See hoodlum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"2": "swg",
"3": "hudelum",
"4": "",
"5": "disorderly"
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bar",
"3": "Haderlump",
"4": "",
"5": "ragamuffin"
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in a December 1866 Daily Alta California article, which mentions \"the 'Hoodlum Gang' of juvenile thieves\". Several possible origins have been proposed. It may derive from a Germanic word like Swabian hudelum (“disorderly”) or Bavarian Haderlump (“ragamuffin”).\nHerbert Asbury's book The Barbary Coast: An Informal History of the San Francisco Underworld (1933, A. A. Knopf, New York) says the word originated in San Francisco from a particular street gang's call to unemployed Irishmen to \"huddle 'em\" (to beat up Chinese migrants), after which San Francisco newspapers took to calling street gangs \"hoodlums\".",
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"_dis": "77 23",
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"_dis": "89 11",
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"_dis": "78 22",
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"text": "In Sam Mendes's excellent gangster movie Road to Perdition (2002), he tested the boundaries further playing a hitman – but while we know he's a killer, we never really see him go full-pelt hoodlum.",
"type": "quote"
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],
"glosses": [
"A gangster; a hired thug."
],
"id": "en-hoodlum-en-noun-ACx9olUF",
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"synonyms": [
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"word": "criminal"
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"word": "rampokker"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gángster",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "га́нгстер"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"word": "gangsteri"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bandit"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schläger"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ganove"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gangster"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bandit"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "yuu koung",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"word": "យូកូង"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grassātor"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bandít",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "банди́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bandítka",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "банди́тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
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},
{
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"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bandyta"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "jagunço"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bandít",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "банди́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bandítka",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "банди́тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "st",
"lang": "Sotho",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"word": "tsotsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "matón"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "bandido"
},
{
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"word": "pandillero"
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"glosses": [
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],
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[
"violent",
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[
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"youth"
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "troublemaker"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "huligán",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хулига́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "bugoy"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "阿飛"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "āfēi",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "阿飞"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "liúmáng",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "流氓"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎitú",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "歹徒"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "hulttio"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "voyou"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ganove"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Halbstarker"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rowdy"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schlägertyp"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "guṇḍā",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुंडा"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chinpira",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "チンピラ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"alt": "よたもの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yotamono",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "与太者"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grassātor"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "huligán",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хулига́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "malfaràs"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gusàs"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sacamand"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "marginal"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xuligán",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хулига́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gópnik",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "го́пник"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buján",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буя́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "špana",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "шпана"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "matón"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhuːdləm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhʊdləm/"
},
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"word": "hoodlum"
}
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"Terms with Japanese translations",
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"Terms with Mandarin translations",
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"Terms with Portuguese translations",
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"name": "der"
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"etymology_text": "First attested in a December 1866 Daily Alta California article, which mentions \"the 'Hoodlum Gang' of juvenile thieves\". Several possible origins have been proposed. It may derive from a Germanic word like Swabian hudelum (“disorderly”) or Bavarian Haderlump (“ragamuffin”).\nHerbert Asbury's book The Barbary Coast: An Informal History of the San Francisco Underworld (1933, A. A. Knopf, New York) says the word originated in San Francisco from a particular street gang's call to unemployed Irishmen to \"huddle 'em\" (to beat up Chinese migrants), after which San Francisco newspapers took to calling street gangs \"hoodlums\".",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
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}
],
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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"categories": [
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],
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{
"ref": "2021 February 9, Christina Newland, “Is Tom Hanks part of a dying breed of genuine movie stars?”, in BBC:",
"text": "In Sam Mendes's excellent gangster movie Road to Perdition (2002), he tested the boundaries further playing a hitman – but while we know he's a killer, we never really see him go full-pelt hoodlum.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gangster; a hired thug."
],
"links": [
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],
[
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],
[
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"synonyms": [
{
"word": "criminal"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
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"rough"
],
[
"violent",
"violent"
],
[
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"youth"
]
],
"synonyms": [
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"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ˈhuːdləm/"
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"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"word": "rampokker"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gángster",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "га́нгстер"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"word": "gangsteri"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bandit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schläger"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ganove"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gangster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bandit"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "yuu koung",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"word": "យូកូង"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grassātor"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bandít",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "банди́т"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bandítka",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "банди́тка"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gangster"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bandyta"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "jagunço"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bandít",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "банди́т"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bandítka",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "банди́тка"
},
{
"code": "st",
"lang": "Sotho",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"word": "tsotsi"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "matón"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bandido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a gangster; a hired thug",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pandillero"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "huligán",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хулига́н"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "bugoy"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "阿飛"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "āfēi",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "阿飞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "liúmáng",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "流氓"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎitú",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "歹徒"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "hulttio"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "voyou"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ganove"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Halbstarker"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rowdy"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schlägertyp"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "guṇḍā",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुंडा"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chinpira",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "チンピラ"
},
{
"alt": "よたもの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yotamono",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "与太者"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grassātor"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "huligán",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хулига́н"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "malfaràs"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gusàs"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sacamand"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "marginal"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xuligán",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хулига́н"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gópnik",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "го́пник"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buján",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буя́н"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "špana",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"word": "шпана"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a rough or violent youth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "matón"
}
],
"word": "hoodlum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hoodlum meaning in English (8.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.