See fluency in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dysfluency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "overfluency"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "fluentia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin fluentia",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fluence"
},
"expansion": "French fluence",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Latin fluentia. Cognate with French fluence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fluencies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "fluency (countable and uncountable, plural fluencies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996, Vera Morris, Bill Francoeur, A Little Princess: The Musical: Adapted from Frances Hodgson Burnett’s “Sara Crewe”, Denver, Colo.: Pioneer Drama Service, →OCLC, act I, scene i, page 4:",
"text": "She has fluency, nobility, / Elegance and symmetry, / Stability, fluidity, / Like poetry in motion.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The quality of smoothness of flow."
],
"id": "en-fluency-en-noun-YCKRKquK",
"links": [
[
"quality",
"quality#Noun"
],
[
"smoothness",
"smoothness"
],
[
"flow",
"flow"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "sahunutʻyun",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "սահունություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tečlivost",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "течливост"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "流暢"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "liúchàng",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "流畅"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "virtaavuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "nestemäisyys"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Flüssigkeit"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Fluss"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "könnyedség"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "gördülékenység"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "folyékonyság"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "éascaíocht"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "líofacht"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"alt": "りゅうちょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ryūchō",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "流暢"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yuchang",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "유창"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biegłość"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluidez"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluiditate"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluență"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "béglostʹ",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бе́глость"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluidez"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluyencia"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 26 25",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "akıcılık"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 62 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 62 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 59 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 73 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 52 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 73 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 67 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 67 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 66 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 75 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 67 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 64 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 54 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 68 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 71 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 60 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 67 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 66 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 72 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 72 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 68 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 67 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 72 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 72 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 55 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 56 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 72 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 67 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 72 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 75 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 73 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 70 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 72 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 70 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 83 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "en:Talking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The quality of being fluent in a language; A person's command of a particular language."
],
"id": "en-fluency-en-noun-FuKjUef5",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"fluent",
"fluent"
],
[
"command",
"command"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) The quality of being fluent in a language; A person's command of a particular language."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "sahunutʻyun",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "սահունություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aragaxosutʻyun",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "արագախոսություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluïdesa"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "liúlì",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "流利"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vlotheid"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "flueco"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "sujuvuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "usually expressed using the adverb flüssig",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sprechflüssigkeit"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"rare"
],
"word": "Geläufigkeit"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"raw_tags": [
"for skill and elegance in a native language"
],
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"usually"
],
"word": "Flüssigkeit"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "effrádeia",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ευφράδεια"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "efchéreia",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ευχέρεια"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "eurēmosúnē",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "εὐρημοσύνη"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "r'hitut",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "רהיטות"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ravānī",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "रवानी"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "folyékony nyelvtudás"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "flæði"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "líofacht"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scioltezza"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "perapera",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "ぺらぺら"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"alt": "りゅうちょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ryūchō",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "流暢"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "phiəp-stŏətcumniəñ",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "ភាពស្ទាត់ជំនាញ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yuchang",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "유창"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yuryeo",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "유려"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lēvitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "kefasihan"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "płynność"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biegłość"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluência"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluență"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "svobódnoje vladénije",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "свобо́дное владе́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluidez"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluencia"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "soltura"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "ความคล่องแคล่ว"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "akıcılık"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "sự thành thạo"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 85 9",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "rhuglder"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 December 10, David Ornstein, “Arsenal 1 – 0 Everton”, in BBC Sport:",
"text": "While Gunners boss Arsene Wenger had warned his players against letting the pre-match festivities distract them from the task at hand, they clearly struggled for fluency early on.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The quality of consistently applying skill correctly in the manner of one well-practiced at it, requiring little deliberate thought to perform without mistakes"
],
"id": "en-fluency-en-noun--ChnA83n",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "26 23 52",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "quality of consistently applying skill correctly",
"word": "jártasság"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 23 52",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "neungsukdo",
"sense": "quality of consistently applying skill correctly",
"word": "능숙도"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 23 52",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "quality of consistently applying skill correctly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biegłość"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 23 52",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of consistently applying skill correctly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "desenvoltura"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 23 52",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of consistently applying skill correctly",
"word": "desparpajo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfluːənsi/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-fluency.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-fluency.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-fluency.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fluency"
],
"word": "fluency"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Talking"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dysfluency"
},
{
"word": "overfluency"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "fluentia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin fluentia",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fluence"
},
"expansion": "French fluence",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Latin fluentia. Cognate with French fluence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fluencies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "fluency (countable and uncountable, plural fluencies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996, Vera Morris, Bill Francoeur, A Little Princess: The Musical: Adapted from Frances Hodgson Burnett’s “Sara Crewe”, Denver, Colo.: Pioneer Drama Service, →OCLC, act I, scene i, page 4:",
"text": "She has fluency, nobility, / Elegance and symmetry, / Stability, fluidity, / Like poetry in motion.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The quality of smoothness of flow."
],
"links": [
[
"quality",
"quality#Noun"
],
[
"smoothness",
"smoothness"
],
[
"flow",
"flow"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"The quality of being fluent in a language; A person's command of a particular language."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"fluent",
"fluent"
],
[
"command",
"command"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) The quality of being fluent in a language; A person's command of a particular language."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 December 10, David Ornstein, “Arsenal 1 – 0 Everton”, in BBC Sport:",
"text": "While Gunners boss Arsene Wenger had warned his players against letting the pre-match festivities distract them from the task at hand, they clearly struggled for fluency early on.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The quality of consistently applying skill correctly in the manner of one well-practiced at it, requiring little deliberate thought to perform without mistakes"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfluːənsi/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-fluency.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-fluency.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-fluency.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-fluency.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-fluency.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "sahunutʻyun",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "սահունություն"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tečlivost",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "течливост"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "流暢"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "liúchàng",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "流畅"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "virtaavuus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "nestemäisyys"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Flüssigkeit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Fluss"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "könnyedség"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "gördülékenység"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "folyékonyság"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "éascaíocht"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "líofacht"
},
{
"alt": "りゅうちょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ryūchō",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "流暢"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yuchang",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "유창"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biegłość"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluidez"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluiditate"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluență"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "béglostʹ",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бе́глость"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluidez"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluyencia"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "quality of smoothness of flow",
"word": "akıcılık"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "sahunutʻyun",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "սահունություն"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aragaxosutʻyun",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "արագախոսություն"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluïdesa"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "liúlì",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "流利"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vlotheid"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "flueco"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "sujuvuus"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "usually expressed using the adverb flüssig",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sprechflüssigkeit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"rare"
],
"word": "Geläufigkeit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"raw_tags": [
"for skill and elegance in a native language"
],
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"usually"
],
"word": "Flüssigkeit"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "effrádeia",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ευφράδεια"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "efchéreia",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ευχέρεια"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "eurēmosúnē",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "εὐρημοσύνη"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "r'hitut",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "רהיטות"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ravānī",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "रवानी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "folyékony nyelvtudás"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "flæði"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "líofacht"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scioltezza"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "perapera",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "ぺらぺら"
},
{
"alt": "りゅうちょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ryūchō",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "流暢"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "phiəp-stŏətcumniəñ",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "ភាពស្ទាត់ជំនាញ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yuchang",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "유창"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yuryeo",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "유려"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lēvitās"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "kefasihan"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "płynność"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biegłość"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluência"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluență"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "svobódnoje vladénije",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "свобо́дное владе́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluidez"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fluencia"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "soltura"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "ความคล่องแคล่ว"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "akıcılık"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "sự thành thạo"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "linguistics: being fluent in a language",
"word": "rhuglder"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "quality of consistently applying skill correctly",
"word": "jártasság"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "neungsukdo",
"sense": "quality of consistently applying skill correctly",
"word": "능숙도"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "quality of consistently applying skill correctly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biegłość"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of consistently applying skill correctly",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "desenvoltura"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of consistently applying skill correctly",
"word": "desparpajo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fluency"
],
"word": "fluency"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fluency meaning in English (12.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.