See assail in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for assail meaning in English (8.0kB)
{
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{
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"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "assailen"
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"expansion": "Middle English assailen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "assalir",
"4": "assaillir, assalir"
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"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "LL.",
"3": "assalio",
"4": "assalīre"
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
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"t": "at, towards"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "saliō",
"3": "salīre",
"t": "jump"
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "assault"
},
"expansion": "assault",
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English assailen, from Old French assaillir, assalir, from Late Latin assalīre, from Latin ad (“at, towards”) + salīre (“jump”). See also assault.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "assails",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "assailing",
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"participle",
"present"
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{
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"pos": "verb",
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{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "en:Violence",
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Muggers assailed them as they entered an alley.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Our ears were assailed by her joyous efforts on her new saxophone.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1897, Saki, “The Story-teller”, in Beasts and Super-beasts, London: John Lane, published 1914, page 238",
"text": "[…] for the next six months or so those children will assail her in public with demands for an improper story!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1942, Zora Neale Hurston, chapter 14, in Dust Tracks on a Road, New York: Arno Press and The New York Times, published 1969, page 258",
"text": "We got married immediately after I finished my work […] which should have been the happiest day of my life. […] ¶ But, it was not my happiest day. I was assailed by doubts.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "2007, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, Wizard of the Crow, Nairobo: East African Educational Publishers, Book 2, Chapter 3, p. 64,\nHe did not like being in crowds, foul smells galore assailing his nostrils."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To attack with harsh words or violent force (also figuratively)."
],
"id": "en-assail-en-verb-TfvCRKQU",
"links": [
[
"attack",
"attack"
],
[
"figurative",
"figurative"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To attack with harsh words or violent force (also figuratively)."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "assailable"
},
{
"word": "assailant"
},
{
"word": "assailer"
},
{
"word": "assailment"
},
{
"word": "assault"
},
{
"word": "reassail"
},
{
"word": "unassailed"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "napadam",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "нападам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nahvǎrljam se",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "нахвърлям се"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "攻擊"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōngjí",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "攻击"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "napadnout"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "napadat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaútočit"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "käydä kimppuun"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "assaillir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "asaltar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "atacar"
},
{
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "gjumpì"
},
{
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "imbistì"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "angreifen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "megtámad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "megrohan"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "assalire"
},
{
"alt": "しゅうげきする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shūgeki suru",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "襲撃する"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "īnstō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "incessō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "uruhi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "auta"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "whakatorotoro"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "assailli"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "assalir"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "investir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "napadátʹ",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "напада́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "napástʹ",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "напа́сть"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "carrabusai"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "carraxai"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "imbistiri"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "appiliare"
},
{
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "assarí"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "atacar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "asaltar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "aturdir"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "saldırmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"possibly"
],
"word": "taarruz etmek"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈseɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-assail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-assail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-assail.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "assail"
}
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"3": "assailen"
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"expansion": "Middle English assailen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"1": "en",
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"3": "assalir",
"4": "assaillir, assalir"
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"name": "der"
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},
{
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"t": "jump"
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "assault"
},
"expansion": "assault",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English assailen, from Old French assaillir, assalir, from Late Latin assalīre, from Latin ad (“at, towards”) + salīre (“jump”). See also assault.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "assails",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "assailing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "assailed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "assailed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
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"args": {},
"expansion": "assail (third-person singular simple present assails, present participle assailing, simple past and past participle assailed)",
"name": "en-verb"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "assailable"
},
{
"word": "assailant"
},
{
"word": "assailer"
},
{
"word": "assailment"
},
{
"word": "assault"
},
{
"word": "reassail"
},
{
"word": "unassailed"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sel-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Mandarin terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/2 syllables",
"en:Violence"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Muggers assailed them as they entered an alley.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Our ears were assailed by her joyous efforts on her new saxophone.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1897, Saki, “The Story-teller”, in Beasts and Super-beasts, London: John Lane, published 1914, page 238",
"text": "[…] for the next six months or so those children will assail her in public with demands for an improper story!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1942, Zora Neale Hurston, chapter 14, in Dust Tracks on a Road, New York: Arno Press and The New York Times, published 1969, page 258",
"text": "We got married immediately after I finished my work […] which should have been the happiest day of my life. […] ¶ But, it was not my happiest day. I was assailed by doubts.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "2007, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, Wizard of the Crow, Nairobo: East African Educational Publishers, Book 2, Chapter 3, p. 64,\nHe did not like being in crowds, foul smells galore assailing his nostrils."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To attack with harsh words or violent force (also figuratively)."
],
"links": [
[
"attack",
"attack"
],
[
"figurative",
"figurative"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To attack with harsh words or violent force (also figuratively)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈseɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-assail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-assail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-assail.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "napadam",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "нападам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nahvǎrljam se",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "нахвърлям се"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "攻擊"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōngjí",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "攻击"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "napadnout"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "napadat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaútočit"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "käydä kimppuun"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "assaillir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "asaltar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "atacar"
},
{
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "gjumpì"
},
{
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "imbistì"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "angreifen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "megtámad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "megrohan"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "assalire"
},
{
"alt": "しゅうげきする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shūgeki suru",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "襲撃する"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "īnstō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "incessō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "uruhi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "auta"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "whakatorotoro"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "assailli"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "assalir"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "investir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "napadátʹ",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "напада́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "napástʹ",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "напа́сть"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "carrabusai"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "carraxai"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "imbistiri"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "appiliare"
},
{
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "assarí"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "atacar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "asaltar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "aturdir"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"word": "saldırmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to attack violently",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"possibly"
],
"word": "taarruz etmek"
}
],
"word": "assail"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.