"assail" meaning in All languages combined

See assail on Wiktionary

Verb [English]

IPA: /əˈseɪl/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-assail.wav Forms: assails [present, singular, third-person], assailing [participle, present], assailed [participle, past], assailed [past]
Rhymes: -eɪl Etymology: From Middle English assailen, from Old French assaillir, assalir, from Late Latin assalīre, from Latin ad (“at, towards”) + salīre (“jump”). See also assault. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*sel-}}, {{inh|en|enm|assailen}} Middle English assailen, {{der|en|fro|assalir|assaillir, assalir}} Old French assaillir, assalir, {{der|en|LL.|assalio|assalīre}} Late Latin assalīre, {{der|en|la|ad|t=at, towards}} Latin ad (“at, towards”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} assail (third-person singular simple present assails, present participle assailing, simple past and past participle assailed)
  1. (transitive) To attack with harsh words or violent force (also figuratively). Tags: transitive Categories (topical): Violence Derived forms: assailable, assailant, assailer, assailment, reassail, unassailability, unassailed, unassailing Related terms: assault Translations (to attack violently): нападам (napadam) (Bulgarian), нахвърлям се (nahvǎrljam se) (Bulgarian), carrabusai (Campidanese Sardinian), carraxai (Campidanese Sardinian), imbistiri (Campidanese Sardinian), 攻擊 (Chinese Mandarin), 攻击 (gōngjí) (Chinese Mandarin), napadnout [perfective] (Czech), napadat [imperfective] (Czech), zaútočit [perfective] (Czech), käydä kimppuun (Finnish), assaillir (French), asaltar (Galician), atacar (Galician), gjumpì (Gallurese), imbistì (Gallurese), angreifen (German), megtámad (Hungarian), megrohan (Hungarian), assalire (Italian), 襲撃する (shūgeki suru) (alt: しゅうげきする) (Japanese), īnstō (Latin), incessō (Latin), uruhi (Maori), auta (Maori), whakatorotoro (Maori), assailli (Norman), assalir (Occitan), investir (Portuguese), напада́ть (napadátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), напа́сть (napástʹ) [perfective] (Russian), appiliare [Logudorese] (Sardinian), assarí (Sassarese), atacar (Spanish), asaltar (Spanish), aturdir (Spanish), saldırmak (Turkish), taarruz etmek [obsolete, possibly] (Turkish)

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

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        "3": "*sel-"
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  "etymology_text": "From Middle English assailen, from Old French assaillir, assalir, from Late Latin assalīre, from Latin ad (“at, towards”) + salīre (“jump”). See also assault.",
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      "form": "assails",
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        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
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    },
    {
      "form": "assailing",
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        "present"
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      "form": "assailed",
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      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "assailable"
        },
        {
          "word": "assailant"
        },
        {
          "word": "assailer"
        },
        {
          "word": "assailment"
        },
        {
          "word": "reassail"
        },
        {
          "word": "unassailability"
        },
        {
          "word": "unassailed"
        },
        {
          "word": "unassailing"
        }
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        {
          "text": "Muggers assailed them as they entered an alley.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Our ears were assailed by her joyous efforts on her new saxophone.",
          "type": "example"
        },
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          "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, pages 76-77:",
          "text": "With greedy force he gan the fort assayle,\nWhereof he weend possesse soone to bee,\nAnd win rich spoile of ransackt chastitee.",
          "type": "quote"
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          "text": "[…] let us once again assail your ears,\nThat are so fortified against our story,\nWhat we two nights have seen.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1897, Saki, “The Story-teller”, in Beasts and Super-beasts, London: John Lane, published 1914, page 238:",
          "text": "“[…] for the next six months or so those children will assail her in public with demands for an improper story!”",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1942, Zora Neale Hurston, chapter 14, in Dust Tracks on a Road, New York: Arno Press and The New York Times, published 1969, page 258:",
          "text": "We got married immediately after I finished my work […] which should have been the happiest day of my life. […] ¶ But, it was not my happiest day. I was assailed by doubts.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "text": "2007, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, Wizard of the Crow, Nairobo: East African Educational Publishers, Book 2, Chapter 3, p. 64,\nHe did not like being in crowds, foul smells galore assailing his nostrils."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To attack with harsh words or violent force (also figuratively)."
      ],
      "id": "en-assail-en-verb-TfvCRKQU",
      "links": [
        [
          "attack",
          "attack"
        ],
        [
          "figurative",
          "figurative"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To attack with harsh words or violent force (also figuratively)."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "assault"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "napadam",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "нападам"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "nahvǎrljam se",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "нахвърлям се"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "攻擊"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "gōngjí",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "攻击"
        },
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "napadnout"
        },
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "napadat"
        },
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "zaútočit"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "käydä kimppuun"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "assaillir"
        },
        {
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "asaltar"
        },
        {
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "atacar"
        },
        {
          "code": "sdn",
          "lang": "Gallurese",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "gjumpì"
        },
        {
          "code": "sdn",
          "lang": "Gallurese",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "imbistì"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "angreifen"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "megtámad"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "megrohan"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "assalire"
        },
        {
          "alt": "しゅうげきする",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shūgeki suru",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "襲撃する"
        },
        {
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "īnstō"
        },
        {
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "incessō"
        },
        {
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "uruhi"
        },
        {
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "auta"
        },
        {
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "whakatorotoro"
        },
        {
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "assailli"
        },
        {
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "assalir"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "investir"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "napadátʹ",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "напада́ть"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "napástʹ",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "напа́сть"
        },
        {
          "code": "sc",
          "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "carrabusai"
        },
        {
          "code": "sc",
          "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "carraxai"
        },
        {
          "code": "sc",
          "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "imbistiri"
        },
        {
          "code": "sc",
          "lang": "Sardinian",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "tags": [
            "Logudorese"
          ],
          "word": "appiliare"
        },
        {
          "code": "sdc",
          "lang": "Sassarese",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "assarí"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "atacar"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "asaltar"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "aturdir"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "word": "saldırmak"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "to attack violently",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete",
            "possibly"
          ],
          "word": "taarruz etmek"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈseɪl/"
    },
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      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-assail.wav",
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    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪl"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "asail"
    }
  ],
  "word": "assail"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "assailable"
    },
    {
      "word": "assailant"
    },
    {
      "word": "assailer"
    },
    {
      "word": "assailment"
    },
    {
      "word": "reassail"
    },
    {
      "word": "unassailability"
    },
    {
      "word": "unassailed"
    },
    {
      "word": "unassailing"
    }
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      "args": {
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      "expansion": "Middle English assailen",
      "name": "inh"
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      "args": {
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        "2": "fro",
        "3": "assalir",
        "4": "assaillir, assalir"
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      "name": "der"
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    {
      "args": {
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        "3": "assalio",
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      "args": {
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        "3": "ad",
        "t": "at, towards"
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      "expansion": "Latin ad (“at, towards”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English assailen, from Old French assaillir, assalir, from Late Latin assalīre, from Latin ad (“at, towards”) + salīre (“jump”). See also assault.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "assails",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
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    },
    {
      "form": "assailing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
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    {
      "form": "assailed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
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      "form": "assailed",
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "assault"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
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        "Rhymes:English/eɪl",
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        "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
        "Terms with Czech translations",
        "Terms with Finnish translations",
        "Terms with French translations",
        "Terms with Galician translations",
        "Terms with Gallurese translations",
        "Terms with German translations",
        "Terms with Hungarian translations",
        "Terms with Italian translations",
        "Terms with Japanese translations",
        "Terms with Latin translations",
        "Terms with Mandarin translations",
        "Terms with Maori translations",
        "Terms with Norman translations",
        "Terms with Occitan translations",
        "Terms with Portuguese translations",
        "Terms with Russian translations",
        "Terms with Sardinian translations",
        "Terms with Sassarese translations",
        "Terms with Spanish translations",
        "Terms with Turkish translations",
        "en:Violence"
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      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Muggers assailed them as they entered an alley.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Our ears were assailed by her joyous efforts on her new saxophone.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, pages 76-77:",
          "text": "With greedy force he gan the fort assayle,\nWhereof he weend possesse soone to bee,\nAnd win rich spoile of ransackt chastitee.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:",
          "text": "[…] let us once again assail your ears,\nThat are so fortified against our story,\nWhat we two nights have seen.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1897, Saki, “The Story-teller”, in Beasts and Super-beasts, London: John Lane, published 1914, page 238:",
          "text": "“[…] for the next six months or so those children will assail her in public with demands for an improper story!”",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1942, Zora Neale Hurston, chapter 14, in Dust Tracks on a Road, New York: Arno Press and The New York Times, published 1969, page 258:",
          "text": "We got married immediately after I finished my work […] which should have been the happiest day of my life. […] ¶ But, it was not my happiest day. I was assailed by doubts.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "text": "2007, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, Wizard of the Crow, Nairobo: East African Educational Publishers, Book 2, Chapter 3, p. 64,\nHe did not like being in crowds, foul smells galore assailing his nostrils."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To attack with harsh words or violent force (also figuratively)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "attack",
          "attack"
        ],
        [
          "figurative",
          "figurative"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To attack with harsh words or violent force (also figuratively)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈseɪl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-assail.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-assail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-assail.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-assail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-assail.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪl"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "asail"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "napadam",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "нападам"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "nahvǎrljam se",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "нахвърлям се"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "攻擊"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "gōngjí",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "攻击"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "napadnout"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "napadat"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zaútočit"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "käydä kimppuun"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "assaillir"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "asaltar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "atacar"
    },
    {
      "code": "sdn",
      "lang": "Gallurese",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "gjumpì"
    },
    {
      "code": "sdn",
      "lang": "Gallurese",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "imbistì"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "angreifen"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "megtámad"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "megrohan"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "assalire"
    },
    {
      "alt": "しゅうげきする",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shūgeki suru",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "襲撃する"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "īnstō"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "incessō"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "uruhi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "auta"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "whakatorotoro"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "assailli"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "assalir"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "investir"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "napadátʹ",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "напада́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "napástʹ",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "напа́сть"
    },
    {
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "carrabusai"
    },
    {
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "carraxai"
    },
    {
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "imbistiri"
    },
    {
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "tags": [
        "Logudorese"
      ],
      "word": "appiliare"
    },
    {
      "code": "sdc",
      "lang": "Sassarese",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "assarí"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "atacar"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "asaltar"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "aturdir"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "word": "saldırmak"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "to attack violently",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "possibly"
      ],
      "word": "taarruz etmek"
    }
  ],
  "word": "assail"
}

Download raw JSONL data for assail meaning in All languages combined (9.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.