See estival in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "autumnal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "brumal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "prevernal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "serotinal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "estival"
},
"expansion": "Middle English estival",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estival"
},
"expansion": "Old French estival",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "aestivalis"
},
"expansion": "Latin aestivalis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English estival, from Old French estival, from Latin aestivalis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more estival",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most estival",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "aestival",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "æstival",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "estival (comparative more estival, superlative most estival)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "estivate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "hibernal"
},
{
"word": "brumal"
},
{
"word": "winter"
},
{
"word": "wintry"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1938, James Agee, Knoxville: Summer of 1915:",
"text": "A horse, drawing a buggy, breaking his hollow iron music on the asphalt; a loud auto, a quiet auto; people in pairs, not in a hurry, scuffling, switching their weight of aestival body, talking casually; the taste hovering over them of vanilla, strawberry, pasteboard, and starched milk; the image upon them of lovers and horsemen, squared with clowns in hueless amber.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to summer."
],
"id": "en-estival-en-adj-o7z4w6I9",
"links": [
[
"summer",
"summer"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "summery"
},
{
"word": "summer"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣayfiyy",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "صَيْفِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ljétni",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "ле́тні"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "leten",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "летен"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estival"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "zomers"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "kesäinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estival"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estival"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sazapxulo",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "საზაფხულო"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "zapxulis",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "ზაფხულის"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "zapxuluri",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "ზაფხულური"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "sommerlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "nyári"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "somerala"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estival"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "aestivālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tâbestâni",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "تابستانی"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estival"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estival"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estiv"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "văratic"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "létnij",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "ле́тний"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estival"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "somrig"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lítnij",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "лі́тній"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "hafol"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "1 53 1 44",
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "9 91",
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{
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{
"_dis": "9 91",
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{
"_dis": "2 98",
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},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
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{
"_dis": "9 91",
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"name": "Terms with German translations",
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{
"_dis": "9 91",
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{
"_dis": "2 98",
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{
"_dis": "3 97",
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{
"_dis": "3 97",
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{
"_dis": "9 91",
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{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
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{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "8 92",
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{
"_dis": "9 91",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1824, Thomas Forster, The Perennial Calendar, and Companion to the Almanack, page 328:",
"text": "[…] begin now to redden in abundance on the trees, and continue throughout the month, and part of the next; more particulars of which will be found in our catalogue of aestival fruits. The birds now begin to be very active in devouring the fruits, ...",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1880, Rugby School, “Report of the Rugby School Natural History Society”, in Natural History, Society, page 5:",
"text": "To the first or aestival class must also be referred a small number of early spring flowerers, such as the Alyssums and Drabas.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1892, Contribution[s] from the Botanical Survey of Nebraska, page 72:",
"text": "Thalictrum purpurascens. Lactuca pulchella. Verbena stricta. The estival period begins about the tenth of June, and is characterized by the rapid diminution of the vernal bloomers rather than by the addition of the important estival flowers .",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1911, John Merle Coulter, Henry Chandler Cowles, Ecology, page 843:",
"text": "On the other hand, many tropical flowers and a large number of estival flowers of temperate climates have more specialized structures, their nectar supply being hidden in spurs or at the base of long corolla tubes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, William Penn, Love in the Time of Flowers, Trafford Publishing, →ISBN, page 754:",
"text": "[…] were basking near men-of-the-earth (always a morning glory) and kiss-mes and kiss-me-quicks where she was sure to contract spring fever, vulnerable as she with her romanticist heart was to get it now that estival flowers […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Coming forth in the summer."
],
"id": "en-estival-en-adj-yFnOPC7a"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iːˈstaɪv(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːstɪv(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛˈstaɪv(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛstaɪv(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪvəl"
}
],
"word": "estival"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aɪvəl",
"Rhymes:English/aɪvəl/3 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "autumnal"
},
{
"word": "brumal"
},
{
"word": "prevernal"
},
{
"word": "serotinal"
},
{
"word": "vernal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "estival"
},
"expansion": "Middle English estival",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estival"
},
"expansion": "Old French estival",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "aestivalis"
},
"expansion": "Latin aestivalis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English estival, from Old French estival, from Latin aestivalis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more estival",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most estival",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "aestival",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "æstival",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "estival (comparative more estival, superlative most estival)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "estivate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "hibernal"
},
{
"word": "brumal"
},
{
"word": "winter"
},
{
"word": "wintry"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1938, James Agee, Knoxville: Summer of 1915:",
"text": "A horse, drawing a buggy, breaking his hollow iron music on the asphalt; a loud auto, a quiet auto; people in pairs, not in a hurry, scuffling, switching their weight of aestival body, talking casually; the taste hovering over them of vanilla, strawberry, pasteboard, and starched milk; the image upon them of lovers and horsemen, squared with clowns in hueless amber.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to summer."
],
"links": [
[
"summer",
"summer"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "summery"
},
{
"word": "summer"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1824, Thomas Forster, The Perennial Calendar, and Companion to the Almanack, page 328:",
"text": "[…] begin now to redden in abundance on the trees, and continue throughout the month, and part of the next; more particulars of which will be found in our catalogue of aestival fruits. The birds now begin to be very active in devouring the fruits, ...",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1880, Rugby School, “Report of the Rugby School Natural History Society”, in Natural History, Society, page 5:",
"text": "To the first or aestival class must also be referred a small number of early spring flowerers, such as the Alyssums and Drabas.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1892, Contribution[s] from the Botanical Survey of Nebraska, page 72:",
"text": "Thalictrum purpurascens. Lactuca pulchella. Verbena stricta. The estival period begins about the tenth of June, and is characterized by the rapid diminution of the vernal bloomers rather than by the addition of the important estival flowers .",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1911, John Merle Coulter, Henry Chandler Cowles, Ecology, page 843:",
"text": "On the other hand, many tropical flowers and a large number of estival flowers of temperate climates have more specialized structures, their nectar supply being hidden in spurs or at the base of long corolla tubes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, William Penn, Love in the Time of Flowers, Trafford Publishing, →ISBN, page 754:",
"text": "[…] were basking near men-of-the-earth (always a morning glory) and kiss-mes and kiss-me-quicks where she was sure to contract spring fever, vulnerable as she with her romanticist heart was to get it now that estival flowers […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Coming forth in the summer."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iːˈstaɪv(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiːstɪv(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛˈstaɪv(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛstaɪv(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪvəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣayfiyy",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "صَيْفِيّ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ljétni",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "ле́тні"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "leten",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "летен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estival"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "zomers"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "kesäinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estival"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estival"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sazapxulo",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "საზაფხულო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "zapxulis",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "ზაფხულის"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "zapxuluri",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "ზაფხულური"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "sommerlich"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "nyári"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "somerala"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estival"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estivo"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "aestivālis"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tâbestâni",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "تابستانی"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estival"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estivo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estival"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estiv"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "văratic"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "létnij",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "ле́тний"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "estival"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "somrig"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lítnij",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "лі́тній"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "of or relating to summer",
"word": "hafol"
}
],
"word": "estival"
}
Download raw JSONL data for estival meaning in English (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.