"fallacy" meaning in English

See fallacy in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈfæl.ə.si/ [Canada, General-American, General-Australian, Received-Pronunciation] Audio: en-us-fallacy.ogg [US] Forms: fallacies [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English fallaci, fallace, fallas, from Old French fallace, from Latin fallācia (“deception, deceit”), from fallāx (“deceptive, deceitful”), from fallere (“to deceive”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|fallaci}} Middle English fallaci, {{m|enm|fallace}} fallace, {{m|enm|fallas}} fallas, {{der|en|fro|fallace}} Old French fallace, {{der|en|la|fallācia|t=deception, deceit}} Latin fallācia (“deception, deceit”), {{m|la|fallāx|t=deceptive, deceitful}} fallāx (“deceptive, deceitful”), {{m|la|fallere|t=to deceive}} fallere (“to deceive”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} fallacy (plural fallacies)
  1. Deceptive or false appearance; that which misleads the eye or the mind. Synonyms: deception, deceitfulness Translations (deceptive or false appearance): заблуда (zabluda) [feminine] (Bulgarian), klam [masculine] (Czech), bedrieglijkheid (Dutch), sofismo (Esperanto), tromperie [feminine] (French), Täuschung [feminine] (German), πλάνη (pláni) [feminine] (Greek), megtévesztés (Hungarian), félrevezetés (Hungarian), いんちき (inchiki) (Japanese), 欺瞞 (giman) (Japanese), 欺騙 (gihen) (Japanese), жаңылыштык (jaŋılıştık) (Kyrgyz), адашуу (adaşuu) (Kyrgyz), pōhēhētanga (Maori), błąd logiczny [masculine] (Polish), ilusão [feminine] (Portuguese), обма́нчивость (obmánčivostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), obmana (Serbo-Croatian), bedräglighet (Swedish), mantıksızlık (Turkish), mugalata (Turkish), yanlış (Turkish), yanlış düşünce (Turkish), yanlış inanış (Turkish), yanılgı (Turkish), ома́на (omána) [feminine] (Ukrainian), مُغالطَہ (mughalta) (Urdu), ngụy biện (Vietnamese), ngộ biện (Vietnamese)
    Sense id: en-fallacy-en-noun-QwygHIcQ Disambiguation of 'deceptive or false appearance': 92 8
  2. (logic) An argument, or apparent argument, which professes to be decisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not; a specious argument. Categories (topical): Logic Synonyms: logical fallacy, incorrect argument Hyponyms: formal fallacy, informal fallacy Translations (false argument): παραλογισμός (paralogismós) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), مُغَالَطَة (muḡālaṭa) [feminine] (Arabic), софизъм (sofizǎm) [neuter] (Bulgarian), fal·làcia [feminine] (Catalan), 謬誤 (Chinese Mandarin), 谬误 (miùwù) (Chinese Mandarin), logický klam [masculine] (Czech), fejlslutning [common-gender] (Danish), drogreden [feminine, masculine] (Dutch), schijnreden [feminine] (Dutch), sofisme [neuter] (Dutch), argumentointivirhe (Finnish), virhepäätelmä (Finnish), sophisme [masculine] (French), falacia [feminine] (Galician), Trugschluss [masculine] (German), Fehlschluss [masculine] (German), rökvilla [feminine] (Icelandic), fallacia [feminine] (Italian), 誤謬 (gobyū) (alt: ごびゅう) (Japanese), 詭弁 (kiben) (Japanese), 迷妄 (meimō) (Japanese), tankefeil [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), sofizmat [masculine] (Polish), falácia [feminine] (Portuguese), заблужде́ние (zabluždénije) [neuter] (Russian), ло́жный вы́вод (lóžnyj vývod) [masculine] (Russian), софи́зм (sofízm) [masculine] (Russian), zabluda (Serbo-Croatian), logička pogreška (Serbo-Croatian), falacia [feminine] (Spanish), felslut [neuter] (Swedish), kasinsayan (Tagalog), ตรรกวิบัติ (dtàk-gà-wí-bàt) (Thai), yanılım (Turkish), aldatı (Turkish), ома́на (omána) [feminine] (Ukrainian), ngộ biện (Vietnamese)
    Sense id: en-fallacy-en-noun-POwMtH4e Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English terms suffixed with -acy Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 41 59 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 35 65 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -acy: 39 61 Topics: human-sciences, logic, mathematics, philosophy, sciences Disambiguation of 'false argument': 38 62
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: fail, fallible, sophism

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for fallacy meaning in English (13.8kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "apex fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "bandwagon fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "base rate fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "black swan fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "conceptual fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "conjunction fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "counterfallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ethnocentric fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "etymological fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fallacious"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fallacy fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fallacy of composition"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "formal fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gambler's fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "genetic fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "informal fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "intensional fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "intentional fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "just-world fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "logical fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ludic fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "masked-man fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "masked man fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Monte Carlo fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "naturalistic fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "nirvana fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "no true Scotsman fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pathetic fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sunk costs fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Texas sharpshooter fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toupée fallacy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toupee fallacy"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "fallaci"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English fallaci",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fallace"
      },
      "expansion": "fallace",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fallas"
      },
      "expansion": "fallas",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "fallace"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French fallace",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "fallācia",
        "t": "deception, deceit"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fallācia (“deception, deceit”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fallāx",
        "t": "deceptive, deceitful"
      },
      "expansion": "fallāx (“deceptive, deceitful”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fallere",
        "t": "to deceive"
      },
      "expansion": "fallere (“to deceive”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English fallaci, fallace, fallas, from Old French fallace, from Latin fallācia (“deception, deceit”), from fallāx (“deceptive, deceitful”), from fallere (“to deceive”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "fallacies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "fallacy (plural fallacies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fail"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fallible"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sophism"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Deceptive or false appearance; that which misleads the eye or the mind."
      ],
      "id": "en-fallacy-en-noun-QwygHIcQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "Deceptive",
          "deceptive"
        ],
        [
          "false",
          "false"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "deception"
        },
        {
          "word": "deceitfulness"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "zabluda",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "заблуда"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "klam"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "bedrieglijkheid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "sofismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tromperie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Täuschung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "pláni",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "πλάνη"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "megtévesztés"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "félrevezetés"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "inchiki",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "いんちき"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "giman",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "欺瞞"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "gihen",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "欺騙"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "ky",
          "lang": "Kyrgyz",
          "roman": "jaŋılıştık",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "жаңылыштык"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "ky",
          "lang": "Kyrgyz",
          "roman": "adaşuu",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "адашуу"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "pōhēhētanga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "błąd logiczny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ilusão"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "obmánčivostʹ",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "обма́нчивость"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "obmana"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "bedräglighet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "mantıksızlık"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "mugalata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "yanlış"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "yanlış düşünce"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "yanlış inanış"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "yanılgı"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "omána",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ома́на"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "mughalta",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "مُغالطَہ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "ngụy biện"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 8",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
          "word": "ngộ biện"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Logic",
          "orig": "en:Logic",
          "parents": [
            "Formal sciences",
            "Philosophy",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 65",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -acy",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, page 163",
          "text": "Baldridge also showed the \"one molecule of blood,\" usually held to be the stimulus for attracting sharks, to be another common fallacy, since a molecule of blood does not exist.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An argument, or apparent argument, which professes to be decisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not; a specious argument."
      ],
      "hyponyms": [
        {
          "word": "formal fallacy"
        },
        {
          "word": "informal fallacy"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-fallacy-en-noun-POwMtH4e",
      "links": [
        [
          "logic",
          "logic"
        ],
        [
          "argument",
          "argument"
        ],
        [
          "specious",
          "specious"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(logic) An argument, or apparent argument, which professes to be decisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not; a specious argument."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "logical fallacy"
        },
        {
          "word": "incorrect argument"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "logic",
        "mathematics",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "muḡālaṭa",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "مُغَالَطَة"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "sofizǎm",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "софизъм"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fal·làcia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "word": "謬誤"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "miùwù",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "word": "谬误"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "logický klam"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "fejlslutning"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "drogreden"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "schijnreden"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "sofisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "word": "argumentointivirhe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "word": "virhepäätelmä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sophisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "falacia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Trugschluss"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Fehlschluss"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "paralogismós",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "παραλογισμός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "rökvilla"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fallacia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "alt": "ごびゅう",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "gobyū",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "word": "誤謬"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kiben",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "word": "詭弁"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "meimō",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "word": "迷妄"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "tankefeil"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sofizmat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "falácia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zabluždénije",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "заблужде́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "lóžnyj vývod",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ло́жный вы́вод"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "sofízm",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "софи́зм"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "word": "zabluda"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "word": "logička pogreška"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "falacia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "felslut"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "word": "kasinsayan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "dtàk-gà-wí-bàt",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "word": "ตรรกวิบัติ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "word": "yanılım"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "word": "aldatı"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "omána",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ома́на"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 62",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "false argument",
          "word": "ngộ biện"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfæl.ə.si/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "General-American",
        "General-Australian",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-fallacy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/En-us-fallacy.ogg/En-us-fallacy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/En-us-fallacy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "fallacy"
  ],
  "word": "fallacy"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms suffixed with -acy",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "apex fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "bandwagon fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "base rate fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "black swan fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "conceptual fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "conjunction fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "counterfallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "ethnocentric fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "etymological fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "fallacious"
    },
    {
      "word": "fallacy fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "fallacy of composition"
    },
    {
      "word": "formal fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "gambler's fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "genetic fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "informal fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "intensional fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "intentional fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "just-world fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "logical fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "ludic fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "masked-man fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "masked man fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "Monte Carlo fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "naturalistic fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "nirvana fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "no true Scotsman fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "pathetic fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "sunk costs fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "Texas sharpshooter fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "toupée fallacy"
    },
    {
      "word": "toupee fallacy"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "fallaci"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English fallaci",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fallace"
      },
      "expansion": "fallace",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fallas"
      },
      "expansion": "fallas",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "fallace"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French fallace",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "fallācia",
        "t": "deception, deceit"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fallācia (“deception, deceit”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fallāx",
        "t": "deceptive, deceitful"
      },
      "expansion": "fallāx (“deceptive, deceitful”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fallere",
        "t": "to deceive"
      },
      "expansion": "fallere (“to deceive”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English fallaci, fallace, fallas, from Old French fallace, from Latin fallācia (“deception, deceit”), from fallāx (“deceptive, deceitful”), from fallere (“to deceive”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "fallacies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "fallacy (plural fallacies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "fail"
    },
    {
      "word": "fallible"
    },
    {
      "word": "sophism"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Deceptive or false appearance; that which misleads the eye or the mind."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Deceptive",
          "deceptive"
        ],
        [
          "false",
          "false"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "deception"
        },
        {
          "word": "deceitfulness"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Logic"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, page 163",
          "text": "Baldridge also showed the \"one molecule of blood,\" usually held to be the stimulus for attracting sharks, to be another common fallacy, since a molecule of blood does not exist.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An argument, or apparent argument, which professes to be decisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not; a specious argument."
      ],
      "hyponyms": [
        {
          "word": "formal fallacy"
        },
        {
          "word": "informal fallacy"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "logic",
          "logic"
        ],
        [
          "argument",
          "argument"
        ],
        [
          "specious",
          "specious"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(logic) An argument, or apparent argument, which professes to be decisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not; a specious argument."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "logical fallacy"
        },
        {
          "word": "incorrect argument"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "logic",
        "mathematics",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfæl.ə.si/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "General-American",
        "General-Australian",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-fallacy.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/En-us-fallacy.ogg/En-us-fallacy.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/En-us-fallacy.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "zabluda",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "заблуда"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "klam"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "bedrieglijkheid"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "sofismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tromperie"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Täuschung"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "pláni",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "πλάνη"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "megtévesztés"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "félrevezetés"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "inchiki",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "いんちき"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "giman",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "欺瞞"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "gihen",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "欺騙"
    },
    {
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "jaŋılıştık",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "жаңылыштык"
    },
    {
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "adaşuu",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "адашуу"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "pōhēhētanga"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "błąd logiczny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ilusão"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "obmánčivostʹ",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "обма́нчивость"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "obmana"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "bedräglighet"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "mantıksızlık"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "mugalata"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "yanlış"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "yanlış düşünce"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "yanlış inanış"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "yanılgı"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "omána",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ома́на"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "mughalta",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "مُغالطَہ"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "ngụy biện"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "deceptive or false appearance",
      "word": "ngộ biện"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "muḡālaṭa",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "مُغَالَطَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "sofizǎm",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "софизъм"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fal·làcia"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "word": "謬誤"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "miùwù",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "word": "谬误"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "logický klam"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "fejlslutning"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "drogreden"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "schijnreden"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "sofisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "word": "argumentointivirhe"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "word": "virhepäätelmä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sophisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "falacia"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Trugschluss"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Fehlschluss"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "paralogismós",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "παραλογισμός"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "rökvilla"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fallacia"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ごびゅう",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "gobyū",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "word": "誤謬"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kiben",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "word": "詭弁"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "meimō",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "word": "迷妄"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tankefeil"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sofizmat"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "falácia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zabluždénije",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "заблужде́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "lóžnyj vývod",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ло́жный вы́вод"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "sofízm",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "софи́зм"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "word": "zabluda"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "word": "logička pogreška"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "falacia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "felslut"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "word": "kasinsayan"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "dtàk-gà-wí-bàt",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "word": "ตรรกวิบัติ"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "word": "yanılım"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "word": "aldatı"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "omána",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ома́на"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "false argument",
      "word": "ngộ biện"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "fallacy"
  ],
  "word": "fallacy"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.