See draconian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Δράκων"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Δράκων (Drákōn)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Athenian lawmaker Draco, from Latin Dracō, from Ancient Greek Δράκων (Drákōn), known for making harsh laws. See δράκων (drákōn, “dragon”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more draconian",
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{
"_dis": "76 24",
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{
"kind": "other",
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"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "73 27",
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"_dis": "74 26",
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{
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{
"_dis": "77 23",
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{
"text": "The Soviet regime was draconian.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The mayor announced draconian budget cuts today.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Stuart Macintyre, A Concise History of Australia, page 125:",
"text": "The conflict in the countryside resulted in a far more draconian punishment. The Southern Cross flag flew over the camps of striking shearers, who in revenge for their victimisation burned grass, fences, buildings and even riverboats[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020 April 8, Howard Johnston, “East-ended? When the ECML was at risk”, in Rail, page 65:",
"text": "Perhaps lessons had already been learned from the Draconian infrastructure cuts on the Waterloo-Exeter route.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 May 8, Jonathan Head, “Thailand election: The young radicals shaking up politics”, in BBC News (World):",
"text": "And that movement, while it was eventually crushed through the extensive use of the draconian lese majeste law, shattered the taboo, by calling openly, for the first time, for the powers and financing of the monarchy to be accountable.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Very severe, cruel, or harsh."
],
"id": "en-draconian-en-adj-sVMPzOAP",
"links": [
[
"Very",
"very"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Orwellian"
},
{
"word": "rigid"
},
{
"word": "strict"
},
{
"word": "stringent"
},
{
"word": "rigorous"
},
{
"word": "Draconian"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drakonies"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šadīd al-quswa",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "شَدِيد الْقُسْوَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "drakonyan",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "դրակոնյան"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "drakonovski",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "драконовски"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "draconià"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "嚴苛的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "严苛的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drakonický"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "draconisch"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drakona"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "erittäin ankara"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drakoninen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "draconien"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "draconiano"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drakonisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drastisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "entschieden"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "drakónteios",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "δρακόντειος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drákói"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drakonala"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "danartha"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "draconiano"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eomgyeokhada",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "엄격(嚴格)하다"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "drakonski",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "драконски"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drakoński"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "draconiano"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drakónovskij",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "драко́новский"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "draconiano"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drakonisk"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "drakónivsʹkyj",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "драко́нівський"
}
]
}
],
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{
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{
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"wikipedia": [
"Draco (lawgiver)"
],
"word": "draconian"
}
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"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin dracō (“dragon”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more draconian",
"tags": [
"comparative"
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},
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"superlative"
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
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"orig": "en:Criminal law",
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"Society",
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"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dragons",
"orig": "en:Dragons",
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"Mythological creatures",
"Fantasy",
"Mythology",
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Culture",
"Artistic works",
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"Art",
"Entertainment",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "topical",
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"Fundamental"
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Steven Erikson, Deadhouse Gates, Book Two, →ISBN, page 384:",
"text": "The dragon came low to the earth. It defied every image of a draconian being Kulp had ever seen.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Jacob Silvia, Qhoenix, page 73:",
"text": "A large sandwyrm (which isn't to be confused with a sandworm) popped its draconian head from the earth.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or resembling a dragon."
],
"id": "en-draconian-en-adj-wwlq3KQy",
"links": [
[
"dragon",
"dragon"
]
],
"qualifier": "except in fiction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, except in fiction) Of or resembling a dragon."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "resembling a dragon",
"word": "draconic"
},
{
"sense": "resembling a dragon",
"word": "draconine"
},
{
"sense": "resembling a dragon",
"word": "dragonish"
},
{
"sense": "resembling a dragon",
"word": "dragonlike"
},
{
"sense": "resembling a dragon",
"word": "dragony"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
"word": "lohikäärmemäinen"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
"word": "drakala"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zmejski",
"sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "змејски"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drakónij",
"sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
"word": "драко́ний"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drakónovskij",
"sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
"word": "драко́новский"
}
]
}
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"tags": [
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"word": "draconian"
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"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Criminal law",
"en:Dragons",
"en:Law"
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"2": "grc",
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],
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"forms": [
{
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"text": "The Soviet regime was draconian.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The mayor announced draconian budget cuts today.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Stuart Macintyre, A Concise History of Australia, page 125:",
"text": "The conflict in the countryside resulted in a far more draconian punishment. The Southern Cross flag flew over the camps of striking shearers, who in revenge for their victimisation burned grass, fences, buildings and even riverboats[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020 April 8, Howard Johnston, “East-ended? When the ECML was at risk”, in Rail, page 65:",
"text": "Perhaps lessons had already been learned from the Draconian infrastructure cuts on the Waterloo-Exeter route.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 May 8, Jonathan Head, “Thailand election: The young radicals shaking up politics”, in BBC News (World):",
"text": "And that movement, while it was eventually crushed through the extensive use of the draconian lese majeste law, shattered the taboo, by calling openly, for the first time, for the powers and financing of the monarchy to be accountable.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Very severe, cruel, or harsh."
],
"links": [
[
"Very",
"very"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
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[
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]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Orwellian"
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{
"word": "rigid"
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{
"word": "strict"
},
{
"word": "stringent"
},
{
"word": "rigorous"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɹækˈəʊ.ni.ən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"enpr": "drā-kō'ni-ən",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"enpr": "drə-",
"tags": [
"US"
]
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"tags": [
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/En-us-draconian.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊniən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Draconian"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drakonies"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šadīd al-quswa",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "شَدِيد الْقُسْوَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "drakonyan",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "դրակոնյան"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "drakonovski",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "драконовски"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "draconià"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "嚴苛的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "严苛的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drakonický"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "draconisch"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drakona"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "erittäin ankara"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drakoninen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "draconien"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "draconiano"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drakonisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drastisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "entschieden"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "drakónteios",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "δρακόντειος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drákói"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drakonala"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "danartha"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "draconiano"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eomgyeokhada",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "엄격(嚴格)하다"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "drakonski",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "драконски"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drakoński"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "draconiano"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drakónovskij",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "драко́новский"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "draconiano"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "drakonisk"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "drakónivsʹkyj",
"sense": "severe, oppressive or strict",
"word": "драко́нівський"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Draco (lawgiver)"
],
"word": "draconian"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English eponyms",
"English lemmas",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊniən",
"Rhymes:English/əʊniən/4 syllables",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"en:Criminal law",
"en:Dragons",
"en:Law"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dracō",
"4": "",
"5": "dragon"
},
"expansion": "Latin dracō (“dragon”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin dracō (“dragon”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more draconian",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most draconian",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "draconian (comparative more draconian, superlative most draconian)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Steven Erikson, Deadhouse Gates, Book Two, →ISBN, page 384:",
"text": "The dragon came low to the earth. It defied every image of a draconian being Kulp had ever seen.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Jacob Silvia, Qhoenix, page 73:",
"text": "A large sandwyrm (which isn't to be confused with a sandworm) popped its draconian head from the earth.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or resembling a dragon."
],
"links": [
[
"dragon",
"dragon"
]
],
"qualifier": "except in fiction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, except in fiction) Of or resembling a dragon."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dɹəˈkəʊ.ni.ən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɹækˈəʊ.ni.ən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"enpr": "drā-kō'ni-ən",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"enpr": "drə-",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɹeɪˈkoʊ.ni.ən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɹəˈkoʊ.ni.ən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-draconian+.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/En-us-draconian%2B.ogg/En-us-draconian%2B.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/En-us-draconian%2B.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-draconian.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/En-us-draconian.ogg/En-us-draconian.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/En-us-draconian.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊniən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "resembling a dragon",
"word": "draconic"
},
{
"sense": "resembling a dragon",
"word": "draconine"
},
{
"sense": "resembling a dragon",
"word": "dragonish"
},
{
"sense": "resembling a dragon",
"word": "dragonlike"
},
{
"sense": "resembling a dragon",
"word": "dragony"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
"word": "lohikäärmemäinen"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
"word": "drakala"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zmejski",
"sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "змејски"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drakónij",
"sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
"word": "драко́ний"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drakónovskij",
"sense": "of or resembling a dragon",
"word": "драко́новский"
}
],
"word": "draconian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for draconian meaning in English (11.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.