"glacial" meaning in English

See glacial in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈɡleɪ.sɪəl/ [UK], /ˈɡleɪ.ʃ(ɪ)əl/ [UK] Audio: en-us-glacial.ogg Forms: more glacial [comparative], most glacial [superlative]
Rhymes: -eɪʃəl Etymology: From French glacial, from Latin glaciālis, from glaciēs (“ice”). The sense "slow" refers to the speed of actual glaciers, typically around 1 meter per day. Etymology templates: {{der|en|fr|glacial}} French glacial, {{der|en|la|glaciālis}} Latin glaciālis Head templates: {{en-adj}} glacial (comparative more glacial, superlative most glacial)
  1. Of, or relating to glaciers. Translations (relating to glaciers): ледников (lednikov) (Bulgarian), glacial (Catalan), glaciální (Czech), glacial (Danish), glazial (German), παγετωνικός (pagetonikós) (Greek), glaciera (Ido), glacierala (Ido), oighreach (Irish), rioee (Manx), glasial (Norwegian Bokmål), glasial (Norwegian Nynorsk), lodowcowy (Polish), glacjalny (Polish), леднико́вый (lednikóvyj) (Russian), glaciar (Spanish), льодовико́вий (lʹodovykóvyj) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-glacial-en-adj-m6sk6GwI Disambiguation of 'relating to glaciers': 98 0 0 1 1
  2. (figuratively) Very slow. Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-glacial-en-adj-QahbPTx~
  3. Cold and icy. Categories (topical): Temperature Translations (cold and icy): леден (leden) (Bulgarian), glacial (Catalan), glaciální (Czech), hyinen (Finnish), jäinen (Finnish), jäätävä (Finnish), jääkylmä (Finnish), glacial [masculine] (French), eisig (German), eiskalt (German), glacia (Ido), glaciala (Ido), glaciatra (Ido), glacial (Spanish), gélido (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-glacial-en-adj-OjlKE9MN Disambiguation of Temperature: 0 0 100 0 0 0 Disambiguation of 'cold and icy': 0 0 96 1 2
  4. Having the appearance of ice.
    Sense id: en-glacial-en-adj-GaZKYsKR
  5. (figuratively) Cool and unfriendly. Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-glacial-en-adj-pxDPcZx9
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Hyponyms: englacial, interglacial, monoglacial, periglacial, postglacial, preglacial, proglacial, subglacial, supraglacial

Noun

IPA: /ˈɡleɪ.sɪəl/ [UK], /ˈɡleɪ.ʃ(ɪ)əl/ [UK] Audio: en-us-glacial.ogg Forms: glacials [plural]
Rhymes: -eɪʃəl Etymology: From French glacial, from Latin glaciālis, from glaciēs (“ice”). The sense "slow" refers to the speed of actual glaciers, typically around 1 meter per day. Etymology templates: {{der|en|fr|glacial}} French glacial, {{der|en|la|glaciālis}} Latin glaciālis Head templates: {{en-noun}} glacial (plural glacials)
  1. A glacial period (colloquially known as an ice age). Synonyms: ice age Translations (glacial period): glacialtid [common-gender] (Danish), istid [common-gender] (Danish), Kaltzeit [feminine] (German), Eiszeit [feminine] (German), Glazial [neuter] (German), glaciación [feminine] (Spanish), era glacial [feminine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-glacial-en-noun-qPVXbY1m Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 10 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Manx translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 21 0 0 3 2 73 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 14 0 0 5 2 78 Disambiguation of Pages with 10 entries: 16 16 2 0 0 1 1 10 1 0 1 3 0 16 16 0 2 1 0 16 0 0 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 14 4 0 0 0 1 14 1 0 0 4 0 14 14 0 3 1 0 14 0 0 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 17 3 3 9 12 56 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 16 3 3 7 17 55 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 16 3 3 8 14 57 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 15 2 2 5 10 65 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 18 3 3 8 12 57 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 18 0 0 9 3 70 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 19 3 3 8 6 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 17 0 0 9 3 71 Disambiguation of Terms with Ido translations: 20 0 0 4 2 74 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 16 3 3 7 17 53 Disambiguation of Terms with Manx translations: 17 3 3 8 15 55 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 17 3 3 9 13 55 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations: 18 1 1 3 8 70 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 16 3 3 12 11 56 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 19 0 0 5 3 73 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 16 0 0 5 2 77 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 17 3 3 8 15 55

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "deglacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "equiglacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fluvioglacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacial acetic acid"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacial acid"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacial buzz saw"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacial drift"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacial erratic"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacial flour"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacial humour"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacialism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacialist"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glaciality"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacialize"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacial lake"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacial lake outburst flood"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacially"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacial maximum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacial milk"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacial period"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacial polish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacial till"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glacial trough"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "intraglacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "mediglacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "neoglacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "nonglacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "paraglacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pleniglacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "polyglacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "superglacial"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "glacial"
      },
      "expansion": "French glacial",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "glaciālis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin glaciālis",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French glacial, from Latin glaciālis, from glaciēs (“ice”). The sense \"slow\" refers to the speed of actual glaciers, typically around 1 meter per day.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more glacial",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most glacial",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "glacial (comparative more glacial, superlative most glacial)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "englacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "interglacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "monoglacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "periglacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "postglacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "preglacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "proglacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "subglacial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "supraglacial"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "We examined the glacial deposits.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Wang Shijin is a glacier expert and director of the Yulong Snow Mountain Glacial and Environmental Observation Research Station."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of, or relating to glaciers."
      ],
      "id": "en-glacial-en-adj-m6sk6GwI",
      "links": [
        [
          "glacier",
          "glacier"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 0 1 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "lednikov",
          "sense": "relating to glaciers",
          "word": "ледников"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 0 1 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "relating to glaciers",
          "word": "glacial"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 0 1 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "relating to glaciers",
          "word": "glaciální"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 0 1 1",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "relating to glaciers",
          "word": "glacial"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 0 1 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "relating to glaciers",
          "word": "glazial"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 0 1 1",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "pagetonikós",
          "sense": "relating to glaciers",
          "word": "παγετωνικός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 0 1 1",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "relating to glaciers",
          "word": "glaciera"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 0 1 1",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "relating to glaciers",
          "word": "glacierala"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 0 1 1",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "relating to glaciers",
          "word": "oighreach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 0 1 1",
          "code": "gv",
          "lang": "Manx",
          "sense": "relating to glaciers",
          "word": "rioee"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 0 1 1",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "relating to glaciers",
          "word": "glasial"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 0 1 1",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "relating to glaciers",
          "word": "glasial"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 0 1 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "relating to glaciers",
          "word": "lodowcowy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 0 1 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "relating to glaciers",
          "word": "glacjalny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 0 1 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "lednikóvyj",
          "sense": "relating to glaciers",
          "word": "леднико́вый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 0 1 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "relating to glaciers",
          "word": "glaciar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 0 1 1",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "lʹodovykóvyj",
          "sense": "relating to glaciers",
          "word": "льодовико́вий"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1917, Everybody's Magazine - Volume 37, Issue 2, Ridgeway Company, page 56:",
          "text": "He could remember a day that he had spent the whole of (he couldn't have been more than ten) running one of the great, creaking freight elevators at a glacial speed, answering the calls of the bell—one ring, five rings, three rings—with an almost unbearable sense of responsiblity.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1953, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services, Defense Department Authorization and Oversight, U.S. Government Printing Office, page 1251:",
          "text": "I understand that you commented that the Japanese are moving at glacial speed. This is not the only area where they are moving at glacial speed. They are moving at glacial speed in terms of trade barriers, and it is one thing that the American people recognize.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1999, Michael Goodchild, Max J. Egenhofer, Robin Fegeas, Cliff Kottman, Interoperating Geographic Information Systems, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 133:",
          "text": "Paradoxically, then, the electronic speed offered by computer-based decision-making is often overwhelmed by the glacial speed of data reformatting and checking.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "16 October 2010, “Under the volcano”, in The Economist:",
          "text": "Progress on judicial reform has been glacial, meeting enormous resistance.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, John P. Kotter, Accelerate: Building Strategic Agility for a Faster-Moving World, Harvard Business Review Press, →ISBN, page 96:",
          "text": "Lower-level people added front-line information that ordinarily wouldn't have made it up the hierarchy to the executive committee (or would have made it at glacial speed).",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, Stuart E. Eizenstat, The Future of the Jews: How Global Forces are Impacting the Jewish People, Israel, and Its Relationship with the United States, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 105:",
          "text": "The Gulf States and Saudi Arabia are modernizing but at a glacial speed in a world moving at digital speed.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Very slow."
      ],
      "id": "en-glacial-en-adj-QahbPTx~",
      "links": [
        [
          "slow",
          "slow"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Very slow."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 100 0 0 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Temperature",
          "orig": "en:Temperature",
          "parents": [
            "Nature",
            "Weather",
            "All topics",
            "Atmosphere",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "After the rain and frost, the pavements were glacial.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Cold and icy."
      ],
      "id": "en-glacial-en-adj-OjlKE9MN",
      "links": [
        [
          "Cold",
          "cold"
        ],
        [
          "icy",
          "icy"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 1 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "leden",
          "sense": "cold and icy",
          "word": "леден"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 1 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "cold and icy",
          "word": "glacial"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 1 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "cold and icy",
          "word": "glaciální"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "cold and icy",
          "word": "hyinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "cold and icy",
          "word": "jäinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "cold and icy",
          "word": "jäätävä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "cold and icy",
          "word": "jääkylmä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 1 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "cold and icy",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "glacial"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 1 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "cold and icy",
          "word": "eisig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 1 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "cold and icy",
          "word": "eiskalt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 1 2",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "cold and icy",
          "word": "glacia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 1 2",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "cold and icy",
          "word": "glaciala"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 1 2",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "cold and icy",
          "word": "glaciatra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "cold and icy",
          "word": "glacial"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 96 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "cold and icy",
          "word": "gélido"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "On cold days, glacial acetic acid will freeze in the bottle.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Having the appearance of ice."
      ],
      "id": "en-glacial-en-adj-GaZKYsKR",
      "links": [
        [
          "appearance",
          "appearance"
        ],
        [
          "ice",
          "ice"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He gave me a glacial stare.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Cool and unfriendly."
      ],
      "id": "en-glacial-en-adj-pxDPcZx9",
      "links": [
        [
          "Cool",
          "cool"
        ],
        [
          "unfriendly",
          "unfriendly"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Cool and unfriendly."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡleɪ.sɪəl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡleɪ.ʃ(ɪ)əl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-glacial.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/En-us-glacial.ogg/En-us-glacial.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/En-us-glacial.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪʃəl"
    }
  ],
  "word": "glacial"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "glacial"
      },
      "expansion": "French glacial",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "glaciālis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin glaciālis",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French glacial, from Latin glaciālis, from glaciēs (“ice”). The sense \"slow\" refers to the speed of actual glaciers, typically around 1 meter per day.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "glacials",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "glacial (plural glacials)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 0 0 3 2 73",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 0 0 5 2 78",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "17 3 3 9 12 56",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 3 3 7 17 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "16 3 3 8 14 57",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 2 2 5 10 65",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Danish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 3 3 8 12 57",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 0 0 9 3 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 3 3 8 6 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 0 0 9 3 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 0 0 4 2 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ido translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 3 3 7 17 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Irish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 3 3 8 15 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Manx translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 3 3 9 13 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 1 1 3 8 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 3 3 12 11 56",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 0 0 5 3 73",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 0 0 5 2 77",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 3 3 8 15 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: interglacial"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A glacial period (colloquially known as an ice age)."
      ],
      "id": "en-glacial-en-noun-qPVXbY1m",
      "links": [
        [
          "period",
          "period"
        ],
        [
          "colloquially",
          "colloquially"
        ],
        [
          "ice age",
          "ice age"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ice age"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "glacial period",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "glacialtid"
        },
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "glacial period",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "istid"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "glacial period",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Kaltzeit"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "glacial period",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Eiszeit"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "glacial period",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Glazial"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "glacial period",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "glaciación"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "glacial period",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "era glacial"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡleɪ.sɪəl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡleɪ.ʃ(ɪ)əl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-glacial.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/En-us-glacial.ogg/En-us-glacial.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/En-us-glacial.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪʃəl"
    }
  ],
  "word": "glacial"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪʃəl",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪʃəl/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Ido translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Manx translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "en:Temperature"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "deglacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "equiglacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "fluvioglacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacial acetic acid"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacial acid"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacial buzz saw"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacial drift"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacial erratic"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacial flour"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacial humour"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacialism"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacialist"
    },
    {
      "word": "glaciality"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacialize"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacial lake"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacial lake outburst flood"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacially"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacial maximum"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacial milk"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacial period"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacial polish"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacial till"
    },
    {
      "word": "glacial trough"
    },
    {
      "word": "intraglacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "mediglacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "neoglacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "nonglacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "paraglacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "pleniglacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "polyglacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "superglacial"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "glacial"
      },
      "expansion": "French glacial",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "glaciālis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin glaciālis",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French glacial, from Latin glaciālis, from glaciēs (“ice”). The sense \"slow\" refers to the speed of actual glaciers, typically around 1 meter per day.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more glacial",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most glacial",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "glacial (comparative more glacial, superlative most glacial)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "word": "englacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "interglacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "monoglacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "periglacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "postglacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "preglacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "proglacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "subglacial"
    },
    {
      "word": "supraglacial"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "We examined the glacial deposits.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Wang Shijin is a glacier expert and director of the Yulong Snow Mountain Glacial and Environmental Observation Research Station."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of, or relating to glaciers."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "glacier",
          "glacier"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1917, Everybody's Magazine - Volume 37, Issue 2, Ridgeway Company, page 56:",
          "text": "He could remember a day that he had spent the whole of (he couldn't have been more than ten) running one of the great, creaking freight elevators at a glacial speed, answering the calls of the bell—one ring, five rings, three rings—with an almost unbearable sense of responsiblity.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1953, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services, Defense Department Authorization and Oversight, U.S. Government Printing Office, page 1251:",
          "text": "I understand that you commented that the Japanese are moving at glacial speed. This is not the only area where they are moving at glacial speed. They are moving at glacial speed in terms of trade barriers, and it is one thing that the American people recognize.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1999, Michael Goodchild, Max J. Egenhofer, Robin Fegeas, Cliff Kottman, Interoperating Geographic Information Systems, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 133:",
          "text": "Paradoxically, then, the electronic speed offered by computer-based decision-making is often overwhelmed by the glacial speed of data reformatting and checking.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "16 October 2010, “Under the volcano”, in The Economist:",
          "text": "Progress on judicial reform has been glacial, meeting enormous resistance.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, John P. Kotter, Accelerate: Building Strategic Agility for a Faster-Moving World, Harvard Business Review Press, →ISBN, page 96:",
          "text": "Lower-level people added front-line information that ordinarily wouldn't have made it up the hierarchy to the executive committee (or would have made it at glacial speed).",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, Stuart E. Eizenstat, The Future of the Jews: How Global Forces are Impacting the Jewish People, Israel, and Its Relationship with the United States, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 105:",
          "text": "The Gulf States and Saudi Arabia are modernizing but at a glacial speed in a world moving at digital speed.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Very slow."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "slow",
          "slow"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Very slow."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "After the rain and frost, the pavements were glacial.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Cold and icy."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Cold",
          "cold"
        ],
        [
          "icy",
          "icy"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "On cold days, glacial acetic acid will freeze in the bottle.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Having the appearance of ice."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "appearance",
          "appearance"
        ],
        [
          "ice",
          "ice"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He gave me a glacial stare.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Cool and unfriendly."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Cool",
          "cool"
        ],
        [
          "unfriendly",
          "unfriendly"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Cool and unfriendly."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡleɪ.sɪəl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡleɪ.ʃ(ɪ)əl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-glacial.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/En-us-glacial.ogg/En-us-glacial.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/En-us-glacial.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪʃəl"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "lednikov",
      "sense": "relating to glaciers",
      "word": "ледников"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "relating to glaciers",
      "word": "glacial"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "relating to glaciers",
      "word": "glaciální"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "relating to glaciers",
      "word": "glacial"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "relating to glaciers",
      "word": "glazial"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "pagetonikós",
      "sense": "relating to glaciers",
      "word": "παγετωνικός"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "relating to glaciers",
      "word": "glaciera"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "relating to glaciers",
      "word": "glacierala"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "relating to glaciers",
      "word": "oighreach"
    },
    {
      "code": "gv",
      "lang": "Manx",
      "sense": "relating to glaciers",
      "word": "rioee"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "relating to glaciers",
      "word": "glasial"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "relating to glaciers",
      "word": "glasial"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "relating to glaciers",
      "word": "lodowcowy"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "relating to glaciers",
      "word": "glacjalny"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "lednikóvyj",
      "sense": "relating to glaciers",
      "word": "леднико́вый"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "relating to glaciers",
      "word": "glaciar"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "lʹodovykóvyj",
      "sense": "relating to glaciers",
      "word": "льодовико́вий"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "leden",
      "sense": "cold and icy",
      "word": "леден"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "cold and icy",
      "word": "glacial"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "cold and icy",
      "word": "glaciální"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "cold and icy",
      "word": "hyinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "cold and icy",
      "word": "jäinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "cold and icy",
      "word": "jäätävä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "cold and icy",
      "word": "jääkylmä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "cold and icy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "glacial"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "cold and icy",
      "word": "eisig"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "cold and icy",
      "word": "eiskalt"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "cold and icy",
      "word": "glacia"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "cold and icy",
      "word": "glaciala"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "cold and icy",
      "word": "glaciatra"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "cold and icy",
      "word": "glacial"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "cold and icy",
      "word": "gélido"
    }
  ],
  "word": "glacial"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪʃəl",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪʃəl/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Ido translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Manx translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "en:Temperature"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "glacial"
      },
      "expansion": "French glacial",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "glaciālis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin glaciālis",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French glacial, from Latin glaciālis, from glaciēs (“ice”). The sense \"slow\" refers to the speed of actual glaciers, typically around 1 meter per day.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "glacials",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "glacial (plural glacials)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: interglacial"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A glacial period (colloquially known as an ice age)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "period",
          "period"
        ],
        [
          "colloquially",
          "colloquially"
        ],
        [
          "ice age",
          "ice age"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ice age"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡleɪ.sɪəl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡleɪ.ʃ(ɪ)əl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-glacial.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/En-us-glacial.ogg/En-us-glacial.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/En-us-glacial.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪʃəl"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "glacial period",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "glacialtid"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "glacial period",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "istid"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "glacial period",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Kaltzeit"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "glacial period",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Eiszeit"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "glacial period",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Glazial"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "glacial period",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "glaciación"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "glacial period",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "era glacial"
    }
  ],
  "word": "glacial"
}

Download raw JSONL data for glacial meaning in English (12.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.