"draconian" meaning in English

See draconian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /dɹəˈkəʊ.ni.ən/ [UK], /dɹækˈəʊ.ni.ən/ [UK], /dɹeɪˈkoʊ.ni.ən/ [US], /dɹəˈkoʊ.ni.ən/ [US] Audio: en-us-draconian+.ogg [US], en-us-draconian.ogg [US] Forms: more draconian [comparative], most draconian [superlative]
enPR: drā-kō'ni-ən, drə- Rhymes: -əʊniən Etymology: From the Athenian lawmaker Draco, from Latin Dracō, from Ancient Greek Δράκων (Drákōn), known for making harsh laws. See δράκων (drákōn, “dragon”). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|la|Dracō}} Latin Dracō, {{bor|en|grc|Δράκων}} Ancient Greek Δράκων (Drákōn), {{m|grc|δράκων||dragon}} δράκων (drákōn, “dragon”) Head templates: {{en-adj}} draconian (comparative more draconian, superlative most draconian)
  1. Very severe, cruel, or harsh. Synonyms: Orwellian, rigid, strict, stringent, rigorous, Draconian Translations (severe, oppressive or strict): drakonies (Afrikaans), شَدِيد الْقُسْوَة (šadīd al-quswa) (Arabic), դրակոնյան (drakonyan) (Armenian), драконовски (drakonovski) (Bulgarian), draconià (Catalan), 嚴苛的 (Chinese Mandarin), 严苛的 (Chinese Mandarin), drakonický (Czech), draconisch (Dutch), drakona (Esperanto), erittäin ankara (Finnish), drakoninen (Finnish), draconien (French), draconiano (Galician), drakonisch (German), drastisch (German), entschieden (German), δρακόντειος (drakónteios) (Greek), drákói (Hungarian), drakonala (Ido), danartha (Irish), draconiano (Italian), 엄격(嚴格)하다 (eomgyeokhada) (Korean), драконски (drakonski) [masculine] (Macedonian), drakoński (Polish), draconiano (Portuguese), драко́новский (drakónovskij) (Russian), draconiano (Spanish), drakonisk (Swedish), драко́нівський (drakónivsʹkyj) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-draconian-en-adj-sVMPzOAP Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 58 42 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 78 22
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Adjective

IPA: /dɹəˈkəʊ.ni.ən/ [UK], /dɹækˈəʊ.ni.ən/ [UK], /dɹeɪˈkoʊ.ni.ən/ [US], /dɹəˈkoʊ.ni.ən/ [US] Audio: en-us-draconian+.ogg [US], en-us-draconian.ogg [US] Forms: more draconian [comparative], most draconian [superlative]
enPR: drā-kō'ni-ən, drə- Rhymes: -əʊniən Etymology: From Latin dracō (“dragon”). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|la|dracō||dragon}} Latin dracō (“dragon”) Head templates: {{en-adj}} draconian (comparative more draconian, superlative most draconian)
  1. (obsolete, except in fiction) Of or resembling a dragon. Tags: obsolete Categories (topical): Criminal law, Dragons, Law Synonyms (resembling a dragon): draconic, draconine, dragonish, dragonlike, dragony Translations (of or resembling a dragon): lohikäärmemäinen (Finnish), drakala (Ido), змејски (zmejski) [masculine] (Macedonian), драко́ний (drakónij) (Russian), драко́новский (drakónovskij) (Russian)
    Sense id: en-draconian-en-adj-wwlq3KQy Disambiguation of Criminal law: 16 84 Disambiguation of Dragons: 23 77 Disambiguation of Law: 15 85
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for draconian meaning in English (10.4kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "Dracō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin Dracō",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "Δράκων"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek Δράκων (Drákōn)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "δράκων",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dragon"
      },
      "expansion": "δράκων (drákōn, “dragon”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the Athenian lawmaker Draco, from Latin Dracō, from Ancient Greek Δράκων (Drákōn), known for making harsh laws. See δράκων (drákōn, “dragon”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more draconian",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most draconian",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "draconian (comparative more draconian, superlative most draconian)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "58 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "78 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The Soviet regime was draconian."
        },
        {
          "text": "The mayor announced draconian budget cuts today."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Stuart Macintyre, A Concise History of Australia, page 125",
          "text": "The conflict in the countryside resulted in a far more draconian punishment. The Southern Cross flag flew over the camps of striking shearers, who in revenge for their victimisation burned grass, fences, buildings and even riverboats[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020 April 8, Howard Johnston, “East-ended? When the ECML was at risk”, in Rail, page 65",
          "text": "Perhaps lessons had already been learned from the Draconian infrastructure cuts on the Waterloo-Exeter route.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2023 May 8, Jonathan Head, “Thailand election: The young radicals shaking up politics”, in BBC News (World)",
          "text": "And that movement, while it was eventually crushed through the extensive use of the draconian lese majeste law, shattered the taboo, by calling openly, for the first time, for the powers and financing of the monarchy to be accountable.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Very severe, cruel, or harsh."
      ],
      "id": "en-draconian-en-adj-sVMPzOAP",
      "links": [
        [
          "Very",
          "very"
        ],
        [
          "severe",
          "severe"
        ],
        [
          "cruel",
          "cruel"
        ],
        [
          "harsh",
          "harsh"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Orwellian"
        },
        {
          "word": "rigid"
        },
        {
          "word": "strict"
        },
        {
          "word": "stringent"
        },
        {
          "word": "rigorous"
        },
        {
          "word": "Draconian"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "drakonies"
        },
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "šadīd al-quswa",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "شَدِيد الْقُسْوَة"
        },
        {
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "drakonyan",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "դրակոնյան"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "drakonovski",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "драконовски"
        },
        {
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "draconià"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "嚴苛的"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "严苛的"
        },
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "drakonický"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "draconisch"
        },
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "drakona"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "erittäin ankara"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "drakoninen"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "draconien"
        },
        {
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "draconiano"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "drakonisch"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "drastisch"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "entschieden"
        },
        {
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "drakónteios",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "δρακόντειος"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "drákói"
        },
        {
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "drakonala"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "danartha"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "draconiano"
        },
        {
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "eomgyeokhada",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "엄격(嚴格)하다"
        },
        {
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "drakonski",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "драконски"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "drakoński"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "draconiano"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "drakónovskij",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "драко́новский"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "draconiano"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "drakonisk"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "drakónivsʹkyj",
          "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
          "word": "драко́нівський"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹəˈkəʊ.ni.ən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹækˈəʊ.ni.ən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹeɪˈkoʊ.ni.ən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹəˈkoʊ.ni.ən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊniən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-draconian+.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/En-us-draconian%2B.ogg/En-us-draconian%2B.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/En-us-draconian%2B.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-draconian.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/En-us-draconian.ogg/En-us-draconian.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/En-us-draconian.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "drā-kō'ni-ən, drə-"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Draco (lawgiver)"
  ],
  "word": "draconian"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "dracō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dragon"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin dracō (“dragon”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin dracō (“dragon”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more draconian",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most draconian",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "draconian (comparative more draconian, superlative most draconian)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Criminal law",
          "orig": "en:Criminal law",
          "parents": [
            "Law",
            "Justice",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 77",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Dragons",
          "orig": "en:Dragons",
          "parents": [
            "Mythological creatures",
            "Fantasy",
            "Mythology",
            "Fiction",
            "Speculative fiction",
            "Culture",
            "Artistic works",
            "Genres",
            "Society",
            "Art",
            "Entertainment",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 85",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "en:Law",
          "parents": [
            "Justice",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2006, Steven Erikson, Deadhouse Gates, Book Two, page 384",
          "text": "The dragon came low to the earth. It defied every image of a draconian being Kulp had ever seen.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Jacob Silvia, Qhoenix, page 73",
          "text": "A large sandwyrm (which isn't to be confused with a sandworm) popped its draconian head from the earth.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or resembling a dragon."
      ],
      "id": "en-draconian-en-adj-wwlq3KQy",
      "links": [
        [
          "dragon",
          "dragon"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "except in fiction",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, except in fiction) Of or resembling a dragon."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "sense": "resembling a dragon",
          "word": "draconic"
        },
        {
          "sense": "resembling a dragon",
          "word": "draconine"
        },
        {
          "sense": "resembling a dragon",
          "word": "dragonish"
        },
        {
          "sense": "resembling a dragon",
          "word": "dragonlike"
        },
        {
          "sense": "resembling a dragon",
          "word": "dragony"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
          "word": "lohikäärmemäinen"
        },
        {
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
          "word": "drakala"
        },
        {
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "zmejski",
          "sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "змејски"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "drakónij",
          "sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
          "word": "драко́ний"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "drakónovskij",
          "sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
          "word": "драко́новский"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹəˈkəʊ.ni.ən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹækˈəʊ.ni.ən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹeɪˈkoʊ.ni.ən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹəˈkoʊ.ni.ən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊniən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-draconian+.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/En-us-draconian%2B.ogg/En-us-draconian%2B.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/En-us-draconian%2B.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-draconian.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/En-us-draconian.ogg/En-us-draconian.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/En-us-draconian.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "drā-kō'ni-ən, drə-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "draconian"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English eponyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊniən",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊniən/4 syllables",
    "en:Criminal law",
    "en:Dragons",
    "en:Law"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "Dracō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin Dracō",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "Δράκων"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek Δράκων (Drákōn)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "δράκων",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dragon"
      },
      "expansion": "δράκων (drákōn, “dragon”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the Athenian lawmaker Draco, from Latin Dracō, from Ancient Greek Δράκων (Drákōn), known for making harsh laws. See δράκων (drákōn, “dragon”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more draconian",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most draconian",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "draconian (comparative more draconian, superlative most draconian)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The Soviet regime was draconian."
        },
        {
          "text": "The mayor announced draconian budget cuts today."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Stuart Macintyre, A Concise History of Australia, page 125",
          "text": "The conflict in the countryside resulted in a far more draconian punishment. The Southern Cross flag flew over the camps of striking shearers, who in revenge for their victimisation burned grass, fences, buildings and even riverboats[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020 April 8, Howard Johnston, “East-ended? When the ECML was at risk”, in Rail, page 65",
          "text": "Perhaps lessons had already been learned from the Draconian infrastructure cuts on the Waterloo-Exeter route.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2023 May 8, Jonathan Head, “Thailand election: The young radicals shaking up politics”, in BBC News (World)",
          "text": "And that movement, while it was eventually crushed through the extensive use of the draconian lese majeste law, shattered the taboo, by calling openly, for the first time, for the powers and financing of the monarchy to be accountable.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Very severe, cruel, or harsh."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Very",
          "very"
        ],
        [
          "severe",
          "severe"
        ],
        [
          "cruel",
          "cruel"
        ],
        [
          "harsh",
          "harsh"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Orwellian"
        },
        {
          "word": "rigid"
        },
        {
          "word": "strict"
        },
        {
          "word": "stringent"
        },
        {
          "word": "rigorous"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹəˈkəʊ.ni.ən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹækˈəʊ.ni.ən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹeɪˈkoʊ.ni.ən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹəˈkoʊ.ni.ən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊniən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-draconian+.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/En-us-draconian%2B.ogg/En-us-draconian%2B.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/En-us-draconian%2B.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-draconian.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/En-us-draconian.ogg/En-us-draconian.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/En-us-draconian.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "drā-kō'ni-ən, drə-"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "Draconian"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "drakonies"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "šadīd al-quswa",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "شَدِيد الْقُسْوَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "drakonyan",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "դրակոնյան"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "drakonovski",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "драконовски"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "draconià"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "嚴苛的"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "严苛的"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "drakonický"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "draconisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "drakona"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "erittäin ankara"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "drakoninen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "draconien"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "draconiano"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "drakonisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "drastisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "entschieden"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "drakónteios",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "δρακόντειος"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "drákói"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "drakonala"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "danartha"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "draconiano"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "eomgyeokhada",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "엄격(嚴格)하다"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "drakonski",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "драконски"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "drakoński"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "draconiano"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "drakónovskij",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "драко́новский"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "draconiano"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "drakonisk"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "drakónivsʹkyj",
      "sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
      "word": "драко́нівський"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Draco (lawgiver)"
  ],
  "word": "draconian"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English eponyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊniən",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊniən/4 syllables",
    "en:Criminal law",
    "en:Dragons",
    "en:Law"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "dracō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dragon"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin dracō (“dragon”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin dracō (“dragon”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more draconian",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most draconian",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "draconian (comparative more draconian, superlative most draconian)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2006, Steven Erikson, Deadhouse Gates, Book Two, page 384",
          "text": "The dragon came low to the earth. It defied every image of a draconian being Kulp had ever seen.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Jacob Silvia, Qhoenix, page 73",
          "text": "A large sandwyrm (which isn't to be confused with a sandworm) popped its draconian head from the earth.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or resembling a dragon."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dragon",
          "dragon"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "except in fiction",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, except in fiction) Of or resembling a dragon."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹəˈkəʊ.ni.ən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹækˈəʊ.ni.ən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹeɪˈkoʊ.ni.ən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɹəˈkoʊ.ni.ən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊniən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-draconian+.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/En-us-draconian%2B.ogg/En-us-draconian%2B.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/En-us-draconian%2B.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-draconian.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/En-us-draconian.ogg/En-us-draconian.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/En-us-draconian.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "drā-kō'ni-ən, drə-"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "resembling a dragon",
      "word": "draconic"
    },
    {
      "sense": "resembling a dragon",
      "word": "draconine"
    },
    {
      "sense": "resembling a dragon",
      "word": "dragonish"
    },
    {
      "sense": "resembling a dragon",
      "word": "dragonlike"
    },
    {
      "sense": "resembling a dragon",
      "word": "dragony"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
      "word": "lohikäärmemäinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
      "word": "drakala"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "zmejski",
      "sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "змејски"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "drakónij",
      "sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
      "word": "драко́ний"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "drakónovskij",
      "sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
      "word": "драко́новский"
    }
  ],
  "word": "draconian"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.