See fjord in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for fjord meaning in English (18.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "フィヨルド",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "fiyorudo"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: フィヨルド (fiyorudo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: フィヨルド (fiyorudo)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per- (fare)",
"4": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "no",
"3": "fjord"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Norwegian fjord",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "fjǫrðr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fjǫrðr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ferþu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ferþu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ferþuz",
"t": "inlet, fjord"
},
"expansion": "*ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pértus",
"t": "crossing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*per-",
"t": "to carry forth"
},
"expansion": "*per- (“to carry forth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-tus",
"pos": "suffix forming action nouns from verb roots"
},
"expansion": "*-tus (suffix forming action nouns from verb roots)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "firth",
"3": "ford",
"4": "port"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of firth, ford, and port",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Norwegian fjord, from Old Norse fjǫrðr, from Proto-Germanic *ferþu, *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”), from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”), from *per- (“to carry forth”) + *-tus (suffix forming action nouns from verb roots). Doublet of firth, ford, and port.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fjords",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fjord (plural fjords)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fjord"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Bodies of water",
"orig": "en:Bodies of water",
"parents": [
"Landforms",
"Water",
"Earth",
"Places",
"Liquids",
"Nature",
"Names",
"Matter",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Chemistry",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Sciences",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "en:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Water",
"orig": "en:Water",
"parents": [
"Liquids",
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fjorded"
},
{
"word": "fjord horse"
},
{
"word": "fjordic"
},
{
"word": "fjording"
},
{
"word": "fjordlike"
},
{
"word": "Kolding Fjord"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1839, T. D. W[hatley], “Section II. Norway.”, in A Hand-book for Travellers in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Russia, being a Guide to the Principal Routes in Those Countries, […], London: John Murray, […]; Leipzig: Black and Armstrong, →OCLC, page 73",
"text": "About 20 English miles beyond this river, which is the largest in Norway, the road crosses the fjord which forms the boundary of the two kingdoms [Norway and Sweden]; and whose waters but too often in former days were dyed with the life-blood of many a bold mountaineer who crossed the \"border stream\" never to return.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1841, Harriet Martineau, “The Water Sprites’ Doings.”, in Feats on the Fiord. A Tale (The Playfellow; a Series of Tales to be Published Quarterly; 3), London: Charles Knight & Co., […], →OCLC, pages 123–124",
"text": "At last one gave a deep groan, and another declared that the spirits of the fiord were against them, and there was no doubt that their boat was now lying twenty fathoms deep, at the bottom of the creek; drawn down by the strong hand of an angry water-spirit. [...] Another said he would not go till he had looked abroad over the fiord, for some chance of seeing the boat.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1894 August, Spitzbergen and Norway in August 1894: Itinerary of the Pleasure Cruise of the “S.S. Lusitania.” From 1st August to 2nd September (33 Days), London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Limited […], →OCLC, page 46",
"text": "Like most of the larger inlets, and some of the inland lakes, the Sogne fjord is much deeper than the sea beyond, the depth in places being upwards of 4,000 feet, [...] Before the \"glacial epoch,\" thousands of streams commenced the work of erosion and produced valleys and gorges. During the glacial epoch these channels were enlarged, and lake basins were hollowed out. The descending glaciers ground out fjords to their full length when the glacial epoch was at its height, but as it declined they ground out the inner parts to a still greater depth, producing the present character of the marine fjords, and giving rise to lake hollows in other places.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1909, Ralph S[tockman] Tarr, “General Physiography”, in The Yakutat Bay Region, Alaska (United States Geographical Survey, Department of the Interior, Professional Paper; 64), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, part I (Physiography and Glacial Geology), page 15",
"text": "Disenchantment Bay, as the Yakutat Bay inlet is called north of Point Latouche, is bordered on the east by the steep hills of the peninsula and on the west by the main mountain front. Its coast is precipitous and through nearly its entire length it is a true mountain-walled fiord. The two mountain walls approach each other at Point Latouche almost at right angles, and Disenchantment Bay enters between them with a nearly north-south axis.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1951, Richard A. Hebert, “Hancock County”, in Modern Maine: Its Historic Background, People and Resources, volume II, New York, N.Y.: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, part III (A County by County Descriptive Outline of City, Town and Country in Maine), page 281",
"text": "In the center of Mount Desert Island is deep Somes Sound, almost bisecting the island and forming the only natural fjord on the entire Atlantic Coast of North America.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1973 December, “Description of the Environment”, in Proposed Harding Icefield–Kenai Fjords National Monument, Alaska: Draft Environmental Impact Statement DES 73-86, [Washington, D.C.: Alaska Planning Group, National Park Service, Department of the Interior], →OCLC, section II.A.1 (Physical Environment), page 51",
"text": "The warm Alaska Current raises the water temperature off the coast of the monument to approximately 55°F. in the summer, while winter temperatures range from 37.5° to 40°F. Temperatures in individual fjords vary due to tidewater glaciers and fresh water flowing into the fjords [...].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, M. E. Inall, P. A. Gillibrand, “The Physics of Mid-latitude Fjords: A Review”, in J. A. Howe, W. E. N. Austin, M. Forwick, M. Paetzel, editors, Fjord Systems and Archives (Geographical Society Special Publication; no. 344), London: The Geological Society, page 17",
"text": "Why should the flow of water within a fjord be of interest to the geologist? After all, fjordic geomorphology has changed little over the last few thousand years. One reason is that attention has recently focused on fjords as archives of Holocene climate change.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019, J. N. Moum, W. D. Smyth, “Upper Ocean Mixing”, in J. Kirk Cochran, Henry J. Bokuniewicz, Patricia L. Yager, editors, Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, volume I (Marine Biogeochemistry), London, San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, page 75",
"text": "Fiords are glacially carved oceanic intrusions into land. They are often deep and narrow with a sill in the mouth. Waters from neighboring seas and locally supplied fresh water fill up the fiords, often leading to strong stratification. Fiords with tidewater glaciers also contain glacial ice. During transport into and stay in the fiord, mixing processes modify the properties of imported water masses.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A long, narrow, deep inlet between cliffs."
],
"id": "en-fjord-en-noun-e7QWCGsJ",
"links": [
[
"long",
"long#Adjective"
],
[
"narrow",
"narrow#Adjective"
],
[
"deep",
"deep#Adjective"
],
[
"inlet",
"inlet"
],
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "fjard"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
],
"word": "fiord"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḵalal",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "خَلَل"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "wādin ḵilāliyy",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "وَادٍ خِلَالِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "fyord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "ֆյորդ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "fiord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "ֆիորդ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fyord"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "fijórd",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фіёрд"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "fʺjord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ф'ёрд"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fiórd",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фио́рд"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fjord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фьорд"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiord"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "峽灣"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiáwān",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "峡湾"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fjordo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjørður"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "vuono"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiord"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiorde"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "piordi",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "ფიორდი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Fjord"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fiórd",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "φιόρδ"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "kangerluk"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "fyord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פְיוֹרְד"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "fyorḍ",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "फ़्योर्ड"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjörður"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fyordo"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "teluk kutub"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fyord"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "caolsáile"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiordo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fiyorudo",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "フィヨルド"
},
{
"alt": "きょうわん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōwan",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "峡湾"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ford",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "фьорд"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pioreu",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "피오르"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pioreudeu",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "피오르드"
},
{
"alt": "峽灣",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hyeomman",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "협만"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "ford",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "фьорд"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjords"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjordas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "fjord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фјорд"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fiord"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "keyllys sailley"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "tai matapari"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "vuotna"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjǫrðr"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "angr"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "âbdare",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "آبدره"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "fiyôrd",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "فیورد"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiord"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiorde"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fiord"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fʹord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фьорд"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fiórd",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фио́рд"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "фјо̏рд"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjȍrd"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiordo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "piyordo"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "fiord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "фиорд"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "f’ord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "фьорд"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "fà-yɔ́ɔt",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "ฟยอร์ด"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fiyort"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "fiórd",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фіо́рд"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "fjord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"dated",
"masculine"
],
"word": "фйорд"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fiord"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "vịnh hẹp băng hà"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "ffiord"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fjord"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfiːɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fiˈɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fjɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fiˈɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fjɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)d"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fjord.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/En-us-fjord.ogg/En-us-fjord.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/En-us-fjord.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-fjord.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-fjord.ogg/En-au-fjord.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-fjord.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "fjord"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "fjorded"
},
{
"word": "fjord horse"
},
{
"word": "fjordic"
},
{
"word": "fjording"
},
{
"word": "fjordlike"
},
{
"word": "Kolding Fjord"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "フィヨルド",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "fiyorudo"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: フィヨルド (fiyorudo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: フィヨルド (fiyorudo)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per- (fare)",
"4": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "no",
"3": "fjord"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Norwegian fjord",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "fjǫrðr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fjǫrðr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ferþu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ferþu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ferþuz",
"t": "inlet, fjord"
},
"expansion": "*ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pértus",
"t": "crossing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*per-",
"t": "to carry forth"
},
"expansion": "*per- (“to carry forth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-tus",
"pos": "suffix forming action nouns from verb roots"
},
"expansion": "*-tus (suffix forming action nouns from verb roots)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "firth",
"3": "ford",
"4": "port"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of firth, ford, and port",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Norwegian fjord, from Old Norse fjǫrðr, from Proto-Germanic *ferþu, *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”), from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”), from *per- (“to carry forth”) + *-tus (suffix forming action nouns from verb roots). Doublet of firth, ford, and port.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fjords",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fjord (plural fjords)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fjord"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "fjard"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Norwegian",
"English terms derived from Norwegian",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-tus",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with quotations",
"English unadapted borrowings from Norwegian",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d/1 syllable",
"en:Bodies of water",
"en:Landforms",
"en:Water"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1839, T. D. W[hatley], “Section II. Norway.”, in A Hand-book for Travellers in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Russia, being a Guide to the Principal Routes in Those Countries, […], London: John Murray, […]; Leipzig: Black and Armstrong, →OCLC, page 73",
"text": "About 20 English miles beyond this river, which is the largest in Norway, the road crosses the fjord which forms the boundary of the two kingdoms [Norway and Sweden]; and whose waters but too often in former days were dyed with the life-blood of many a bold mountaineer who crossed the \"border stream\" never to return.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1841, Harriet Martineau, “The Water Sprites’ Doings.”, in Feats on the Fiord. A Tale (The Playfellow; a Series of Tales to be Published Quarterly; 3), London: Charles Knight & Co., […], →OCLC, pages 123–124",
"text": "At last one gave a deep groan, and another declared that the spirits of the fiord were against them, and there was no doubt that their boat was now lying twenty fathoms deep, at the bottom of the creek; drawn down by the strong hand of an angry water-spirit. [...] Another said he would not go till he had looked abroad over the fiord, for some chance of seeing the boat.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1894 August, Spitzbergen and Norway in August 1894: Itinerary of the Pleasure Cruise of the “S.S. Lusitania.” From 1st August to 2nd September (33 Days), London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Limited […], →OCLC, page 46",
"text": "Like most of the larger inlets, and some of the inland lakes, the Sogne fjord is much deeper than the sea beyond, the depth in places being upwards of 4,000 feet, [...] Before the \"glacial epoch,\" thousands of streams commenced the work of erosion and produced valleys and gorges. During the glacial epoch these channels were enlarged, and lake basins were hollowed out. The descending glaciers ground out fjords to their full length when the glacial epoch was at its height, but as it declined they ground out the inner parts to a still greater depth, producing the present character of the marine fjords, and giving rise to lake hollows in other places.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1909, Ralph S[tockman] Tarr, “General Physiography”, in The Yakutat Bay Region, Alaska (United States Geographical Survey, Department of the Interior, Professional Paper; 64), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, part I (Physiography and Glacial Geology), page 15",
"text": "Disenchantment Bay, as the Yakutat Bay inlet is called north of Point Latouche, is bordered on the east by the steep hills of the peninsula and on the west by the main mountain front. Its coast is precipitous and through nearly its entire length it is a true mountain-walled fiord. The two mountain walls approach each other at Point Latouche almost at right angles, and Disenchantment Bay enters between them with a nearly north-south axis.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1951, Richard A. Hebert, “Hancock County”, in Modern Maine: Its Historic Background, People and Resources, volume II, New York, N.Y.: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, part III (A County by County Descriptive Outline of City, Town and Country in Maine), page 281",
"text": "In the center of Mount Desert Island is deep Somes Sound, almost bisecting the island and forming the only natural fjord on the entire Atlantic Coast of North America.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1973 December, “Description of the Environment”, in Proposed Harding Icefield–Kenai Fjords National Monument, Alaska: Draft Environmental Impact Statement DES 73-86, [Washington, D.C.: Alaska Planning Group, National Park Service, Department of the Interior], →OCLC, section II.A.1 (Physical Environment), page 51",
"text": "The warm Alaska Current raises the water temperature off the coast of the monument to approximately 55°F. in the summer, while winter temperatures range from 37.5° to 40°F. Temperatures in individual fjords vary due to tidewater glaciers and fresh water flowing into the fjords [...].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, M. E. Inall, P. A. Gillibrand, “The Physics of Mid-latitude Fjords: A Review”, in J. A. Howe, W. E. N. Austin, M. Forwick, M. Paetzel, editors, Fjord Systems and Archives (Geographical Society Special Publication; no. 344), London: The Geological Society, page 17",
"text": "Why should the flow of water within a fjord be of interest to the geologist? After all, fjordic geomorphology has changed little over the last few thousand years. One reason is that attention has recently focused on fjords as archives of Holocene climate change.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019, J. N. Moum, W. D. Smyth, “Upper Ocean Mixing”, in J. Kirk Cochran, Henry J. Bokuniewicz, Patricia L. Yager, editors, Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, volume I (Marine Biogeochemistry), London, San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, page 75",
"text": "Fiords are glacially carved oceanic intrusions into land. They are often deep and narrow with a sill in the mouth. Waters from neighboring seas and locally supplied fresh water fill up the fiords, often leading to strong stratification. Fiords with tidewater glaciers also contain glacial ice. During transport into and stay in the fiord, mixing processes modify the properties of imported water masses.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A long, narrow, deep inlet between cliffs."
],
"links": [
[
"long",
"long#Adjective"
],
[
"narrow",
"narrow#Adjective"
],
[
"deep",
"deep#Adjective"
],
[
"inlet",
"inlet"
],
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"fjord"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfiːɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fiˈɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fjɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fiˈɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fjɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)d"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fjord.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/En-us-fjord.ogg/En-us-fjord.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/En-us-fjord.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-fjord.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-fjord.ogg/En-au-fjord.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-fjord.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
],
"word": "fiord"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḵalal",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "خَلَل"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "wādin ḵilāliyy",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "وَادٍ خِلَالِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "fyord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "ֆյորդ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "fiord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "ֆիորդ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fyord"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "fijórd",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фіёрд"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "fʺjord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ф'ёрд"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fiórd",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фио́рд"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fjord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фьорд"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiord"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "峽灣"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiáwān",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "峡湾"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fjordo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjørður"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "vuono"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiord"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiorde"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "piordi",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "ფიორდი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Fjord"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fiórd",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "φιόρδ"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "kangerluk"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "fyord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פְיוֹרְד"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "fyorḍ",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "फ़्योर्ड"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjörður"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fyordo"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "teluk kutub"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fyord"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "caolsáile"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiordo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fiyorudo",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "フィヨルド"
},
{
"alt": "きょうわん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōwan",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "峡湾"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ford",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "фьорд"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pioreu",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "피오르"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pioreudeu",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "피오르드"
},
{
"alt": "峽灣",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hyeomman",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "협만"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "ford",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "фьорд"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjords"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjordas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "fjord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фјорд"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fiord"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "keyllys sailley"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "tai matapari"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "vuotna"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjǫrðr"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "angr"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "âbdare",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "آبدره"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "fiyôrd",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "فیورد"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiord"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiorde"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fiord"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fʹord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фьорд"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fiórd",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фио́рд"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "фјо̏рд"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjȍrd"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiordo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fjord"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "piyordo"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "fiord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "фиорд"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "f’ord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "фьорд"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "fà-yɔ́ɔt",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "ฟยอร์ด"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fiyort"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "fiórd",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фіо́рд"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "fjord",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"tags": [
"dated",
"masculine"
],
"word": "фйорд"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "fiord"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "vịnh hẹp băng hà"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "long, narrow, deep inlet",
"word": "ffiord"
}
],
"word": "fjord"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.