See brain drain in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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{ "etymology_text": "Spokesmen for the Royal Society of London first coined this expression to describe the outflow of scientists and technologists to the United States and Canada in the early 1950s.", "forms": [ { "form": "brain drains", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "brain drain (plural brain drains)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "antonyms": [ { "word": "brain gain" } ], "categories": [ { "_dis": "58 42", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Human migration", "orig": "en:Human migration", "parents": [ "Human behaviour", "Human", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "2023 October 4, Philip Haigh, “HS2's rising costs: government only has itself to blame”, in RAIL, number 993, page 53", "text": "Former HS2 Ltd chairman Sir David Higgins provided a timely reminder of why Britain needs HS2 in a letter to The Times on September 25, in which he asked: \"Why are so few FTSE 100 companies based outside the South East? Why is there such a brain drain of graduates from the North? Why do northern cities underperform compared with their European counterparts?", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "The migration of educated or talented people from less economically advanced areas to more economically advanced areas, especially to large cities or richer countries." ], "id": "en-brain_drain-en-noun-UcboIXVi", "links": [ [ "migration", "migration" ], [ "educated", "educated" ], [ "talented", "talented" ], [ "advanced", "advanced" ] ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "breindrein" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "alt": "hijra(t) al-ʔadmiḡa", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "هِجْرَة الأَدْمِغَة" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "alt": "hijra(t) al-ʕuqūl", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "هِجْرَة العُقُول" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "uġeġneri artahoskʿ", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "ուղեղների արտահոսք" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "ucječka mazhóŭ", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "уцечка мазгоў" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "adtók mazhóŭ", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "адток мазгоў" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "ucjóki mazhóŭ", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "plural" ], "word": "уцёкі мазгоў" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "vycjek mazhóŭ", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "выцек мазгоў" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "fuga de cervells" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "fugida de cervells" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "réncái wàiliú", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "人才外流" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "réncái liúshī", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "人才流失" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "odliv mozků" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "braindrain" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "hersenvlucht" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "kennisvlucht" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "cerbofuĝo" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "ajude äravool" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "aivovuoto" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "aivovienti" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "fuite des cerveaux" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "Quebec", "masculine" ], "word": "exode des cerveaux" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Braindrain" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Gehirn-Abfluss" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Talentschwund" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "briẖát moẖót", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "בְּרִיחַת מוֹחוֹת" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "agyelszívás" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "fuga dei cervelli" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "fuga di cervelli" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "alt": "ずのうりゅうしゅつ", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "zunō ryūshutsu", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "頭脳流出" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "pratibhā palāyana", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "ಪ್ರತಿಭಾ ಪಲಾಯನ" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "alt": "頭腦流出", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dunoeyuchul", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "두뇌유출" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "injaeyuchul", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "인재유출" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "injeokjawon yuchul", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "인적자원 유출" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "li", "lang": "Limburgish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "briekingsdrieëg" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "hjerneflukt" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "farâr-e mağz-hâ", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "فرار مغزها" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "drenaż mózgów" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "fuga de cérebros" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "brain drain" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "utéčka mozgóv", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "уте́чка мозго́в" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "utéčka umóv", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "уте́чка умо́в" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "fuga de cerebros" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "kompetensflykt" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "kunskapsflykt" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "hjärnflykt" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "forskarflykt" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "talangflykt" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "sà-mɔ̌ɔng-lǎi", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "สมองไหล" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "beyin göçü" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "vídtík mízkiv", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "ві́дті́к мі́зків" }, { "_dis1": "91 9", "code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "chảy máu chất xám" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Medicine", "orig": "en:Medicine", "parents": [ "Biology", "Sciences", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "19 81", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "11 89", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup", "parents": [ "Entries with language name categories using raw markup", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "19 81", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup", "parents": [ "Entries with topic categories using raw markup", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "18 82", "kind": "other", "name": "English reduplications", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "25 75", "kind": "other", "name": "English rhyming compounds", "parents": [ "Rhyming compounds", "Compound terms", "Rhyming phrases", "Terms by etymology", "Phrases", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "18 82", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "parents": [ "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 100", "word": "reverse brain drain" } ], "glosses": [ "A Jackson-Pratt drain." ], "id": "en-brain_drain-en-noun-j6g0CV0R", "links": [ [ "medicine", "medicine" ], [ "Jackson-Pratt drain", "Jackson-Pratt drain" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(medicine, informal) A Jackson-Pratt drain." ], "tags": [ "informal" ], "topics": [ "medicine", "sciences" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "enpr": "brānʹ-drān" } ], "wikipedia": [ "Royal Society of London", "brain drain" ], "word": "brain drain" }
{ "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English entries with language name categories using raw markup", "English entries with topic categories using raw markup", "English lemmas", "English multiword terms", "English nouns", "English reduplications", "English rhyming compounds", "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "en:Human migration" ], "derived": [ { "word": "reverse brain drain" } ], "etymology_text": "Spokesmen for the Royal Society of London first coined this expression to describe the outflow of scientists and technologists to the United States and Canada in the early 1950s.", "forms": [ { "form": "brain drains", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "brain drain (plural brain drains)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "antonyms": [ { "word": "brain gain" } ], "categories": [ "English terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "2023 October 4, Philip Haigh, “HS2's rising costs: government only has itself to blame”, in RAIL, number 993, page 53", "text": "Former HS2 Ltd chairman Sir David Higgins provided a timely reminder of why Britain needs HS2 in a letter to The Times on September 25, in which he asked: \"Why are so few FTSE 100 companies based outside the South East? Why is there such a brain drain of graduates from the North? Why do northern cities underperform compared with their European counterparts?", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "The migration of educated or talented people from less economically advanced areas to more economically advanced areas, especially to large cities or richer countries." ], "links": [ [ "migration", "migration" ], [ "educated", "educated" ], [ "talented", "talented" ], [ "advanced", "advanced" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "English informal terms", "en:Medicine" ], "glosses": [ "A Jackson-Pratt drain." ], "links": [ [ "medicine", "medicine" ], [ "Jackson-Pratt drain", "Jackson-Pratt drain" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(medicine, informal) A Jackson-Pratt drain." ], "tags": [ "informal" ], "topics": [ "medicine", "sciences" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "enpr": "brānʹ-drān" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "breindrein" }, { "alt": "hijra(t) al-ʔadmiḡa", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "هِجْرَة الأَدْمِغَة" }, { "alt": "hijra(t) al-ʕuqūl", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "هِجْرَة العُقُول" }, { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "uġeġneri artahoskʿ", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "ուղեղների արտահոսք" }, { "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "ucječka mazhóŭ", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "уцечка мазгоў" }, { "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "adtók mazhóŭ", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "адток мазгоў" }, { "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "ucjóki mazhóŭ", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "plural" ], "word": "уцёкі мазгоў" }, { "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "vycjek mazhóŭ", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "выцек мазгоў" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "fuga de cervells" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "fugida de cervells" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "réncái wàiliú", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "人才外流" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "réncái liúshī", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "人才流失" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "odliv mozků" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "braindrain" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "hersenvlucht" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "kennisvlucht" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "cerbofuĝo" }, { "code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "ajude äravool" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "aivovuoto" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "aivovienti" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "fuite des cerveaux" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "Quebec", "masculine" ], "word": "exode des cerveaux" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Braindrain" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Gehirn-Abfluss" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Talentschwund" }, { "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "briẖát moẖót", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "בְּרִיחַת מוֹחוֹת" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "agyelszívás" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "fuga dei cervelli" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "fuga di cervelli" }, { "alt": "ずのうりゅうしゅつ", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "zunō ryūshutsu", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "頭脳流出" }, { "code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "pratibhā palāyana", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "ಪ್ರತಿಭಾ ಪಲಾಯನ" }, { "alt": "頭腦流出", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dunoeyuchul", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "두뇌유출" }, { "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "injaeyuchul", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "인재유출" }, { "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "injeokjawon yuchul", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "인적자원 유출" }, { "code": "li", "lang": "Limburgish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "briekingsdrieëg" }, { "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "hjerneflukt" }, { "code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "farâr-e mağz-hâ", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "فرار مغزها" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "drenaż mózgów" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "fuga de cérebros" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "brain drain" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "utéčka mozgóv", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "уте́чка мозго́в" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "utéčka umóv", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "уте́чка умо́в" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "fuga de cerebros" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "kompetensflykt" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "kunskapsflykt" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "hjärnflykt" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "forskarflykt" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "talangflykt" }, { "code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "sà-mɔ̌ɔng-lǎi", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "สมองไหล" }, { "code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "beyin göçü" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "vídtík mízkiv", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "ві́дті́к мі́зків" }, { "code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "emigration of educated people", "word": "chảy máu chất xám" } ], "wikipedia": [ "Royal Society of London", "brain drain" ], "word": "brain drain" }
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