See Samarkand in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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{
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},
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],
"etymology_text": "From Russian Самарка́нд (Samarkánd), from Persian سمرقند (samarqand), from Sogdian 𐼼𐼺𐼰𐽀𐼸𐼻𐼹𐼳 (smʾrknδh /*Smā́rkąθ/).",
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"ref": "1829, Edgar Allan Poe, “Tamerlane”, in Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems:",
"text": "Look ’round thee now on Samarcand! —\nIs she not queen of Earth? her pride\nAbove all cities? in her hand\nTheir destinies?",
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"text": "In the quaver of his voice was a remembering of long muletrains jingling through the gate, queens in litters hung with patchwork curtains from Samarcand, […]",
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"ref": "1977, Eugenie and Jeffrey Gross, The Soviet Union, page 393:",
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"ref": "2010, Kamoludin Abdullaev, Shahram Akbarzadeh, Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan, page 316:",
"text": "Originating in the ancient city of Afrasiab, Samarqand is one of the centers of Tajik culture and history. At the time of the Soviet delimitation of Central Asia in 1924, Samarqand was included in Uzbekistan, where it is a provincial center.",
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],
"id": "en-Samarkand-en-name-en:Q5753",
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[
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[
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[
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"related": [
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"_dis1": "100 0",
"word": "Samarqandi"
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"word": "Maracanda"
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"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"lang_code": "am",
"roman": "samarḳand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "ሳማርቃንድ"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "samarqand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "سَمَرْقَنْد"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "sumaran",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "سُمَرَان"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "arz",
"roman": "samarqand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
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"feminine"
],
"word": "سمرقند"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"lang_code": "an",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Sarmagant"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "Samarġand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Սամարղանդ"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "axm",
"lang": "Middle Armenian",
"lang_code": "axm",
"roman": "Smrġand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Սմրղանդ"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarcanda"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "av",
"lang": "Avar",
"lang_code": "av",
"roman": "Samarqxʼand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Самаркъанд"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "Сәмәргәнд"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "Səmərqənd"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "Səmərqənd",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Сәмәрҡәнд"
},
{
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"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "Samarkand",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Самарканд"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "śomrokondo",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "সমরকন্দ"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "Samarkand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Самарканд"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarcanda"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Samarqand"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"lang_code": "ce",
"roman": "Samarkánd",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Самарка́нд"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "Sǎmǎ'ěrhǎn",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "撒馬爾罕 /撒马尔罕"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"lang_code": "mhr",
"roman": "Samarkand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Самарканд"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Samarkando"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Samarkand"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarcande"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarcanda"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "samarq̇andi",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "სამარყანდი"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
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"tags": [
"neuter"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
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"feminine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
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"tags": [
"feminine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
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"lang_code": "he",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "סמרקנד"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
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},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
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"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Szamarkand"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
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"feminine"
],
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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},
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{
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{
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"feminine"
],
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{
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],
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"masculine"
],
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{
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{
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{
"_dis1": "34 66",
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{
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],
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},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
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"word": "Semizkend"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "os",
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"word": "Самарка́нд"
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{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "ota",
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"word": "سمرقند"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 66",
"code": "fa",
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"word": "سمرقند"
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{
"_dis1": "34 66",
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"etymology_text": "From Russian Самарка́нд (Samarkánd), from Persian سمرقند (samarqand), from Sogdian 𐼼𐼺𐼰𐽀𐼸𐼻𐼹𐼳 (smʾrknδh /*Smā́rkąθ/).",
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"ref": "1829, Edgar Allan Poe, “Tamerlane”, in Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems:",
"text": "Look ’round thee now on Samarcand! —\nIs she not queen of Earth? her pride\nAbove all cities? in her hand\nTheir destinies?",
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"text": "In the quaver of his voice was a remembering of long muletrains jingling through the gate, queens in litters hung with patchwork curtains from Samarcand, […]",
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"ref": "2010, Kamoludin Abdullaev, Shahram Akbarzadeh, Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan, page 316:",
"text": "Originating in the ancient city of Afrasiab, Samarqand is one of the centers of Tajik culture and history. At the time of the Soviet delimitation of Central Asia in 1924, Samarqand was included in Uzbekistan, where it is a provincial center.",
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"lang_code": "am",
"roman": "samarḳand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "ሳማርቃንድ"
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{
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"roman": "samarqand",
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"word": "سَمَرْقَنْد"
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"word": "سمرقند"
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"word": "Sarmagant"
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{
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"roman": "Samarġand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Սամարղանդ"
},
{
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"roman": "Smrġand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
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{
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"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
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{
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"lang_code": "av",
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"word": "Самаркъанд"
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{
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"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "Səmərqənd",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Сәмәрҡәнд"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "Samarkand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Самарканд"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "śomrokondo",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "সমরকন্দ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "Samarkand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Самарканд"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarcanda"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Samarqand"
},
{
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"lang_code": "ce",
"roman": "Samarkánd",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Самарка́нд"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "Sǎmǎ'ěrhǎn",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "撒馬爾罕 /撒马尔罕"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"lang_code": "mhr",
"roman": "Samarkand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Самарканд"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Samarkando"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Samarkand"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarcande"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarcanda"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "samarq̇andi",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "სამარყანდი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Samarkand"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "Samarkándi",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Σαμαρκάνδη"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "Marákanda",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Μαράκανδα"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "סמרקנד"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "samarqand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "समरक़ंद"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Szamarkand"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarcanda"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "Samarukando",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "サマルカンド"
},
{
"code": "kaa",
"lang": "Karakalpak",
"lang_code": "kaa",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Samarqand"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "Samarqan",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Самарқан"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "Samareukanteu",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "사마르칸트"
},
{
"code": "kum",
"lang": "Kumyk",
"lang_code": "kum",
"roman": "Samarqand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Самаркъанд"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Semerqend"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "Samarkan",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Самаркан"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Maracanda"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarkanda"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Samarkandas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "Samarkand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Самарканд"
},
{
"code": "mai",
"lang": "Maithili",
"lang_code": "mai",
"roman": "samarᵊkanda",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "समरकन्द"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"roman": "samaṟkhaṇḍŭ",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "സമർഖണ്ഡ്"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"roman": "samarkanda",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "समरकंद"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "Samarkánd",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Самарка́нд"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"lang_code": "ne",
"roman": "samarakanda",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "समरकन्द"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarcanda"
},
{
"code": "otk",
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Semizkend"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"lang_code": "os",
"roman": "Samarkánd",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Самарка́нд"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "semerkand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "سمرقند"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "samarqand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "سمرقند"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarkanda"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarcanda"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarkand"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarcand"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarcande"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarkande"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarkanda"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"lang_code": "pa",
"roman": "samrakand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "ਸਮਰਕੰਦ"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Samarkánd",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Самарка́нд"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Самарканд"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Samarkand"
},
{
"code": "sog",
"lang": "Sogdian",
"lang_code": "sog",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Smʼrknδh"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarcanda"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarkanda"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "Samarqand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Самарқанд"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "camarkantu",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "சமர்கந்து"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "Sämärkánd",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Сәмәрка́нд"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "Saa maa-kan",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "ซามาร์คันด์"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Semerkant"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "Samarkand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Самарканд"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "samarqand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "سمرقند"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"roman": "semerqend",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "سەمەرقەند"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"roman": "Samarqand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "Самарқанд"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "Samarqand"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Samarcande"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "samarkand",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "סאַמאַרקאַנד"
},
{
"code": "zaz",
"lang": "Zari",
"lang_code": "zaz",
"sense": "city in Uzbekistan",
"word": "Semerqand"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Bibi-Khanym Mosque"
],
"word": "Samarkand"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Samarkand meaning in English (16.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.