See duchess in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "archduchess"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Duchess"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "duchessdom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "duchesshood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "duchesslike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "duchessly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "duchessness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "duchess potatoes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "duchessy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dutch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Dutchess County"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grand duchess"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "duchesse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English duchesse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "duchesse"
},
"expansion": "Old French duchesse",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English duchesse, from Old French duchesse.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duchesses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "duchess (plural duchesses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "duchesse lace"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "duchesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "duchesse potatoes"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 3 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 8 31",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "en:Nobility",
"parents": [
"High society",
"People",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 December 3, Caroline Davies, The Guardian:",
"text": "The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge have ended months of intense speculation by announcing they are expecting their first child, but were forced to share their news earlier than hoped because of the Duchess's admission to hospital on Monday.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The wife or widow of a duke."
],
"id": "en-duchess-en-noun-5HlX87rY",
"links": [
[
"wife",
"wife"
],
[
"widow",
"widow"
],
[
"duke",
"duke"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 60 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ess (female)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 60 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "en:Female people",
"parents": [
"Female",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The female ruler of a duchy."
],
"id": "en-duchess-en-noun-ZJVILO3x",
"links": [
[
"female",
"female"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"duchy",
"duchy"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "hertogin"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "dkʻsuhi",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "դքսուհի"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hercogínja",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "херцоги́ня"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dukésa",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дуке́са"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquessa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "女伯爵"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vévodkyně"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hertogin"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "herttuatar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duchesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquesa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Herzogin"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "doúkissa",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δούκισσα"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "duke wahine"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "hercegnő"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hertogaynja"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "adipati perempuan"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bandiúc"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hercogiene"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hercogė"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vojvotka",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "војвотка"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bendiuic"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "ḍaces",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "डचेस"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duchêsse"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "księżna"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquesa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gercogínja",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "герцоги́ня"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "knjagínja",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "княги́ня"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ban-diùc"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquesa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hertiginna"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dát-chés",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ดัชเชส"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "düşes"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "dük"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hidük"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jidük"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "duges"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʌt͡ʃɪs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʌt͡ʃəs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-duchess.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duchess.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duchess.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duchess.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duchess.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "dutchess"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "hertogin"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "dūqa",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دُوقَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "dkʻsuhi",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "դքսուհի"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "hersoginya"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hjercahínja",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "герцагі́ня"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "knjahínja",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "княгі́ня"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hercogínja",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "херцоги́ня"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dukésa",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дуке́са"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquessa"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōngjué fūrén",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "公爵夫人"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vévodkyně"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hertuginde"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hertogin"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "dukino"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "hertsoginna"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hertugafrú"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "herttuatar"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duchesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquesa"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Herzogin"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "doúkissa",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δούκισσα"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "duke wahine"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "hercegné"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hertogaynja"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "istri adipati"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bandiúc"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "duchessa"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"alt": "こうしゃくふじん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōshaku fujin",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "公爵夫人"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hercogiene"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hercogienė"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vojvotka",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "војвотка"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bendiuic"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "tutahe"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "ḍaces",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "डचेस"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duchêsse"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertuginne"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hertuginne"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquessa"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "dukessa",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "دوقسّه"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "dušes",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "دوشس"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "księżna"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquesa"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ducesă"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gercogínja",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "герцоги́ня"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "knjagínja",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "княги́ня"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ban-diùc"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "војвоткиња"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "vojvotkinja"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vojvodkyňa"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vojvodinja"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquesa"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hertiginna"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "dukesa"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dát-chés",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "ดัชเชส"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "düşes"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hercohýnja",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "герцоги́ня"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "knjahýnja",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "княги́ня"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "gersoginya"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "dük"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hidük"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jidük"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 46",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "duges"
}
],
"word": "duchess"
}
{
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{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "duchesse"
},
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"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "duchesse"
},
"expansion": "Old French duchesse",
"name": "der"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "duchesses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duchessing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "duchessed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "duchessed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
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},
{
"_dis": "4 1 95",
"kind": "other",
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"_dis": "22 4 74",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "9 3 88",
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{
"_dis": "7 2 91",
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},
{
"_dis": "5 2 93",
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},
{
"_dis": "19 5 77",
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"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 5 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 5 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 5 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 3 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 3 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 4 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 4 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 5 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 5 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 6 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 5 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 5 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 4 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 5 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 4 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 4 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 4 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 4 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 5 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 4 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 5 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 3 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1956, John Thomas Lang, I Remember, page 64:",
"text": "On arrival in England he was “duchessed” in a manner that no Australian Prime Minister has ever been “duchessed” before or since. Northcliffe was looking for someone around whom he could build a campaign against Asquith. Hughes filled the bill nicely.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Shane Maloney, The Brush-Off, published 2003, page 46:",
"text": "‘A word to the wise, Murray. Those wogs you′ve been duchessing at Ethnic Affairs have got nothing on the culture vultures. Tear the flesh right off your bones, they will.’",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Humphrey McQueen, A New Britannia, Fourth Edition, page 66:",
"text": "The traditional version of Hughes′ decision to introduce conscription gives central importance to his visit to London in April 1916 where it is alleged he was duchessed and deceived concerning recruitment figures.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Jacqueline Dickenson, Renegades and Rats: Betrayal and the Remaking of Radical Organisations in Britain and Australia, page 144:",
"text": "But by 1914 Grayson had, according to Groves, been thoroughly duchessed, believing that he could enjoy the good things in life and still serve the cause.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to court or curry favour for political or business advantage; to flatter obsequiously."
],
"id": "en-duchess-en-verb-i~DvxuRv",
"links": [
[
"court",
"court"
],
[
"curry favour",
"curry favour"
],
[
"flatter",
"flatter"
],
[
"obsequious",
"obsequious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia, informal) to court or curry favour for political or business advantage; to flatter obsequiously."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʌt͡ʃɪs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʌt͡ʃəs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-duchess.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duchess.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duchess.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "dutchess"
}
],
"word": "duchess"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English female equivalent nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewk-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ess (female)",
"English terms suffixed with -ess (wife)",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Breton translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Female people",
"en:Nobility"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "archduchess"
},
{
"word": "Duchess"
},
{
"word": "duchessdom"
},
{
"word": "duchesshood"
},
{
"word": "duchesslike"
},
{
"word": "duchessly"
},
{
"word": "duchessness"
},
{
"word": "duchess potatoes"
},
{
"word": "duchessy"
},
{
"word": "dutch"
},
{
"word": "Dutchess County"
},
{
"word": "grand duchess"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "duchesse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English duchesse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "duchesse"
},
"expansion": "Old French duchesse",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English duchesse, from Old French duchesse.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duchesses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "duchess (plural duchesses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "duchesse lace"
},
{
"word": "duchesse"
},
{
"word": "duchesse potatoes"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 December 3, Caroline Davies, The Guardian:",
"text": "The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge have ended months of intense speculation by announcing they are expecting their first child, but were forced to share their news earlier than hoped because of the Duchess's admission to hospital on Monday.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The wife or widow of a duke."
],
"links": [
[
"wife",
"wife"
],
[
"widow",
"widow"
],
[
"duke",
"duke"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The female ruler of a duchy."
],
"links": [
[
"female",
"female"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"duchy",
"duchy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʌt͡ʃɪs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʌt͡ʃəs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-duchess.wav",
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "dutchess"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "hertogin"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "dūqa",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دُوقَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "dkʻsuhi",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "դքսուհի"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "hersoginya"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hjercahínja",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "герцагі́ня"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "knjahínja",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "княгі́ня"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hercogínja",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "херцоги́ня"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dukésa",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дуке́са"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquessa"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōngjué fūrén",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "公爵夫人"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vévodkyně"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hertuginde"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hertogin"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "dukino"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "hertsoginna"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hertugafrú"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "herttuatar"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duchesse"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquesa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Herzogin"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "doúkissa",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δούκισσα"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "duke wahine"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "hercegné"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hertogaynja"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "istri adipati"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bandiúc"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "duchessa"
},
{
"alt": "こうしゃくふじん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōshaku fujin",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "公爵夫人"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hercogiene"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hercogienė"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vojvotka",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "војвотка"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bendiuic"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "tutahe"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "ḍaces",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "डचेस"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duchêsse"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "hertuginne"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hertuginne"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquessa"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "dukessa",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "دوقسّه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "dušes",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "دوشس"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "księżna"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquesa"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ducesă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gercogínja",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "герцоги́ня"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "knjagínja",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "княги́ня"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ban-diùc"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "војвоткиња"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "vojvotkinja"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vojvodkyňa"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vojvodinja"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquesa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hertiginna"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "dukesa"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dát-chés",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "ดัชเชส"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "düşes"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hercohýnja",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "герцоги́ня"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "knjahýnja",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "княги́ня"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "gersoginya"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "dük"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hidük"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jidük"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "female spouse or widow of a duke",
"word": "duges"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "hertogin"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "dkʻsuhi",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "դքսուհի"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hercogínja",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "херцоги́ня"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dukésa",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дуке́са"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquessa"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "女伯爵"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vévodkyně"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hertogin"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "herttuatar"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duchesse"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquesa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Herzogin"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "doúkissa",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δούκισσα"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "duke wahine"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "hercegnő"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hertogaynja"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "adipati perempuan"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bandiúc"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hercogiene"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hercogė"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vojvotka",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "војвотка"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bendiuic"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "ḍaces",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "डचेस"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duchêsse"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "księżna"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquesa"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gercogínja",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "герцоги́ня"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "knjagínja",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "княги́ня"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ban-diùc"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duquesa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hertiginna"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dát-chés",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "ดัชเชส"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "düşes"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "dük"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hidük"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jidük"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "female ruler of a duchy",
"word": "duges"
}
],
"word": "duchess"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English female equivalent nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewk-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ess (female)",
"English terms suffixed with -ess (wife)",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Breton translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Female people",
"en:Nobility"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "duchesse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English duchesse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "duchesse"
},
"expansion": "Old French duchesse",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English duchesse, from Old French duchesse.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duchesses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duchessing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "duchessed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "duchessed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "duchess (third-person singular simple present duchesses, present participle duchessing, simple past and past participle duchessed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1956, John Thomas Lang, I Remember, page 64:",
"text": "On arrival in England he was “duchessed” in a manner that no Australian Prime Minister has ever been “duchessed” before or since. Northcliffe was looking for someone around whom he could build a campaign against Asquith. Hughes filled the bill nicely.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Shane Maloney, The Brush-Off, published 2003, page 46:",
"text": "‘A word to the wise, Murray. Those wogs you′ve been duchessing at Ethnic Affairs have got nothing on the culture vultures. Tear the flesh right off your bones, they will.’",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Humphrey McQueen, A New Britannia, Fourth Edition, page 66:",
"text": "The traditional version of Hughes′ decision to introduce conscription gives central importance to his visit to London in April 1916 where it is alleged he was duchessed and deceived concerning recruitment figures.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Jacqueline Dickenson, Renegades and Rats: Betrayal and the Remaking of Radical Organisations in Britain and Australia, page 144:",
"text": "But by 1914 Grayson had, according to Groves, been thoroughly duchessed, believing that he could enjoy the good things in life and still serve the cause.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to court or curry favour for political or business advantage; to flatter obsequiously."
],
"links": [
[
"court",
"court"
],
[
"curry favour",
"curry favour"
],
[
"flatter",
"flatter"
],
[
"obsequious",
"obsequious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia, informal) to court or curry favour for political or business advantage; to flatter obsequiously."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʌt͡ʃɪs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʌt͡ʃəs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-duchess.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duchess.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duchess.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duchess.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-duchess.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "dutchess"
}
],
"word": "duchess"
}
Download raw JSONL data for duchess meaning in English (22.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.