See brain drain on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "Coined by spokesmen for the Royal Society of London in the early 1950s to describe the outflow of scientists and technologists to the United States and Canada.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brain drains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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"expansion": "brain drain (plural brain drains)",
"name": "en-noun"
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"word": "brain gain"
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"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 41 10 7",
"kind": "topical",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1955, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Proceedings, Issues 6-12, page 60:",
"text": "Fortunately, the often-discussed problem of \"the brain drain\" is not as serious in agriculture as in most other fields, particularly the \"hard sciences.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 October 4, Philip Haigh, “HS2's rising costs: government only has itself to blame”, in RAIL, number 993, page 53:",
"text": "Former HS2 Ltd chairman Sir David Higgins provided a timely reminder of why Britain needs HS2 in a letter to The Times on September 25, in which he asked: \"Why are so few FTSE 100 companies based outside the South East? Why is there such a brain drain of graduates from the North? Why do northern cities underperform compared with their European counterparts?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The migration of educated or talented people from less economically advanced areas to more economically advanced areas, especially to large cities or more developed nations."
],
"id": "en-brain_drain-en-noun-HtWb19cs",
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[
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[
"talented",
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[
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"advanced"
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[
"developed",
"developed"
],
[
"nation",
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(idiomatic) The migration of educated or talented people from less economically advanced areas to more economically advanced areas, especially to large cities or more developed nations."
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"word": "reverse brain drain"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Jackson-Pratt drain."
],
"id": "en-brain_drain-en-noun-j6g0CV0R",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"Jackson-Pratt drain",
"Jackson-Pratt drain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine, informal) A Jackson-Pratt drain."
],
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "brānʹ-drān"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-brain drain.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-brain_drain.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-brain_drain.wav.mp3",
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"wikipedia": [
"Royal Society of London",
"brain drain"
],
"word": "brain drain"
}
{
"etymology_text": "Coined by spokesmen for the Royal Society of London in the early 1950s to describe the outflow of scientists and technologists to the United States and Canada.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brain drains",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brain draining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brain drained",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brain drained",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
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"expansion": "brain drain (third-person singular simple present brain drains, present participle brain draining, simple past and past participle brain drained)",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Of a nation or society, to be deprived of educated or talented people, who in turn migrate to larger cities or more developed nations."
],
"id": "en-brain_drain-en-verb-kC1WXgcF",
"links": [
[
"nation",
"nation"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"deprive",
"deprive"
],
[
"educated",
"educated"
],
[
"talented",
"talented"
],
[
"migrate",
"migrate"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"cities",
"city"
],
[
"developed",
"developed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, idiomatic, uncommon) Of a nation or society, to be deprived of educated or talented people, who in turn migrate to larger cities or more developed nations."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"transitive",
"uncommon"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "breindrein"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"alt": "hijra(t) al-ʔadmiḡa",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "هِجْرَة الأَدْمِغَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"alt": "hijra(t) al-ʕuqūl",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "هِجْرَة العُقُول"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "uġeġneri artahoskʻ",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "ուղեղների արտահոսք"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ucječka mazhóŭ",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уцечка мазгоў"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "adtók mazhóŭ",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "адток мазгоў"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ucjóki mazhóŭ",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "уцёкі мазгоў"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vycjek mazhóŭ",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "выцек мазгоў"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga de cervells"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fugida de cervells"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "réncái wàiliú",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "人才外流"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "réncái liúshī",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "人才流失"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odliv mozků"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "braindrain"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "hersenvlucht"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kennisvlucht"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "cerbofuĝo"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "ajude äravool"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "aivovuoto"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "aivovienti"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuite des cerveaux"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"Quebec",
"masculine"
],
"word": "exode des cerveaux"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Braindrain"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gehirn-Abfluss"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Talentschwund"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "briẖát moẖót",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "בְּרִיחַת מוֹחוֹת"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "agyelszívás"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga dei cervelli"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga di cervelli"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"alt": "ずのうりゅうしゅつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "zunō ryūshutsu",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "頭脳流出"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "pratibhā palāyana",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "ಪ್ರತಿಭಾ ಪಲಾಯನ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"alt": "頭腦流出",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "dunoeyuchul",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "두뇌유출"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "injaeyuchul",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "인재유출"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "injeokjawon yuchul",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "인적자원 유출"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "briekingsdrieëg"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hjerneflukt"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "farâr-e mağz-hâ",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "فرار مغزها"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "drenaż mózgów"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga de cérebros"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "brain drain"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "utéčka mozgóv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уте́чка мозго́в"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "utéčka umóv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уте́чка умо́в"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga de cerebros"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kompetensflykt"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kunskapsflykt"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hjärnflykt"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "forskarflykt"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "talangflykt"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sà-mɔ̌ɔng-lǎi",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "สมองไหล"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "beyin göçü"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vídtík mízkiv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ві́дті́к мі́зків"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "chảy máu chất xám"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To become mentally or psychologically fatigued or exhausted."
],
"id": "en-brain_drain-en-verb-1RbtUpCq",
"links": [
[
"mentally",
"mentally"
],
[
"psychologically",
"psychologically"
],
[
"fatigue",
"fatigue"
],
[
"exhausted",
"exhausted"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, idiomatic, uncommon) To become mentally or psychologically fatigued or exhausted."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"intransitive",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "brānʹ-drān"
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{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-brain drain.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-brain_drain.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-brain_drain.wav.mp3",
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "brain-drain"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Royal Society of London",
"brain drain"
],
"word": "brain drain"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "en",
"3": "brain drain"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English brain drain",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English brain drain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "brain drain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "brain drainul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "brain drain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "brain drainului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "brain drainule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "brain drain n (uncountable)",
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}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "brain drainelor",
"gpi": "brain draine",
"gsd": "brain drainului",
"gsi": "brain drain",
"n": "sg",
"npd": "brain drainele",
"npi": "brain draine",
"nsd": "brain drainul",
"nsi": "brain drain",
"vp": "brain drainelor",
"vs": "brain drainule"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"brain drain"
],
"id": "en-brain_drain-ro-noun-V0rlnljx",
"links": [
[
"brain drain",
"brain drain#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "brain drain"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English reduplications",
"English rhyming compounds",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kannada translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Limburgish translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Human migration"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "reverse brain drain"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Coined by spokesmen for the Royal Society of London in the early 1950s to describe the outflow of scientists and technologists to the United States and Canada.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brain drains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brain drain (plural brain drains)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "brain gain"
}
],
"categories": [
"English idioms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1955, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Proceedings, Issues 6-12, page 60:",
"text": "Fortunately, the often-discussed problem of \"the brain drain\" is not as serious in agriculture as in most other fields, particularly the \"hard sciences.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 October 4, Philip Haigh, “HS2's rising costs: government only has itself to blame”, in RAIL, number 993, page 53:",
"text": "Former HS2 Ltd chairman Sir David Higgins provided a timely reminder of why Britain needs HS2 in a letter to The Times on September 25, in which he asked: \"Why are so few FTSE 100 companies based outside the South East? Why is there such a brain drain of graduates from the North? Why do northern cities underperform compared with their European counterparts?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The migration of educated or talented people from less economically advanced areas to more economically advanced areas, especially to large cities or more developed nations."
],
"links": [
[
"migration",
"migration"
],
[
"educated",
"educated"
],
[
"talented",
"talented"
],
[
"advanced",
"advanced"
],
[
"developed",
"developed"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(idiomatic) The migration of educated or talented people from less economically advanced areas to more economically advanced areas, especially to large cities or more developed nations."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"en:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"A Jackson-Pratt drain."
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"Jackson-Pratt drain",
"Jackson-Pratt drain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine, informal) A Jackson-Pratt drain."
],
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "brānʹ-drān"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-brain drain.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-brain_drain.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-brain_drain.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-brain_drain.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-brain_drain.wav.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Royal Society of London",
"brain drain"
],
"word": "brain drain"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English reduplications",
"English rhyming compounds",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kannada translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Limburgish translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Human migration"
],
"etymology_text": "Coined by spokesmen for the Royal Society of London in the early 1950s to describe the outflow of scientists and technologists to the United States and Canada.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brain drains",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brain draining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brain drained",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brain drained",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brain drain (third-person singular simple present brain drains, present participle brain draining, simple past and past participle brain drained)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English idioms",
"English terms with uncommon senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"Of a nation or society, to be deprived of educated or talented people, who in turn migrate to larger cities or more developed nations."
],
"links": [
[
"nation",
"nation"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"deprive",
"deprive"
],
[
"educated",
"educated"
],
[
"talented",
"talented"
],
[
"migrate",
"migrate"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"cities",
"city"
],
[
"developed",
"developed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, idiomatic, uncommon) Of a nation or society, to be deprived of educated or talented people, who in turn migrate to larger cities or more developed nations."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"transitive",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English idioms",
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with uncommon senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To become mentally or psychologically fatigued or exhausted."
],
"links": [
[
"mentally",
"mentally"
],
[
"psychologically",
"psychologically"
],
[
"fatigue",
"fatigue"
],
[
"exhausted",
"exhausted"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, idiomatic, uncommon) To become mentally or psychologically fatigued or exhausted."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"intransitive",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "brānʹ-drān"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-brain drain.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-brain_drain.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-brain_drain.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-brain_drain.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-brain_drain.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brain-drain"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "breindrein"
},
{
"alt": "hijra(t) al-ʔadmiḡa",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "هِجْرَة الأَدْمِغَة"
},
{
"alt": "hijra(t) al-ʕuqūl",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "هِجْرَة العُقُول"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "uġeġneri artahoskʻ",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "ուղեղների արտահոսք"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ucječka mazhóŭ",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уцечка мазгоў"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "adtók mazhóŭ",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "адток мазгоў"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ucjóki mazhóŭ",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "уцёкі мазгоў"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vycjek mazhóŭ",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "выцек мазгоў"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga de cervells"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fugida de cervells"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "réncái wàiliú",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "人才外流"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "réncái liúshī",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "人才流失"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odliv mozků"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "braindrain"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "hersenvlucht"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kennisvlucht"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "cerbofuĝo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "ajude äravool"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "aivovuoto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "aivovienti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuite des cerveaux"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"Quebec",
"masculine"
],
"word": "exode des cerveaux"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Braindrain"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gehirn-Abfluss"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Talentschwund"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "briẖát moẖót",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "בְּרִיחַת מוֹחוֹת"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "agyelszívás"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga dei cervelli"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga di cervelli"
},
{
"alt": "ずのうりゅうしゅつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "zunō ryūshutsu",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "頭脳流出"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "pratibhā palāyana",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "ಪ್ರತಿಭಾ ಪಲಾಯನ"
},
{
"alt": "頭腦流出",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "dunoeyuchul",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "두뇌유출"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "injaeyuchul",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "인재유출"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "injeokjawon yuchul",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "인적자원 유출"
},
{
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "briekingsdrieëg"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hjerneflukt"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "farâr-e mağz-hâ",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "فرار مغزها"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "drenaż mózgów"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga de cérebros"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "brain drain"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "utéčka mozgóv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уте́чка мозго́в"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "utéčka umóv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уте́чка умо́в"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga de cerebros"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kompetensflykt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kunskapsflykt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hjärnflykt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "forskarflykt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "talangflykt"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sà-mɔ̌ɔng-lǎi",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "สมองไหล"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "beyin göçü"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vídtík mízkiv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ві́дті́к мі́зків"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "chảy máu chất xám"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Royal Society of London",
"brain drain"
],
"word": "brain drain"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "en",
"3": "brain drain"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English brain drain",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English brain drain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "brain drain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "brain drainul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "brain drain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "brain drainului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "brain drainule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "brain drain n (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "brain drainelor",
"gpi": "brain draine",
"gsd": "brain drainului",
"gsi": "brain drain",
"n": "sg",
"npd": "brain drainele",
"npi": "brain draine",
"nsd": "brain drainul",
"nsi": "brain drain",
"vp": "brain drainelor",
"vs": "brain drainule"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian multiword terms",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms borrowed from English",
"Romanian terms derived from English",
"Romanian unadapted borrowings from English",
"Romanian uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"brain drain"
],
"links": [
[
"brain drain",
"brain drain#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "brain drain"
}
Download raw JSONL data for brain drain meaning in All languages combined (16.8kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive-dative'",
"path": [
"brain drain"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "brain drain",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.