɪˈtu.dɪ.nəl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɑn.dʒəˈtu.də.nəl/",
"note": "weak vowel merger",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɒŋ.dʒəˈtu.də.nəl/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɔŋ.ɡəˈtʃʉː.də.nəl/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌlɒŋ.ɡəˈtʃʉː.də.nəl/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˌlɔ̟ŋɡəˈtʃʉːdənəl]",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-longitudinal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-longitudinal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-longitudinal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-longitudinal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-longitudinal.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"note": "pitkittäinen + noun",
"sense": "any piece lying longitudinally"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"note": "pitkittäis- + noun",
"sense": "any piece lying longitudinally"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "any piece lying longitudinally",
"word": "tari"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "type of railway sleeper",
"word": "pitkittäispölkky"
}
],
"word": "longitudinal"
}
Download raw JSONL data for longitudinal meaning in English (15.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (7de0cf9 and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.