See ire in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ire"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ire",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "īre"
},
"expansion": "Old English īre",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ire, yre, from Old English īre, ȳre, īr, ȳr, shortened form of īren (“iron”). More at iron.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "ire",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 49 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 42 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 49 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 45 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 49 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 47 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 49 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 47 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 49 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 47 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Silesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 49 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 42 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1806, Richard Polwhele, The Language, Literature, and Literary Characters of Cornwall: with Illustrations from Devonshire, page 25:",
"text": "[…] 'Tell I'm rud as the smith makes the pieces of ire; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1842, George Philip Rigney Pulman, Rustic Sketches; being poems on angling ... in the dialect of East Devon, page 55:",
"text": "A ire thing, moore smart by haff, / That zeed var off 's za theene 's a laff, / An' zum zes edden' 'xac'ly saff, / Stan's in th' place ee did.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Iron."
],
"id": "en-ire-en-noun-zo6jXGc0",
"links": [
[
"Iron",
"iron"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Iron."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/aɪ.ə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ire.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-ire.ogg/En-us-ire.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-ire.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "ire"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ire"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ire",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ire",
"4": "",
"5": "ire"
},
"expansion": "Old French ire (“ire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "īra",
"4": "",
"5": "wrath, rage"
},
"expansion": "Latin īra (“wrath, rage”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁eysh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fall upon, act sharply"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to fall upon, act sharply”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ofost",
"3": "",
"4": "haste, zeal"
},
"expansion": "Old English ofost (“haste, zeal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "eisa",
"3": "",
"4": "to race forward"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse eisa (“to race forward”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἱερός",
"3": "",
"4": "supernatural, holy"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “supernatural, holy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬈𐬯𐬨𐬀",
"t": "anger"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬈𐬯𐬨𐬀 (aesma, “anger”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "इष्",
"g": "f",
"t": "refreshment, strength"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit इष् f (iṣ, “refreshment, strength”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "irre"
},
"expansion": "Middle English irre",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "yrre"
},
"expansion": "Old English yrre",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ire, from Old French ire (“ire”), from Latin īra (“wrath, rage”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to fall upon, act sharply”) (compare Old English ofost (“haste, zeal”), Old Norse eisa (“to race forward”), Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “supernatural, holy”), οἶστρος (oîstros, “frenzy; gadfly”), Avestan 𐬀𐬈𐬯𐬨𐬀 (aesma, “anger”), Sanskrit इष् f (iṣ, “refreshment, strength”)). Compare also Middle English irre, erre (“anger, wrath”), from Old English yrre, ierre, eorre (“anger, wrath”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "ire (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 53 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English 3-letter words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 69 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 77 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 54 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 49 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 69 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 49 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 45 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 52 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 72 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 70 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 49 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 76 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 75 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 47 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 76 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 49 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 56 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 47 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 49 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 50 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 55 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 52 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 75 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 47 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Silesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 49 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 71 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 60 24",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anger",
"orig": "en:Anger",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to raise the ire of someone",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The New Arcadia",
"ref": "a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC:",
"text": "She lik'd not his desire; Fain would be free but dreadeth parents ire",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:",
"text": "If I digg'd up thy forefathers graves, And hung their rotten coffins up in chains, It could not slake mine ire, nor ease my heart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "Or Neptune's ire, or Juno's, that so long Perplex'd the Greek and Cytherea's son.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "a. 1701 (date written), John Dryden, “The First Book of Homer’s Ilias”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume IV, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 419:",
"text": "For this th' avenging Pow'r employs his darts; / And empties all his quiver in our hearts; / Thus will perſiſt, relentleſs in his ire, / Till the fair ſlave be render'd to her ſire: [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 3:",
"text": "News of this notice from the university was picked up by local media and had the effect of raising the ire of some citizens who saw this as an attack on ‘Chinese heritage’, which in turn resulted in a rapid apology from the university[.]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 December 27, Brianna Sacks, “Buffalo blizzard fuels racial and class divides in polarized city”, in The Washington Post, archived from the original on 2022-12-29:",
"text": "Meanwhile, Buffalo was under a driving ban until midnight Thursday because many of its streets were still clogged, preventing people from getting groceries and medication. In predominantly Black parts of the city, like the East Side, many residents still can’t leave their homes. Twelve-foot snow drifts still cover windows.¶ Buffalo’s slow, haphazard plowing and response has also drawn the ire of county leaders.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Great anger; wrath; keen resentment."
],
"id": "en-ire-en-noun-en:anger",
"links": [
[
"anger",
"anger"
],
[
"wrath",
"wrath"
],
[
"keen",
"keen"
],
[
"resentment",
"resentment"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "irascibility"
},
{
"word": "irascible"
},
{
"word": "irate"
},
{
"word": "ireful"
}
],
"senseid": [
"en:anger"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fury"
},
{
"word": "rage"
},
{
"word": "wrath"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gnjav",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гняв"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "jarost",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ярост"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ira"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fènnù",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "憤怒 /愤怒"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hněv"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zloba"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "toorn"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "woede"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "kolero"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "viha"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ire"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "colère"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "courroux"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ärger"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wut"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zorn"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "harag"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ira"
},
{
"alt": "いかり",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ikari",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "怒り"
},
{
"alt": "憤怒",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bunno",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "분노"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "īra"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gnev",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гнев"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bes",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бес"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "hīnawanawa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "hīkaka"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "nguha"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ğazab",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "غضب"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wściekłość"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "furia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ira"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mânie"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "furie"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gnev",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гнев"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "járostʹ",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "я́рость"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zlostʹ",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "злость"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zlóba",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "зло́ба"
},
{
"code": "szl",
"lang": "Silesian",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gniyw"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hnev"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zúrivosť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ira"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwaam gròht",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "ความโกรธ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwaam mohŏh",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "ความโมโห"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "too-sà",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "โทสะ"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/aɪ.ə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ire.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-ire.ogg/En-us-ire.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-ire.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "ire"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ire"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ire",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ire",
"4": "",
"5": "ire"
},
"expansion": "Old French ire (“ire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "īra",
"4": "",
"5": "wrath, rage"
},
"expansion": "Latin īra (“wrath, rage”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁eysh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fall upon, act sharply"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to fall upon, act sharply”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ofost",
"3": "",
"4": "haste, zeal"
},
"expansion": "Old English ofost (“haste, zeal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "eisa",
"3": "",
"4": "to race forward"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse eisa (“to race forward”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἱερός",
"3": "",
"4": "supernatural, holy"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “supernatural, holy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬈𐬯𐬨𐬀",
"t": "anger"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬈𐬯𐬨𐬀 (aesma, “anger”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "इष्",
"g": "f",
"t": "refreshment, strength"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit इष् f (iṣ, “refreshment, strength”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "irre"
},
"expansion": "Middle English irre",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "yrre"
},
"expansion": "Old English yrre",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ire, from Old French ire (“ire”), from Latin īra (“wrath, rage”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to fall upon, act sharply”) (compare Old English ofost (“haste, zeal”), Old Norse eisa (“to race forward”), Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “supernatural, holy”), οἶστρος (oîstros, “frenzy; gadfly”), Avestan 𐬀𐬈𐬯𐬨𐬀 (aesma, “anger”), Sanskrit इष् f (iṣ, “refreshment, strength”)). Compare also Middle English irre, erre (“anger, wrath”), from Old English yrre, ierre, eorre (“anger, wrath”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ires",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "iring",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ired",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ired",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ire (third-person singular simple present ires, present participle iring, simple past and past participle ired)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1880, Gleason's Monthly Companion, page 287:",
"text": "It doesn't tire a man to put down a carpet so much as it ires him.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1915, Dr. Duncan Eve of Nashville, Tennessee, USA, in the Southern Medical Journal, volume 4, page 279",
"text": "I heard enough from the gentleman who has just taken his seat, and from my friend, Dr. Caldwell, to ire me just a little bit."
},
{
"ref": "1962, Louis L'Amour, Lando, page 3:",
"text": "“You have enemies. Is that why you have chosen to leave at this time?”\nIt ired me that he should think so, but I held my peace, and when I spoke at last, my voice was mild.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1968, “H. P. Wasson and Company”, in Decisions and Orders of the National Labor Relations Board, volume 170, page 298:",
"text": "Only one employee testified as to the interrogation. This was Mary Farley who testified that at the time the research interviewer reached her home she was entertaining company and that she was “ired” by the interruption.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1992 03, Canadian House of Commons, House of Commons Debates, volume 7, page 8115:",
"text": "Mr. Gray (Bonaventure–Îles-de-la-Madeleine): Mr. Speaker, [...] Having been in the House of Commons for seven and one-half years and regardless of political stripe, the thing that angers and ires me the most is to hear downtown metro people talking […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2001 August 1, Xan Nowakowski, Objects in Mirror Are Closer Than They Appear, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 104:",
"text": "[…]to give up anorexia. Everyone else deserves their food; it ires me to no end—couldn't write “pissed off,” too juvenile—to hear other girls say, “I shouldn't be eating this.” Shut up, I want to say, you're fucking gorgeous.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012 September 14, Jim McGahern, A Leg up on the Canon Book 3: Adaptations of Shakespeare's Tragedies and Kyd's the Spanish Tragedy, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 264:",
"text": "Instinctively Lear knows she is making some sense, but he has never been treated in this way before and it ires him into calling Goneril a “degenerate bastard” The decrepit old[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014 March, John A. Tirpak, “Gates versus the Air Force”, in Air Force Magazine, page 56:",
"text": "The origin of Gates’ decapitation of the Air Force’s top leadership clearly lie with the F-22. Gates was ired that “every time Moseley and Air Force secretary Mike Wynne came to see me, it was about a new bomber or more F-22s.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Sarah Hawkswood, River of Sins, Allison and Busby:",
"text": "‘And do not leave Furnaux in a pool of blood, however much he ires you. He has his uses.’",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To anger, to irritate."
],
"id": "en-ire-en-verb-rtz1-pE5",
"links": [
[
"anger",
"anger#Verb"
],
[
"irritate",
"irritate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare) To anger, to irritate."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"word": "woeden"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"word": "laaien"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"word": "øsa"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "besnee",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"word": "беснее"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"word": "înfuria"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"word": "mânia"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ira"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tam hâi gròht",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"word": "ทำให้โกรธ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tam hâi gròht keuang",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"word": "ทำให้โกรธเคือง"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/aɪ.ə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ire.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-ire.ogg/En-us-ire.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-ire.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "ire"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-letter words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aɪə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/aɪə(ɹ)/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Silesian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"en:Anger",
"yo:Agriculture",
"yo:Birds",
"yo:Sports",
"yo:Trees"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ire"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ire",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "īre"
},
"expansion": "Old English īre",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ire, yre, from Old English īre, ȳre, īr, ȳr, shortened form of īren (“iron”). More at iron.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "ire",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1806, Richard Polwhele, The Language, Literature, and Literary Characters of Cornwall: with Illustrations from Devonshire, page 25:",
"text": "[…] 'Tell I'm rud as the smith makes the pieces of ire; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1842, George Philip Rigney Pulman, Rustic Sketches; being poems on angling ... in the dialect of East Devon, page 55:",
"text": "A ire thing, moore smart by haff, / That zeed var off 's za theene 's a laff, / An' zum zes edden' 'xac'ly saff, / Stan's in th' place ee did.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Iron."
],
"links": [
[
"Iron",
"iron"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Iron."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/aɪ.ə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ire.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-ire.ogg/En-us-ire.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-ire.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "ire"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-letter words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aɪə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/aɪə(ɹ)/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Silesian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"en:Anger",
"yo:Agriculture",
"yo:Birds",
"yo:Sports",
"yo:Trees"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ire"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ire",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ire",
"4": "",
"5": "ire"
},
"expansion": "Old French ire (“ire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "īra",
"4": "",
"5": "wrath, rage"
},
"expansion": "Latin īra (“wrath, rage”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁eysh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fall upon, act sharply"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to fall upon, act sharply”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ofost",
"3": "",
"4": "haste, zeal"
},
"expansion": "Old English ofost (“haste, zeal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "eisa",
"3": "",
"4": "to race forward"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse eisa (“to race forward”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἱερός",
"3": "",
"4": "supernatural, holy"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “supernatural, holy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬈𐬯𐬨𐬀",
"t": "anger"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬈𐬯𐬨𐬀 (aesma, “anger”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "इष्",
"g": "f",
"t": "refreshment, strength"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit इष् f (iṣ, “refreshment, strength”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "irre"
},
"expansion": "Middle English irre",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "yrre"
},
"expansion": "Old English yrre",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ire, from Old French ire (“ire”), from Latin īra (“wrath, rage”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to fall upon, act sharply”) (compare Old English ofost (“haste, zeal”), Old Norse eisa (“to race forward”), Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “supernatural, holy”), οἶστρος (oîstros, “frenzy; gadfly”), Avestan 𐬀𐬈𐬯𐬨𐬀 (aesma, “anger”), Sanskrit इष् f (iṣ, “refreshment, strength”)). Compare also Middle English irre, erre (“anger, wrath”), from Old English yrre, ierre, eorre (“anger, wrath”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "ire (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "irascibility"
},
{
"word": "irascible"
},
{
"word": "irate"
},
{
"word": "ireful"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to raise the ire of someone",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The New Arcadia",
"ref": "a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC:",
"text": "She lik'd not his desire; Fain would be free but dreadeth parents ire",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:",
"text": "If I digg'd up thy forefathers graves, And hung their rotten coffins up in chains, It could not slake mine ire, nor ease my heart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "Or Neptune's ire, or Juno's, that so long Perplex'd the Greek and Cytherea's son.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "a. 1701 (date written), John Dryden, “The First Book of Homer’s Ilias”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume IV, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 419:",
"text": "For this th' avenging Pow'r employs his darts; / And empties all his quiver in our hearts; / Thus will perſiſt, relentleſs in his ire, / Till the fair ſlave be render'd to her ſire: [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 3:",
"text": "News of this notice from the university was picked up by local media and had the effect of raising the ire of some citizens who saw this as an attack on ‘Chinese heritage’, which in turn resulted in a rapid apology from the university[.]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 December 27, Brianna Sacks, “Buffalo blizzard fuels racial and class divides in polarized city”, in The Washington Post, archived from the original on 2022-12-29:",
"text": "Meanwhile, Buffalo was under a driving ban until midnight Thursday because many of its streets were still clogged, preventing people from getting groceries and medication. In predominantly Black parts of the city, like the East Side, many residents still can’t leave their homes. Twelve-foot snow drifts still cover windows.¶ Buffalo’s slow, haphazard plowing and response has also drawn the ire of county leaders.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Great anger; wrath; keen resentment."
],
"links": [
[
"anger",
"anger"
],
[
"wrath",
"wrath"
],
[
"keen",
"keen"
],
[
"resentment",
"resentment"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:anger"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fury"
},
{
"word": "rage"
},
{
"word": "wrath"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/aɪ.ə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ire.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-ire.ogg/En-us-ire.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-ire.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪə(ɹ)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gnjav",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гняв"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "jarost",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ярост"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ira"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fènnù",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "憤怒 /愤怒"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hněv"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zloba"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "toorn"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "woede"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "kolero"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "viha"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ire"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "colère"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "courroux"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ärger"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Wut"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zorn"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "harag"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ira"
},
{
"alt": "いかり",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ikari",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "怒り"
},
{
"alt": "憤怒",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bunno",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "분노"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "īra"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gnev",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гнев"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bes",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бес"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "hīnawanawa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "hīkaka"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "nguha"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "nguha"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ğazab",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "غضب"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wściekłość"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "furia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ira"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mânie"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "furie"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gnev",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гнев"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "járostʹ",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "я́рость"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zlostʹ",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "злость"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zlóba",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "зло́ба"
},
{
"code": "szl",
"lang": "Silesian",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gniyw"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hnev"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zúrivosť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "great anger",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ira"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwaam gròht",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "ความโกรธ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwaam mohŏh",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "ความโมโห"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "too-sà",
"sense": "great anger",
"word": "โทสะ"
}
],
"word": "ire"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-letter words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aɪə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/aɪə(ɹ)/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Silesian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"en:Anger",
"yo:Agriculture",
"yo:Birds",
"yo:Sports",
"yo:Trees"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ire"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ire",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ire",
"4": "",
"5": "ire"
},
"expansion": "Old French ire (“ire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "īra",
"4": "",
"5": "wrath, rage"
},
"expansion": "Latin īra (“wrath, rage”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁eysh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fall upon, act sharply"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to fall upon, act sharply”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ofost",
"3": "",
"4": "haste, zeal"
},
"expansion": "Old English ofost (“haste, zeal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "eisa",
"3": "",
"4": "to race forward"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse eisa (“to race forward”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἱερός",
"3": "",
"4": "supernatural, holy"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “supernatural, holy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬈𐬯𐬨𐬀",
"t": "anger"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬈𐬯𐬨𐬀 (aesma, “anger”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "इष्",
"g": "f",
"t": "refreshment, strength"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit इष् f (iṣ, “refreshment, strength”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "irre"
},
"expansion": "Middle English irre",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "yrre"
},
"expansion": "Old English yrre",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ire, from Old French ire (“ire”), from Latin īra (“wrath, rage”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to fall upon, act sharply”) (compare Old English ofost (“haste, zeal”), Old Norse eisa (“to race forward”), Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “supernatural, holy”), οἶστρος (oîstros, “frenzy; gadfly”), Avestan 𐬀𐬈𐬯𐬨𐬀 (aesma, “anger”), Sanskrit इष् f (iṣ, “refreshment, strength”)). Compare also Middle English irre, erre (“anger, wrath”), from Old English yrre, ierre, eorre (“anger, wrath”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ires",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "iring",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ired",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ired",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ire (third-person singular simple present ires, present participle iring, simple past and past participle ired)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1880, Gleason's Monthly Companion, page 287:",
"text": "It doesn't tire a man to put down a carpet so much as it ires him.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1915, Dr. Duncan Eve of Nashville, Tennessee, USA, in the Southern Medical Journal, volume 4, page 279",
"text": "I heard enough from the gentleman who has just taken his seat, and from my friend, Dr. Caldwell, to ire me just a little bit."
},
{
"ref": "1962, Louis L'Amour, Lando, page 3:",
"text": "“You have enemies. Is that why you have chosen to leave at this time?”\nIt ired me that he should think so, but I held my peace, and when I spoke at last, my voice was mild.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1968, “H. P. Wasson and Company”, in Decisions and Orders of the National Labor Relations Board, volume 170, page 298:",
"text": "Only one employee testified as to the interrogation. This was Mary Farley who testified that at the time the research interviewer reached her home she was entertaining company and that she was “ired” by the interruption.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1992 03, Canadian House of Commons, House of Commons Debates, volume 7, page 8115:",
"text": "Mr. Gray (Bonaventure–Îles-de-la-Madeleine): Mr. Speaker, [...] Having been in the House of Commons for seven and one-half years and regardless of political stripe, the thing that angers and ires me the most is to hear downtown metro people talking […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2001 August 1, Xan Nowakowski, Objects in Mirror Are Closer Than They Appear, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 104:",
"text": "[…]to give up anorexia. Everyone else deserves their food; it ires me to no end—couldn't write “pissed off,” too juvenile—to hear other girls say, “I shouldn't be eating this.” Shut up, I want to say, you're fucking gorgeous.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012 September 14, Jim McGahern, A Leg up on the Canon Book 3: Adaptations of Shakespeare's Tragedies and Kyd's the Spanish Tragedy, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 264:",
"text": "Instinctively Lear knows she is making some sense, but he has never been treated in this way before and it ires him into calling Goneril a “degenerate bastard” The decrepit old[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014 March, John A. Tirpak, “Gates versus the Air Force”, in Air Force Magazine, page 56:",
"text": "The origin of Gates’ decapitation of the Air Force’s top leadership clearly lie with the F-22. Gates was ired that “every time Moseley and Air Force secretary Mike Wynne came to see me, it was about a new bomber or more F-22s.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Sarah Hawkswood, River of Sins, Allison and Busby:",
"text": "‘And do not leave Furnaux in a pool of blood, however much he ires you. He has his uses.’",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To anger, to irritate."
],
"links": [
[
"anger",
"anger#Verb"
],
[
"irritate",
"irritate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare) To anger, to irritate."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aɪɹ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/aɪ.ə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ire.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-ire.ogg/En-us-ire.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-ire.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪə(ɹ)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"word": "woeden"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"word": "laaien"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"word": "øsa"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "besnee",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"word": "беснее"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"word": "înfuria"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"word": "mânia"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ira"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tam hâi gròht",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"word": "ทำให้โกรธ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tam hâi gròht keuang",
"sense": "to anger, fret",
"word": "ทำให้โกรธเคือง"
}
],
"word": "ire"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ire meaning in English (23.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.