See vernal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "summery · autumn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fall: autumnal · winter: brumal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hibernal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wintry"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "prevernal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sweet vernal grass"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal-bearded"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal conjunctivitis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal crocus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal cyclamen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal equinoctial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal equinox"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal gentian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal grass"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernality"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernalization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernalize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal keratoconjunctivitis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernally"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal orobus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal point"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal pool"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal sandwort"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal season"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal sedge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal-seeming"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal speedwell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal squill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal stargrass"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal starwort"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernal-tinctured"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wósr̥"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *wósr̥",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Japanese cherry"
},
"expansion": "Japanese cherry",
"name": "vern"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Prunus serrulata",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Prunus serrulata",
"name": "taxlink"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vernālis",
"t": "(rare) of or pertaining to spring; vernal"
},
"expansion": "Latin vernālis (“(rare) of or pertaining to spring; vernal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wósr̥",
"t": "spring"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥ (“spring”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "vernal"
},
"expansion": "Old French vernal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vernal"
},
"expansion": "French vernal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "vernale",
"t": "pertaining to spring; vernal"
},
"expansion": "Italian vernale (“pertaining to spring; vernal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "vernal"
},
"expansion": "Occitan vernal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "vernal",
"t": "pertaining to spring; vernal"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese vernal (“pertaining to spring; vernal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "vernal",
"t": "pertaining to spring; vernal"
},
"expansion": "Spanish vernal (“pertaining to spring; vernal”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *wósr̥\nFrom Latin vernālis (“(rare) of or pertaining to spring; vernal”), from vērnus (“of or pertaining to spring; vernal”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship). Vērnus is derived from vēr (“season of spring”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥ (“spring”)) + -nus (suffix forming adjectives). The English word is cognate with Old French vernal (modern French vernal), Italian vernale (“pertaining to spring; vernal”), Occitan vernal, Portuguese vernal (“pertaining to spring; vernal”), Spanish vernal (“pertaining to spring; vernal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more vernal",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most vernal",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vernal (comparative more vernal, superlative most vernal)",
"name": "en-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "formal",
"3": "literary"
},
"expansion": "(formal, literary)",
"name": "term-label"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vern‧al"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "primavera"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "springtime",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ver"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vere"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "springtime",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "vere-time"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1633, Thomas Bancroft, The Glvttons Feauer, London: Printed by Iohn Norton, for William Cooke, […], →OCLC; quoted in “Bancroft, (Thomas.)—The Glvttons Feauer. […] 1633.”, in Thomas Corser, editor, Collectanea Anglo-Poetica: Or, A Bibliographical and Descriptive Catalogue of a Portion of a Collection of Early English Poetry, […] (Remains Historical & Literary Connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chester; LII), part I, [Manchester]: Printed for the Chetham Society, 1860, →OCLC, page 139:",
"text": "For as a vernall Larke, but lately drest / In her first Downe, abandoning her nest, / Stretchest her pinions, her small force assayes / Flutters, and fals before her flight shee raise, [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1640, Ovid, “The Fifth Book; Or, May”, in John Gower, transl., edited by Edward Alliston, Ovids Festivalls, or Romaine Calendar, Translated into English Verse Equinumerally, [Cambridge, Cambridgeshire]: Printed by Roger Daniel, printer to the University of Cambridge; [a]nd are to be sold by M[ichael] S[parke] junior, […], →OCLC, page 107:",
"text": "To my requeſt this anſwer ſhe bequeath'd, / Whiles from her lips the vernall Roſes breath'd; [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1671, R[alph] Bohun, “[Of the Etesian, or Anniversary VVinds: Their Several Species]”, in A Discourse Concerning the Origine and Properties of VVind. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by W. Hall for Tho[mas] Bowman, →OCLC, pages 118–119:",
"text": "[...] I have in England for ſome years paſt, kept by me an exact table, or Ephemeris both of the Vernall, and Summer Eteſians; but found the VVinds no leſſe Variable in thoſe Months, then at other Seaſons.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1794, Robert Southey, Wat Tyler. A Dramatic Poem. In Three Acts, London: J[ohn] M‘Creery, […] for Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, […], published 1817, →OCLC, Act I, page 15:",
"text": "Look round: the vernal fields smile with new flowers, / The budding orchard perfumes the soft breeze, / And the green corn waves to the passing gale.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1807, “APHIS”, in The Complete Farmer; or, General Dictionary of Agriculture and Husbandry: […], 5th re-written and enlarged edition, volume I, London: Printed by Rider and Weed, […]; for R. Baldwin; [et al.], →OCLC, column 1:",
"text": "Their [aphids'] punctures of the leaves of peach and nectarine trees in the vernal months; and of cherry, plum, and currant-trees in the summer, produce a swelling and elevation of the cuticle of the leaf on its upper side, and consequent curling of it with its upper surface outwards, which terminates in a destruction of it, [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1952, Norman Lewis, Golden Earth: Travels in Burma, London: Jonathan Cape, →OCLC; republished London: Readers Union; Jonathan Cape, 1954, →OCLC, page 120:",
"text": "On we went in this way, mile after mile, over hills and through valleys inundated with a frothing, vernal vegetation and filled with the odour of newly watered ferns in a glasshouse.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1963, J P Donleavy, A Singular Man, published 1963 (USA), page 115:",
"text": "Something about the hoot of the vessel entering the river, made George Smith shiver. Two weeks of rain storm and hurricane. For three days Miss Martin could not get to work because of flooding in the subway. And suddenly it stopped. Sun up, clear sky, air fresh, all vernal on the first day of May.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Brian A. Pavlac, “Liberation of Mind and Body: Early Modern Europe, 1543 to 1815”, in A Concise Survey of Western Civilization: Supremacies and Diversities throughout History, 2nd edition, volume 2 (1500 to the Present), Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 223:",
"text": "A religious problem unexpectedly triggered the invention of modern science. [...] According to the Julian calendar, the first day of spring (the vernal equinox, when the hours of day exactly equaled those of night) should occur around 21 March. By the fifteenth century, the vernal equinox fell in early April. The church feared that this delay jeopardized the sanctity of Easter (which was celebrated on the first Sunday after the first full moon following the vernal equinox). The Counter-Reformation papacy, eager to have its structures improved and reformed, called on intellectuals to come up with both an explanation about the Julian calendar's errors and a solution.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to or occurring in spring."
],
"id": "en-vernal-en-adj-D7w7MobJ",
"links": [
[
"occur",
"occur"
],
[
"spring",
"spring#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "springlike, spring-like"
},
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "springly"
}
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"literary"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proleten",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "пролетен"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "lente-"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "voorjaars-"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "printempa"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "keväinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "vernal"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "printanier"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gazapxulis",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "გაზაფხულის"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sagazapxulo",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "საგაზაფხულო"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gazapxuluri",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "გაზაფხულური"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "Frühlings-"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "frühlingshaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "aviví",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אֲבִיבִי"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "tavaszi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "köktemdık",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "көктемдік"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "vernus"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bahâri",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "بهاری"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "wiosenny"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "vernal"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vesénnij",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "весе́нний"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "vernal"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "primaveral"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "vårlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vesnjanýj",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "весняни́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "gwanwynol"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -al",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Calendar",
"orig": "en:Calendar",
"parents": [
"Timekeeping",
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Spring",
"orig": "en:Spring",
"parents": [
"Seasons",
"Nature",
"Periodic occurrences",
"All topics",
"Time",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "44 56",
"sense": "pertaining to seasons",
"word": "summer: aestival"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 56",
"sense": "pertaining to seasons",
"word": "estival"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 44, lines 1168–1171:",
"text": "When after the long vernal day of life, / Enamour'd more, as more remembrance ſwells / With many a proof of recollected love, / Together down they [the seasons] ſink in ſocial ſleep; [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1764, William Shenstone, “Elegy XIII. To a Friend, on Some Slight Occasion Estranged from Him.”, in The Works in Verse and Prose, of William Shenstone, Esq; Most of which Were Never before Printed. In Two Volumes. […], volume I, London: Printed for R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley […], →OCLC, stanza 2, page 45:",
"text": "Ah me! too ſwiftly fleets our vernal bloom! / Loſt to our wonted friendſhip, loſt to joy! / Soon may thy breaſt the cordial wiſh reſume, / Ere wintry doubt its tender warmth deſtroy.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1827, [John Keble], “The Circumcision of Christ”, in The Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year, volume I, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [B]y W. Baxter, for J. Parker; and C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], →OCLC, page 47:",
"text": "Art thou a child of tears, / Cradled in care and woe? / And seems it hard thy vernal years / Few vernal joys can shew?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having characteristics like spring; fresh, young, youthful."
],
"id": "en-vernal-en-adj-53dDYrYF",
"links": [
[
"characteristics",
"characteristic#Noun"
],
[
"fresh",
"fresh"
],
[
"young",
"young#Adjective"
],
[
"youthful",
"youthful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Having characteristics like spring; fresh, young, youthful."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"formal",
"literary"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "svež",
"sense": "having characteristics like spring — see also fresh, youthful",
"word": "свеж"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "axalgazrda",
"sense": "having characteristics like spring — see also fresh, youthful",
"word": "ახალგაზრდა"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "axali",
"sense": "having characteristics like spring — see also fresh, youthful",
"word": "ახალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "molodój",
"sense": "having characteristics like spring — see also fresh, youthful",
"word": "молодо́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "svéžij",
"sense": "having characteristics like spring — see also fresh, youthful",
"word": "све́жий"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɜːn(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vernal.wav",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɝnəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)nəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "vernall"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kenchō-ji"
],
"word": "vernal"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English formal terms",
"English lemmas",
"English literary terms",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *wósr̥",
"English terms suffixed with -al",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)nəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)nəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Calendar",
"en:Spring"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"sense": "pertaining to seasons",
"word": "summer: aestival"
},
{
"sense": "pertaining to seasons",
"word": "estival"
},
{
"word": "summery · autumn"
},
{
"word": "fall: autumnal · winter: brumal"
},
{
"word": "hibernal"
},
{
"word": "wintry"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "prevernal"
},
{
"word": "sweet vernal grass"
},
{
"word": "vernal-bearded"
},
{
"word": "vernal conjunctivitis"
},
{
"word": "vernal crocus"
},
{
"word": "vernal cyclamen"
},
{
"word": "vernal equinoctial"
},
{
"word": "vernal equinox"
},
{
"word": "vernal gentian"
},
{
"word": "vernal grass"
},
{
"word": "vernality"
},
{
"word": "vernalization"
},
{
"word": "vernalize"
},
{
"word": "vernal keratoconjunctivitis"
},
{
"word": "vernally"
},
{
"word": "vernal orobus"
},
{
"word": "vernal point"
},
{
"word": "vernal pool"
},
{
"word": "vernal sandwort"
},
{
"word": "vernal season"
},
{
"word": "vernal sedge"
},
{
"word": "vernal-seeming"
},
{
"word": "vernal speedwell"
},
{
"word": "vernal squill"
},
{
"word": "vernal stargrass"
},
{
"word": "vernal starwort"
},
{
"word": "vernal-tinctured"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wósr̥"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *wósr̥",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Japanese cherry"
},
"expansion": "Japanese cherry",
"name": "vern"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Prunus serrulata",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Prunus serrulata",
"name": "taxlink"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vernālis",
"t": "(rare) of or pertaining to spring; vernal"
},
"expansion": "Latin vernālis (“(rare) of or pertaining to spring; vernal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wósr̥",
"t": "spring"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥ (“spring”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "vernal"
},
"expansion": "Old French vernal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vernal"
},
"expansion": "French vernal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "vernale",
"t": "pertaining to spring; vernal"
},
"expansion": "Italian vernale (“pertaining to spring; vernal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "vernal"
},
"expansion": "Occitan vernal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "vernal",
"t": "pertaining to spring; vernal"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese vernal (“pertaining to spring; vernal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "vernal",
"t": "pertaining to spring; vernal"
},
"expansion": "Spanish vernal (“pertaining to spring; vernal”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *wósr̥\nFrom Latin vernālis (“(rare) of or pertaining to spring; vernal”), from vērnus (“of or pertaining to spring; vernal”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship). Vērnus is derived from vēr (“season of spring”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥ (“spring”)) + -nus (suffix forming adjectives). The English word is cognate with Old French vernal (modern French vernal), Italian vernale (“pertaining to spring; vernal”), Occitan vernal, Portuguese vernal (“pertaining to spring; vernal”), Spanish vernal (“pertaining to spring; vernal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more vernal",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most vernal",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vernal (comparative more vernal, superlative most vernal)",
"name": "en-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "formal",
"3": "literary"
},
"expansion": "(formal, literary)",
"name": "term-label"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vern‧al"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "primavera"
},
{
"english": "springtime",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ver"
},
{
"word": "vere"
},
{
"english": "springtime",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "vere-time"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1633, Thomas Bancroft, The Glvttons Feauer, London: Printed by Iohn Norton, for William Cooke, […], →OCLC; quoted in “Bancroft, (Thomas.)—The Glvttons Feauer. […] 1633.”, in Thomas Corser, editor, Collectanea Anglo-Poetica: Or, A Bibliographical and Descriptive Catalogue of a Portion of a Collection of Early English Poetry, […] (Remains Historical & Literary Connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chester; LII), part I, [Manchester]: Printed for the Chetham Society, 1860, →OCLC, page 139:",
"text": "For as a vernall Larke, but lately drest / In her first Downe, abandoning her nest, / Stretchest her pinions, her small force assayes / Flutters, and fals before her flight shee raise, [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1640, Ovid, “The Fifth Book; Or, May”, in John Gower, transl., edited by Edward Alliston, Ovids Festivalls, or Romaine Calendar, Translated into English Verse Equinumerally, [Cambridge, Cambridgeshire]: Printed by Roger Daniel, printer to the University of Cambridge; [a]nd are to be sold by M[ichael] S[parke] junior, […], →OCLC, page 107:",
"text": "To my requeſt this anſwer ſhe bequeath'd, / Whiles from her lips the vernall Roſes breath'd; [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1671, R[alph] Bohun, “[Of the Etesian, or Anniversary VVinds: Their Several Species]”, in A Discourse Concerning the Origine and Properties of VVind. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by W. Hall for Tho[mas] Bowman, →OCLC, pages 118–119:",
"text": "[...] I have in England for ſome years paſt, kept by me an exact table, or Ephemeris both of the Vernall, and Summer Eteſians; but found the VVinds no leſſe Variable in thoſe Months, then at other Seaſons.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1794, Robert Southey, Wat Tyler. A Dramatic Poem. In Three Acts, London: J[ohn] M‘Creery, […] for Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, […], published 1817, →OCLC, Act I, page 15:",
"text": "Look round: the vernal fields smile with new flowers, / The budding orchard perfumes the soft breeze, / And the green corn waves to the passing gale.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1807, “APHIS”, in The Complete Farmer; or, General Dictionary of Agriculture and Husbandry: […], 5th re-written and enlarged edition, volume I, London: Printed by Rider and Weed, […]; for R. Baldwin; [et al.], →OCLC, column 1:",
"text": "Their [aphids'] punctures of the leaves of peach and nectarine trees in the vernal months; and of cherry, plum, and currant-trees in the summer, produce a swelling and elevation of the cuticle of the leaf on its upper side, and consequent curling of it with its upper surface outwards, which terminates in a destruction of it, [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1952, Norman Lewis, Golden Earth: Travels in Burma, London: Jonathan Cape, →OCLC; republished London: Readers Union; Jonathan Cape, 1954, →OCLC, page 120:",
"text": "On we went in this way, mile after mile, over hills and through valleys inundated with a frothing, vernal vegetation and filled with the odour of newly watered ferns in a glasshouse.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1963, J P Donleavy, A Singular Man, published 1963 (USA), page 115:",
"text": "Something about the hoot of the vessel entering the river, made George Smith shiver. Two weeks of rain storm and hurricane. For three days Miss Martin could not get to work because of flooding in the subway. And suddenly it stopped. Sun up, clear sky, air fresh, all vernal on the first day of May.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Brian A. Pavlac, “Liberation of Mind and Body: Early Modern Europe, 1543 to 1815”, in A Concise Survey of Western Civilization: Supremacies and Diversities throughout History, 2nd edition, volume 2 (1500 to the Present), Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 223:",
"text": "A religious problem unexpectedly triggered the invention of modern science. [...] According to the Julian calendar, the first day of spring (the vernal equinox, when the hours of day exactly equaled those of night) should occur around 21 March. By the fifteenth century, the vernal equinox fell in early April. The church feared that this delay jeopardized the sanctity of Easter (which was celebrated on the first Sunday after the first full moon following the vernal equinox). The Counter-Reformation papacy, eager to have its structures improved and reformed, called on intellectuals to come up with both an explanation about the Julian calendar's errors and a solution.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to or occurring in spring."
],
"links": [
[
"occur",
"occur"
],
[
"spring",
"spring#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "springlike, spring-like"
},
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "springly"
}
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 44, lines 1168–1171:",
"text": "When after the long vernal day of life, / Enamour'd more, as more remembrance ſwells / With many a proof of recollected love, / Together down they [the seasons] ſink in ſocial ſleep; [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1764, William Shenstone, “Elegy XIII. To a Friend, on Some Slight Occasion Estranged from Him.”, in The Works in Verse and Prose, of William Shenstone, Esq; Most of which Were Never before Printed. In Two Volumes. […], volume I, London: Printed for R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley […], →OCLC, stanza 2, page 45:",
"text": "Ah me! too ſwiftly fleets our vernal bloom! / Loſt to our wonted friendſhip, loſt to joy! / Soon may thy breaſt the cordial wiſh reſume, / Ere wintry doubt its tender warmth deſtroy.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1827, [John Keble], “The Circumcision of Christ”, in The Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year, volume I, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [B]y W. Baxter, for J. Parker; and C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], →OCLC, page 47:",
"text": "Art thou a child of tears, / Cradled in care and woe? / And seems it hard thy vernal years / Few vernal joys can shew?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having characteristics like spring; fresh, young, youthful."
],
"links": [
[
"characteristics",
"characteristic#Noun"
],
[
"fresh",
"fresh"
],
[
"young",
"young#Adjective"
],
[
"youthful",
"youthful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Having characteristics like spring; fresh, young, youthful."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"formal",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɜːn(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vernal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vernal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vernal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vernal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vernal.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɝnəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)nəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "vernall"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proleten",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "пролетен"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "lente-"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "voorjaars-"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "printempa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "keväinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "vernal"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "printanier"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gazapxulis",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "გაზაფხულის"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sagazapxulo",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "საგაზაფხულო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gazapxuluri",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "გაზაფხულური"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "Frühlings-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "frühlingshaft"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "aviví",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אֲבִיבִי"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "tavaszi"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "köktemdık",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "көктемдік"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "vernus"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bahâri",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "بهاری"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "wiosenny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "vernal"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vesénnij",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "весе́нний"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "vernal"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "primaveral"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "vårlig"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vesnjanýj",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "весняни́й"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "pertaining to or occurring in spring",
"word": "gwanwynol"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "svež",
"sense": "having characteristics like spring — see also fresh, youthful",
"word": "свеж"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "axalgazrda",
"sense": "having characteristics like spring — see also fresh, youthful",
"word": "ახალგაზრდა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "axali",
"sense": "having characteristics like spring — see also fresh, youthful",
"word": "ახალი"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "molodój",
"sense": "having characteristics like spring — see also fresh, youthful",
"word": "молодо́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "svéžij",
"sense": "having characteristics like spring — see also fresh, youthful",
"word": "све́жий"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kenchō-ji"
],
"word": "vernal"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vernal meaning in English (15.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.