See drowse in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "adrowse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bedrowse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "drowsed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "drowser"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "drowsing"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewHs-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "drowsy",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from drowsy",
"name": "back-formation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*drousen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *drousen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drūsan"
},
"expansion": "Old English drūsan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drūsijaną",
"t": "to look down; mourn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drūsijaną (“to look down; mourn”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewHs-",
"t": "to break off; to fall down"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewHs- (“to break off; to fall down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cognates"
},
"expansion": "cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "drøse",
"t": "to be negligent; to slow down"
},
"expansion": "Danish drøse (“to be negligent; to slow down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drozen",
"t": "to doze; muse"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drozen (“to doze; muse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trauern",
"t": "to mourn, be sad"
},
"expansion": "German trauern (“to mourn, be sad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽",
"t": "to fall; to fall down"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (driusan, “to fall; to fall down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "døse",
"t": "to drowse"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian døse (“to drowse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "drēosan",
"t": "to fall; to perish; to rush"
},
"expansion": "Old English drēosan (“to fall; to perish; to rush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dresen",
"t": "to fall down"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dresen (“to fall down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "drösa",
"t": "to be slow"
},
"expansion": "Swedish drösa (“to be slow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is either:\n* a back-formation from drowsy, which is attested earlier; or\n* possibly from Middle English *drousen (no known attestations), from Old English drūsan, drūsian (“to droop, sink; to become feeble, inactive, low, or slow, drowse”), from Proto-Germanic *drūsijaną (“to look down; mourn”) (possibly merged with *dreusaną (“to fall”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewHs- (“to break off; to fall down”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.\ncognates\n* Danish drøse (“to be negligent; to slow down”)\n* Dutch drozen (“to doze; muse”)\n* German trauern (“to mourn, be sad”)\n* Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (driusan, “to fall; to fall down”)\n* Norwegian døse (“to drowse”)\n* Old English drēosan (“to fall; to perish; to rush”) (whence Middle English dresen (“to fall down”))\n* Swedish drösa (“to be slow”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drowses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "glossary",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drowse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drowse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drowse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsedst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drowses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drowseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drowse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drowse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drowse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "drowse (third-person singular simple present drowses, present participle drowsing, simple past and past participle drowsed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "drowsihead"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "drowsihood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "drowsily"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "drowsiness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "drowsy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
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"ref": "1600, T[itus] Livius [i.e., Livy], “[Book XXXIX]”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Romane Historie […], London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, pages 1027–1028:",
"text": "Novv vvhen as vvine had drovvned and drouſed the underſtanding: vvhen the night ſeaſon, vvhen the entermingling of men and vvomen together one vvith another (and namely, they of young and tender yeeres, vvith thoſe of elder age) had cleane put out & extinguiſhed all reſpect and regard of ſhamefaſt honeſtie: there began firſt to be practiſed all ſorts of corruption, for every one had all pleaſures readie at commaundement, and his choiſe of thoſe vvhereto by nature he vvas more prone and given to luſt after.",
"type": "quote"
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"ref": "1614, [Guillaume de Salluste] Du Bartas, “Bethulia’s Rescue. The Wonder of Widowes: Honour of Wives: Mirrour of Maids. The Sixth Book.”, in Josuah Sylvester, transl., Du Bartas His Deuine Weekes and Workes […], London: […] Robert Young, published 1633, →OCLC, page 507, column 1:",
"text": "But novv the Fume of his aboundant Drink, / Drouzing his Brain, beginneth to deface / The ſvveet remembrance of her lovely Face: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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"english": "Redheap",
"ref": "1930, Norman Lindsay, chapter 1, in Every Mother’s Son [Redheap], New York, N.Y.: Cosmopolitan Book Corporation, →OCLC, section II, page 23:",
"text": "A few people were there, loitering away Sunday in their best clothes. The warmth drowsed them and replaced contentment.",
"translation": "Redheap",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (someone or something) heavy with drowsiness or sleepiness."
],
"id": "en-drowse-en-verb-en:make_drowsy",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy#Adjective"
],
[
"drowsiness",
"drowsiness"
],
[
"sleepiness",
"sleepiness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To make (someone or something) heavy with drowsiness or sleepiness."
],
"senseid": [
"en:make drowsy"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "56 7 29 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(transitive) to make (someone or something) heavy with drowsiness or sleepiness",
"word": "tehdä uneliaaksi"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 7 29 1 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "(transitive) to make (someone or something) heavy with drowsiness or sleepiness",
"word": "amodorrecer (desus.)"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 7 29 1 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "(transitive) to make (someone or something) heavy with drowsiness or sleepiness",
"word": "amodorrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 7 29 1 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "(transitive) to make (someone or something) heavy with drowsiness or sleepiness",
"word": "modorrar"
}
]
},
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"ref": "1873, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], Charles Dudley Warner, The Gilded Age: A Tale of To-day, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company, published 1874, →OCLC:",
"text": "[T]he wary tadpole returned from exile, the bullfrog resumed his ancient song, the tranquil turtle sunned his back upon bank and log and drowsed his grateful life away as in the old sweet days of yore.",
"type": "quote"
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{
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"ref": "1875, Robert Browning, “Part I”, in The Inn Album, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC, page 12:",
"text": "Why plague me who am pledged to home-delights? / I'm the engaged now: through whose fault but yours? / On duty. As you well know. Don't I drowse / The week away down with the Aunt and Niece? / No help: it's leisure, loneliness and love.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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"ref": "1941, John C[unyus] Hodges, “Trinity College and Smock Alley”, in William Congreve the Man: A Biography from New Sources (General Series; XI), New York, N.Y.: Modern Language Association of America; Kraus Reprint Corporation, published 1966, →OCLC, page 25:",
"text": "[William] Congreve held fast to the Greek poets, but otherwise seems to have drowsed his way through Trinity studies.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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33,
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"ref": "1983, Lawrence Durrell, “The Return Journey”, in Sebastian: Or Ruling Passions […] ([The Avignon Quintet; 4]), London; Boston, Mass.: Faber and Faber, →ISBN, page 155:",
"text": "They slept again, then woke, and drowsed their way slowly towards the late afternoon when the unexpected fever awoke in him—an onslaught so sudden that the symptoms for her seemed instantly recognisable as a rogue attack of malaria.",
"type": "quote"
},
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"ref": "2002, Marsha Ward, The Man from Shenandoah, Bloomington, Ind.: Writers Club Press, →ISBN, page 55:",
"text": "Ida had kept him awake while he drowsed his way up the old King's Trace in eastern Missouri, feverish and weak.",
"type": "quote"
},
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"ref": "2006, Sarah Mayberry, Cruise Control (Harlequin Blaze; 251), Toronto, Ont.: Harlequin, →ISBN:",
"text": "They were led into a large, attractive room with twin massage beds, and welcomed by their masseurs—in Balinese tradition, he had a male masseur, Anna a female. He drowsed his way through the first half hour of the treatment, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Followed by away: to pass (time) drowsily or in sleeping; also, to proceed (on a way) drowsily or sleepily."
],
"id": "en-drowse-en-verb-u8xYEEYj",
"links": [
[
"away",
"away#Adverb"
],
[
"pass",
"pass#Verb"
],
[
"time",
"time#Noun"
],
[
"drowsily",
"drowsily"
],
[
"sleeping",
"sleep#Verb"
],
[
"proceed",
"proceed"
],
[
"way",
"way#Noun"
],
[
"sleepily",
"sleepily"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"Followed by away: to pass (time) drowsily or in sleeping; also, to proceed (on a way) drowsily or sleepily."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 77 4 14 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(transitive) to pass (time) drowsily or in sleeping",
"word": "viettää puolinukuksissa"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 77 6 11 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(transitive) to proceed (on a way) drowsily or sleepily",
"word": "kulkea puolinukuksissa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"ref": "a. 1822 (date written), John Keats, “[Tragedies.] Otho the Great: A Tragedy in Five Acts.”, in [Horace Elisha Scudder], editor, The Complete Poetical Works and Letters of John Keats, Cambridge edition, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], published 1899, →OCLC, Act V, scene v, pages 190–191, lines 159–161:",
"text": "Then, father, I will lead your legions forth, / Compact in steeled squares, and speared files, / And bid our trumpets speak a fell rebuke / To nations drows'd in peace!",
"type": "quote"
},
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"ref": "1887 November 19, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, quotee, “Literature: Memorials of Coleorton: Being Letters from Coleridge, Wordsworth and His Sister, Southey, and Sir Walter Scott to Sir George and Lady Beaumont, 1803–1834. Edited by William Knight. 2 vols. (Edinburgh, Douglas.) [book review]”, in The Athenæum: Journal of English and Foreign Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music and the Drama, number 3134, London: […] John Francis …, →OCLC, page 668, column 3:",
"text": "In a letter, however, to Lady Beaumont [Margaret, wife of Sir George Beaumont, 7th Baronet] of March, 1826, there is a passage which it is interesting to compare with the 'Work without Hope' (\"All nature seems at work,\" &c.) composed just a year later. It is a prose version of those exquisite lines, with the addition of an acknowledgment that \"the spell that drowsed his soul\" was of his [Coleridge's] own conjuring.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (someone or something) dull or inactive, as if from sleepiness."
],
"id": "en-drowse-en-verb-QHW~-cpH",
"links": [
[
"dull",
"dull#Adjective"
],
[
"inactive",
"inactive#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figurative) To make (someone or something) dull or inactive, as if from sleepiness."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 4 38 6 40 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 4 41 5 39 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 3 36 9 36 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 4 39 6 39 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 4 41 5 39 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 4 42 5 39 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 55 0 45 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sleep",
"orig": "en:Sleep",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
211,
219
]
],
"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The History of Henrie the Fourth; […], quarto edition, London: […] P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], signature G.i., recto:",
"text": "He vvas […] Seene, but vvith ſuch eie / As ſicke and blunted vvith communitie, / Affoord no extraordinary gaze, / Such as is bent on ſu[n]-like maieſtie, / VVhen it ſhines ſeldome in admiring eies, / But rather drovvzed, and hung their eie-lids dovvn, / Slept in his face, and rendred ſuch aſpect / As cloudy men vſe to their aduerſaries / Being vvith his preſence glutted, gordge, and full.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
83,
90
]
],
"ref": "1666 May 27 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Samuel Pepys, Mynors Bright, transcriber, “May 17th, 1666”, in Henry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor, The Diary of Samuel Pepys […], volume V, London: George Bell & Sons […]; Cambridge: Deighton Bell & Co., published 1895, →OCLC, pages 293–294:",
"text": "[T]hen to my office again, where I could not hold my eyes open for an houre, but I drowsed (so little sensible I apprehend my soul is of necessity of minding business), but anon I wakened and minded my business, and did a great deale with very great pleasure, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
189,
195
]
],
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature [Oo4], verso, lines 127–131:",
"text": "[T]he Cohort bright / Of vvatchful Cherubim; four faces each / Had, like a double Janus, all thir ſhape / Spangl'd vvith eyes more numerous then thoſe / Of Argus, and more vvakeful then to drouze, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
141
]
],
"ref": "1872, Lucretius, “Book III”, in Charles Frederick Johnson, transl., On the Nature of Things. Translated into English Verse […], New York, N.Y.: De Witt C. Lent & Company, […]; London: Sampson Low, Son & Marston, →OCLC, pages 154–155:",
"text": "Yet you hold back, reluctant still to die, / Whose life itself is but a living death, / Who wearest out in sleep the most of life, / Drowsest awake, and ever dwellest in dreams, / Bearing a mind o'ercharged with idle fears, / Nor canst discern the true source of thy ills; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
10
]
],
"ref": "1917 May, Siegfried Sassoon, “The Death-Bed”, in The Old Huntsman and Other Poems, London: William Heinemann, published January 1918, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 94:",
"text": "He drowsed and was aware of silence heaped / Round him, unshaken as the steadfast walls; / Aqueous like floating rays of amber light, / Soaring and quivering in the wings of sleep,— […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Often followed by away or off: to be drowsy or sleepy; to be half-asleep."
],
"id": "en-drowse-en-verb-en:be_drowsy",
"links": [
[
"off",
"off#Adverb"
],
[
"drowsy",
"drowsy"
],
[
"sleepy",
"sleepy#Adjective"
],
[
"half-asleep",
"half-asleep"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"Often followed by away or off: to be drowsy or sleepy; to be half-asleep."
],
"senseid": [
"en:be drowsy"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 4 2 83 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(intransitive) to be drowsy or sleepy",
"word": "olla unelias"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 7 4 30 12 31 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
22
]
],
"ref": "1570, Thomas Tusser, “Comparing Good Husband with Vnthrift His Brother, the Better Descerneth the Tone from the Tother”, in A Hundrethe Good Pointes of Husbandrie, Lately Maried vnto a Hundrethe Good Points of Huswifry Newly Corrected and Amplified […], revised edition, London: […] [Henry Denham? for] Rychard Tottyl, published 1571, →OCLC, stanza 13, folio 22, verso:",
"text": "Ill huſbandry drowſeth at fortune ſo awke, / good huſbandry rowſeth him ſelfe like a hawke.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
38
]
],
"ref": "1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Part II”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 40:",
"text": "Let not your prudence, dearest, drowse, or prove / The Danaïd of a leaky vase, for fear / This whole foundation ruin, and I lose / My honour, these their lives.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
97,
105
]
],
"ref": "1863, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “Leamington Spa”, in Our Old Home: A Series of English Sketches, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 54:",
"text": "The Leam [a river in England]—the \"high complectioned Leam,\" as [Michael] Drayton calls it—after drowsing across the principal street of the town [Leamington Spa] beneath a handsome bridge, skirts along the margin of the Garden without any perceptible flow.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
130,
137
]
],
"ref": "1902 July 21, Jack London, “Moon-face”, in Moon-face and Other Stories, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., published September 1906, →OCLC, page 5:",
"text": "Under the aching noon-day glare, when the green things drooped and the birds withdrew to the depths of the forest, and all nature drowsed, his great \"Ha! ha!\" and \"Ho! ho!\" rose up to the sky and challenged the sun.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
56
]
],
"ref": "1921 May (date written), Thomas Hardy, “Meditations on a Holiday (a New Theme to an Old Folk-jingle)”, in Late Lyrics and Earlier with Many Other Verses, London: Macmillan and Co., […], published 1922, →OCLC, stanza 11, page 110:",
"text": "What!—our hoar old houses, / Where the past dead-drowses, / Nor a child or spouse is / Of our name at all?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
134,
141
]
],
"ref": "1973 July, Melville Bell Grosvenor, “Homeward with Ulysses”, in Melville Bell Grosvenor, editor, National Geographic, volume 144, number 1, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 29, column 2:",
"text": "Now summer was nearing its end as White Mist motored up Corfu's east coast. In August the cicadas chorused, and the dusty olive trees drowsed in the sun.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be dull or inactive, as if from sleepiness."
],
"id": "en-drowse-en-verb-et3sBHa~",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"(figurative) To be dull or inactive, as if from sleepiness."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 39 4 53",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(intransitive) to be dull or inactive, as if from sleepiness",
"word": "olla raukeana"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɹaʊz/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-drowse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drowse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drowse.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drowse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drowse.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊz"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "11 3 43 2 40",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(transitive) to make (someone or something) dull or inactive, as if from sleepiness",
"word": "tehdä raukeaksi"
}
],
"word": "drowse"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewHs-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "drowsy",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from drowsy",
"name": "back-formation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*drousen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *drousen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drūsan"
},
"expansion": "Old English drūsan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drūsijaną",
"t": "to look down; mourn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drūsijaną (“to look down; mourn”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewHs-",
"t": "to break off; to fall down"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewHs- (“to break off; to fall down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cognates"
},
"expansion": "cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "drøse",
"t": "to be negligent; to slow down"
},
"expansion": "Danish drøse (“to be negligent; to slow down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drozen",
"t": "to doze; muse"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drozen (“to doze; muse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trauern",
"t": "to mourn, be sad"
},
"expansion": "German trauern (“to mourn, be sad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽",
"t": "to fall; to fall down"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (driusan, “to fall; to fall down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "døse",
"t": "to drowse"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian døse (“to drowse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "drēosan",
"t": "to fall; to perish; to rush"
},
"expansion": "Old English drēosan (“to fall; to perish; to rush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dresen",
"t": "to fall down"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dresen (“to fall down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "drösa",
"t": "to be slow"
},
"expansion": "Swedish drösa (“to be slow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is either:\n* a back-formation from drowsy, which is attested earlier; or\n* possibly from Middle English *drousen (no known attestations), from Old English drūsan, drūsian (“to droop, sink; to become feeble, inactive, low, or slow, drowse”), from Proto-Germanic *drūsijaną (“to look down; mourn”) (possibly merged with *dreusaną (“to fall”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewHs- (“to break off; to fall down”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.\ncognates\n* Danish drøse (“to be negligent; to slow down”)\n* Dutch drozen (“to doze; muse”)\n* German trauern (“to mourn, be sad”)\n* Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (driusan, “to fall; to fall down”)\n* Norwegian døse (“to drowse”)\n* Old English drēosan (“to fall; to perish; to rush”) (whence Middle English dresen (“to fall down”))\n* Swedish drösa (“to be slow”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drowses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "drowse (plural drowses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"text": "in a drowse",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
158,
164
]
],
"ref": "1856, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, “Sixth Book”, in Aurora Leigh, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1857, →OCLC, page 250:",
"text": "He saw his mother's face, accepting it / In change for heaven itself, with such a smile / As might have been learnt there,—never moved, / But smiled on, in a drowse of ecstasy, / So happy (half with her and half with heaven) / He could not have the trouble to be stirred, / But smiled and lay there.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
99,
105
]
],
"ref": "1859, Alfred Tennyson, “Enid”, in Idylls of the King, London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, page 60:",
"text": "On a sudden, many a voice along the street, / And heel against the pavement echoing, burst / Their drowze; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy."
],
"id": "en-drowse-en-noun-LVJ4U9v1",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Noun"
],
[
"state",
"state#Noun"
],
[
"drowsy",
"drowsy"
],
[
"sleepy",
"sleepy#Adjective"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "drjamka",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"word": "дрямка"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"word": "raukeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"word": "uneliaisuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "somnolence"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dormiente"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "dremež",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дремеж"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "dremka",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дремка"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"word": "hāmoemoetanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "drjóma",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дрёма"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
211,
217
]
],
"ref": "1862, Coventry Patmore, “Felix Vaughan to Honoria Vaughan”, in [The Angel in the House]: The Victories of Love, book IV, Boston, Mass.: T. O. H. P. Burnham, →OCLC, pages 51–52:",
"text": "Here, in this latest August dawn, / By windows opening on the lawn, / Where shadows yet are sharp with night, / And sunshine seems asleep, though bright; / And, further on, the wealthy wheat / Bends in a golden drowse, how sweet / To sit, and cast my careless looks / Around my walls of well-read books, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A state of dullness or inactivity, as if from sleepiness."
],
"id": "en-drowse-en-noun-T2t3GPO0",
"links": [
[
"dullness",
"dullness"
],
[
"inactivity",
"inactivity"
],
[
"sleepiness",
"sleepiness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) A state of dullness or inactivity, as if from sleepiness."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "state of dullness or inactivity, as if from sleepiness",
"word": "raukeus"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɹaʊz/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-drowse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drowse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drowse.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drowse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drowse.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊz"
}
],
"word": "drowse"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewHs-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Ancient Greek translations",
"Requests for review of Azerbaijani translations",
"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations",
"Requests for review of Catalan translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Greek translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Macedonian translations",
"Requests for review of Maori translations",
"Requests for review of Russian translations",
"Rhymes:English/aʊz",
"Rhymes:English/aʊz/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Sleep"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "adrowse"
},
{
"word": "bedrowse"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "drowsed"
},
{
"word": "drowser"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "drowsing"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewHs-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "drowsy",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from drowsy",
"name": "back-formation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*drousen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *drousen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drūsan"
},
"expansion": "Old English drūsan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drūsijaną",
"t": "to look down; mourn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drūsijaną (“to look down; mourn”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewHs-",
"t": "to break off; to fall down"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewHs- (“to break off; to fall down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cognates"
},
"expansion": "cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "drøse",
"t": "to be negligent; to slow down"
},
"expansion": "Danish drøse (“to be negligent; to slow down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drozen",
"t": "to doze; muse"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drozen (“to doze; muse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trauern",
"t": "to mourn, be sad"
},
"expansion": "German trauern (“to mourn, be sad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽",
"t": "to fall; to fall down"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (driusan, “to fall; to fall down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "døse",
"t": "to drowse"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian døse (“to drowse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "drēosan",
"t": "to fall; to perish; to rush"
},
"expansion": "Old English drēosan (“to fall; to perish; to rush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dresen",
"t": "to fall down"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dresen (“to fall down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "drösa",
"t": "to be slow"
},
"expansion": "Swedish drösa (“to be slow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is either:\n* a back-formation from drowsy, which is attested earlier; or\n* possibly from Middle English *drousen (no known attestations), from Old English drūsan, drūsian (“to droop, sink; to become feeble, inactive, low, or slow, drowse”), from Proto-Germanic *drūsijaną (“to look down; mourn”) (possibly merged with *dreusaną (“to fall”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewHs- (“to break off; to fall down”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.\ncognates\n* Danish drøse (“to be negligent; to slow down”)\n* Dutch drozen (“to doze; muse”)\n* German trauern (“to mourn, be sad”)\n* Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (driusan, “to fall; to fall down”)\n* Norwegian døse (“to drowse”)\n* Old English drēosan (“to fall; to perish; to rush”) (whence Middle English dresen (“to fall down”))\n* Swedish drösa (“to be slow”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drowses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "glossary",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drowse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drowse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drowse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsedst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drowses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drowseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drowse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drowse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drowse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drowsed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "drowse (third-person singular simple present drowses, present participle drowsing, simple past and past participle drowsed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "drowsihead"
},
{
"word": "drowsihood"
},
{
"word": "drowsily"
},
{
"word": "drowsiness"
},
{
"word": "drowsy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
44
]
],
"ref": "1600, T[itus] Livius [i.e., Livy], “[Book XXXIX]”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Romane Historie […], London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, pages 1027–1028:",
"text": "Novv vvhen as vvine had drovvned and drouſed the underſtanding: vvhen the night ſeaſon, vvhen the entermingling of men and vvomen together one vvith another (and namely, they of young and tender yeeres, vvith thoſe of elder age) had cleane put out & extinguiſhed all reſpect and regard of ſhamefaſt honeſtie: there began firſt to be practiſed all ſorts of corruption, for every one had all pleaſures readie at commaundement, and his choiſe of thoſe vvhereto by nature he vvas more prone and given to luſt after.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
44,
52
]
],
"ref": "1614, [Guillaume de Salluste] Du Bartas, “Bethulia’s Rescue. The Wonder of Widowes: Honour of Wives: Mirrour of Maids. The Sixth Book.”, in Josuah Sylvester, transl., Du Bartas His Deuine Weekes and Workes […], London: […] Robert Young, published 1633, →OCLC, page 507, column 1:",
"text": "But novv the Fume of his aboundant Drink, / Drouzing his Brain, beginneth to deface / The ſvveet remembrance of her lovely Face: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
81,
88
]
],
"english": "Redheap",
"ref": "1930, Norman Lindsay, chapter 1, in Every Mother’s Son [Redheap], New York, N.Y.: Cosmopolitan Book Corporation, →OCLC, section II, page 23:",
"text": "A few people were there, loitering away Sunday in their best clothes. The warmth drowsed them and replaced contentment.",
"translation": "Redheap",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (someone or something) heavy with drowsiness or sleepiness."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy#Adjective"
],
[
"drowsiness",
"drowsiness"
],
[
"sleepiness",
"sleepiness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To make (someone or something) heavy with drowsiness or sleepiness."
],
"senseid": [
"en:make drowsy"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
137,
144
]
],
"ref": "1873, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], Charles Dudley Warner, The Gilded Age: A Tale of To-day, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company, published 1874, →OCLC:",
"text": "[T]he wary tadpole returned from exile, the bullfrog resumed his ancient song, the tranquil turtle sunned his back upon bank and log and drowsed his grateful life away as in the old sweet days of yore.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
138,
144
]
],
"ref": "1875, Robert Browning, “Part I”, in The Inn Album, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC, page 12:",
"text": "Why plague me who am pledged to home-delights? / I'm the engaged now: through whose fault but yours? / On duty. As you well know. Don't I drowse / The week away down with the Aunt and Niece? / No help: it's leisure, loneliness and love.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
77,
84
]
],
"ref": "1941, John C[unyus] Hodges, “Trinity College and Smock Alley”, in William Congreve the Man: A Biography from New Sources (General Series; XI), New York, N.Y.: Modern Language Association of America; Kraus Reprint Corporation, published 1966, →OCLC, page 25:",
"text": "[William] Congreve held fast to the Greek poets, but otherwise seems to have drowsed his way through Trinity studies.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
33,
40
]
],
"ref": "1983, Lawrence Durrell, “The Return Journey”, in Sebastian: Or Ruling Passions […] ([The Avignon Quintet; 4]), London; Boston, Mass.: Faber and Faber, →ISBN, page 155:",
"text": "They slept again, then woke, and drowsed their way slowly towards the late afternoon when the unexpected fever awoke in him—an onslaught so sudden that the symptoms for her seemed instantly recognisable as a rogue attack of malaria.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
39
]
],
"ref": "2002, Marsha Ward, The Man from Shenandoah, Bloomington, Ind.: Writers Club Press, →ISBN, page 55:",
"text": "Ida had kept him awake while he drowsed his way up the old King's Trace in eastern Missouri, feverish and weak.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
163,
170
]
],
"ref": "2006, Sarah Mayberry, Cruise Control (Harlequin Blaze; 251), Toronto, Ont.: Harlequin, →ISBN:",
"text": "They were led into a large, attractive room with twin massage beds, and welcomed by their masseurs—in Balinese tradition, he had a male masseur, Anna a female. He drowsed his way through the first half hour of the treatment, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Followed by away: to pass (time) drowsily or in sleeping; also, to proceed (on a way) drowsily or sleepily."
],
"links": [
[
"away",
"away#Adverb"
],
[
"pass",
"pass#Verb"
],
[
"time",
"time#Noun"
],
[
"drowsily",
"drowsily"
],
[
"sleeping",
"sleep#Verb"
],
[
"proceed",
"proceed"
],
[
"way",
"way#Noun"
],
[
"sleepily",
"sleepily"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"Followed by away: to pass (time) drowsily or in sleeping; also, to proceed (on a way) drowsily or sleepily."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
151,
158
]
],
"ref": "a. 1822 (date written), John Keats, “[Tragedies.] Otho the Great: A Tragedy in Five Acts.”, in [Horace Elisha Scudder], editor, The Complete Poetical Works and Letters of John Keats, Cambridge edition, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], published 1899, →OCLC, Act V, scene v, pages 190–191, lines 159–161:",
"text": "Then, father, I will lead your legions forth, / Compact in steeled squares, and speared files, / And bid our trumpets speak a fell rebuke / To nations drows'd in peace!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
361,
368
]
],
"ref": "1887 November 19, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, quotee, “Literature: Memorials of Coleorton: Being Letters from Coleridge, Wordsworth and His Sister, Southey, and Sir Walter Scott to Sir George and Lady Beaumont, 1803–1834. Edited by William Knight. 2 vols. (Edinburgh, Douglas.) [book review]”, in The Athenæum: Journal of English and Foreign Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music and the Drama, number 3134, London: […] John Francis …, →OCLC, page 668, column 3:",
"text": "In a letter, however, to Lady Beaumont [Margaret, wife of Sir George Beaumont, 7th Baronet] of March, 1826, there is a passage which it is interesting to compare with the 'Work without Hope' (\"All nature seems at work,\" &c.) composed just a year later. It is a prose version of those exquisite lines, with the addition of an acknowledgment that \"the spell that drowsed his soul\" was of his [Coleridge's] own conjuring.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (someone or something) dull or inactive, as if from sleepiness."
],
"links": [
[
"dull",
"dull#Adjective"
],
[
"inactive",
"inactive#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(figurative) To make (someone or something) dull or inactive, as if from sleepiness."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
211,
219
]
],
"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The History of Henrie the Fourth; […], quarto edition, London: […] P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], signature G.i., recto:",
"text": "He vvas […] Seene, but vvith ſuch eie / As ſicke and blunted vvith communitie, / Affoord no extraordinary gaze, / Such as is bent on ſu[n]-like maieſtie, / VVhen it ſhines ſeldome in admiring eies, / But rather drovvzed, and hung their eie-lids dovvn, / Slept in his face, and rendred ſuch aſpect / As cloudy men vſe to their aduerſaries / Being vvith his preſence glutted, gordge, and full.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
83,
90
]
],
"ref": "1666 May 27 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Samuel Pepys, Mynors Bright, transcriber, “May 17th, 1666”, in Henry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor, The Diary of Samuel Pepys […], volume V, London: George Bell & Sons […]; Cambridge: Deighton Bell & Co., published 1895, →OCLC, pages 293–294:",
"text": "[T]hen to my office again, where I could not hold my eyes open for an houre, but I drowsed (so little sensible I apprehend my soul is of necessity of minding business), but anon I wakened and minded my business, and did a great deale with very great pleasure, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
189,
195
]
],
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature [Oo4], verso, lines 127–131:",
"text": "[T]he Cohort bright / Of vvatchful Cherubim; four faces each / Had, like a double Janus, all thir ſhape / Spangl'd vvith eyes more numerous then thoſe / Of Argus, and more vvakeful then to drouze, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
141
]
],
"ref": "1872, Lucretius, “Book III”, in Charles Frederick Johnson, transl., On the Nature of Things. Translated into English Verse […], New York, N.Y.: De Witt C. Lent & Company, […]; London: Sampson Low, Son & Marston, →OCLC, pages 154–155:",
"text": "Yet you hold back, reluctant still to die, / Whose life itself is but a living death, / Who wearest out in sleep the most of life, / Drowsest awake, and ever dwellest in dreams, / Bearing a mind o'ercharged with idle fears, / Nor canst discern the true source of thy ills; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
10
]
],
"ref": "1917 May, Siegfried Sassoon, “The Death-Bed”, in The Old Huntsman and Other Poems, London: William Heinemann, published January 1918, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 94:",
"text": "He drowsed and was aware of silence heaped / Round him, unshaken as the steadfast walls; / Aqueous like floating rays of amber light, / Soaring and quivering in the wings of sleep,— […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Often followed by away or off: to be drowsy or sleepy; to be half-asleep."
],
"links": [
[
"off",
"off#Adverb"
],
[
"drowsy",
"drowsy"
],
[
"sleepy",
"sleepy#Adjective"
],
[
"half-asleep",
"half-asleep"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"Often followed by away or off: to be drowsy or sleepy; to be half-asleep."
],
"senseid": [
"en:be drowsy"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
22
]
],
"ref": "1570, Thomas Tusser, “Comparing Good Husband with Vnthrift His Brother, the Better Descerneth the Tone from the Tother”, in A Hundrethe Good Pointes of Husbandrie, Lately Maried vnto a Hundrethe Good Points of Huswifry Newly Corrected and Amplified […], revised edition, London: […] [Henry Denham? for] Rychard Tottyl, published 1571, →OCLC, stanza 13, folio 22, verso:",
"text": "Ill huſbandry drowſeth at fortune ſo awke, / good huſbandry rowſeth him ſelfe like a hawke.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
38
]
],
"ref": "1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Part II”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 40:",
"text": "Let not your prudence, dearest, drowse, or prove / The Danaïd of a leaky vase, for fear / This whole foundation ruin, and I lose / My honour, these their lives.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
97,
105
]
],
"ref": "1863, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “Leamington Spa”, in Our Old Home: A Series of English Sketches, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 54:",
"text": "The Leam [a river in England]—the \"high complectioned Leam,\" as [Michael] Drayton calls it—after drowsing across the principal street of the town [Leamington Spa] beneath a handsome bridge, skirts along the margin of the Garden without any perceptible flow.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
130,
137
]
],
"ref": "1902 July 21, Jack London, “Moon-face”, in Moon-face and Other Stories, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., published September 1906, →OCLC, page 5:",
"text": "Under the aching noon-day glare, when the green things drooped and the birds withdrew to the depths of the forest, and all nature drowsed, his great \"Ha! ha!\" and \"Ho! ho!\" rose up to the sky and challenged the sun.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
56
]
],
"ref": "1921 May (date written), Thomas Hardy, “Meditations on a Holiday (a New Theme to an Old Folk-jingle)”, in Late Lyrics and Earlier with Many Other Verses, London: Macmillan and Co., […], published 1922, →OCLC, stanza 11, page 110:",
"text": "What!—our hoar old houses, / Where the past dead-drowses, / Nor a child or spouse is / Of our name at all?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
134,
141
]
],
"ref": "1973 July, Melville Bell Grosvenor, “Homeward with Ulysses”, in Melville Bell Grosvenor, editor, National Geographic, volume 144, number 1, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 29, column 2:",
"text": "Now summer was nearing its end as White Mist motored up Corfu's east coast. In August the cicadas chorused, and the dusty olive trees drowsed in the sun.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be dull or inactive, as if from sleepiness."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"(figurative) To be dull or inactive, as if from sleepiness."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɹaʊz/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-drowse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drowse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drowse.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drowse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drowse.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊz"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(transitive) to make (someone or something) heavy with drowsiness or sleepiness",
"word": "tehdä uneliaaksi"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "(transitive) to make (someone or something) heavy with drowsiness or sleepiness",
"word": "amodorrecer (desus.)"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "(transitive) to make (someone or something) heavy with drowsiness or sleepiness",
"word": "amodorrar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "(transitive) to make (someone or something) heavy with drowsiness or sleepiness",
"word": "modorrar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(transitive) to pass (time) drowsily or in sleeping",
"word": "viettää puolinukuksissa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(transitive) to proceed (on a way) drowsily or sleepily",
"word": "kulkea puolinukuksissa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(transitive) to make (someone or something) dull or inactive, as if from sleepiness",
"word": "tehdä raukeaksi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(intransitive) to be drowsy or sleepy",
"word": "olla unelias"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(intransitive) to be dull or inactive, as if from sleepiness",
"word": "olla raukeana"
}
],
"word": "drowse"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewHs-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Ancient Greek translations",
"Requests for review of Azerbaijani translations",
"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations",
"Requests for review of Catalan translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Greek translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Macedonian translations",
"Requests for review of Maori translations",
"Requests for review of Russian translations",
"Rhymes:English/aʊz",
"Rhymes:English/aʊz/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Sleep"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewHs-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "drowsy",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from drowsy",
"name": "back-formation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*drousen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *drousen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drūsan"
},
"expansion": "Old English drūsan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drūsijaną",
"t": "to look down; mourn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drūsijaną (“to look down; mourn”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewHs-",
"t": "to break off; to fall down"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewHs- (“to break off; to fall down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cognates"
},
"expansion": "cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "drøse",
"t": "to be negligent; to slow down"
},
"expansion": "Danish drøse (“to be negligent; to slow down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drozen",
"t": "to doze; muse"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drozen (“to doze; muse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trauern",
"t": "to mourn, be sad"
},
"expansion": "German trauern (“to mourn, be sad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽",
"t": "to fall; to fall down"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (driusan, “to fall; to fall down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "døse",
"t": "to drowse"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian døse (“to drowse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "drēosan",
"t": "to fall; to perish; to rush"
},
"expansion": "Old English drēosan (“to fall; to perish; to rush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dresen",
"t": "to fall down"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dresen (“to fall down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "drösa",
"t": "to be slow"
},
"expansion": "Swedish drösa (“to be slow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is either:\n* a back-formation from drowsy, which is attested earlier; or\n* possibly from Middle English *drousen (no known attestations), from Old English drūsan, drūsian (“to droop, sink; to become feeble, inactive, low, or slow, drowse”), from Proto-Germanic *drūsijaną (“to look down; mourn”) (possibly merged with *dreusaną (“to fall”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewHs- (“to break off; to fall down”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.\ncognates\n* Danish drøse (“to be negligent; to slow down”)\n* Dutch drozen (“to doze; muse”)\n* German trauern (“to mourn, be sad”)\n* Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (driusan, “to fall; to fall down”)\n* Norwegian døse (“to drowse”)\n* Old English drēosan (“to fall; to perish; to rush”) (whence Middle English dresen (“to fall down”))\n* Swedish drösa (“to be slow”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drowses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "drowse (plural drowses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"text": "in a drowse",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
158,
164
]
],
"ref": "1856, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, “Sixth Book”, in Aurora Leigh, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1857, →OCLC, page 250:",
"text": "He saw his mother's face, accepting it / In change for heaven itself, with such a smile / As might have been learnt there,—never moved, / But smiled on, in a drowse of ecstasy, / So happy (half with her and half with heaven) / He could not have the trouble to be stirred, / But smiled and lay there.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
99,
105
]
],
"ref": "1859, Alfred Tennyson, “Enid”, in Idylls of the King, London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, page 60:",
"text": "On a sudden, many a voice along the street, / And heel against the pavement echoing, burst / Their drowze; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy."
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Noun"
],
[
"state",
"state#Noun"
],
[
"drowsy",
"drowsy"
],
[
"sleepy",
"sleepy#Adjective"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
211,
217
]
],
"ref": "1862, Coventry Patmore, “Felix Vaughan to Honoria Vaughan”, in [The Angel in the House]: The Victories of Love, book IV, Boston, Mass.: T. O. H. P. Burnham, →OCLC, pages 51–52:",
"text": "Here, in this latest August dawn, / By windows opening on the lawn, / Where shadows yet are sharp with night, / And sunshine seems asleep, though bright; / And, further on, the wealthy wheat / Bends in a golden drowse, how sweet / To sit, and cast my careless looks / Around my walls of well-read books, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A state of dullness or inactivity, as if from sleepiness."
],
"links": [
[
"dullness",
"dullness"
],
[
"inactivity",
"inactivity"
],
[
"sleepiness",
"sleepiness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) A state of dullness or inactivity, as if from sleepiness."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɹaʊz/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-drowse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drowse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drowse.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drowse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-drowse.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊz"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "drjamka",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"word": "дрямка"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"word": "raukeus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"word": "uneliaisuus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "somnolence"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dormiente"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "dremež",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дремеж"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "dremka",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дремка"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"word": "hāmoemoetanga"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "drjóma",
"sense": "act, or a state, of being drowsy or sleepy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дрёма"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "state of dullness or inactivity, as if from sleepiness",
"word": "raukeus"
}
],
"word": "drowse"
}
Download raw JSONL data for drowse meaning in English (30.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.