See Perm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for Perm meaning in English (12.6kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "Пермь"
},
"expansion": "Russian Пермь (Permʹ)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "-"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "urj",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Uralic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "põrand"
},
"expansion": "Estonian põrand",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian Пермь (Permʹ), probably from a Proto-Finno-Permic (Uralic) stem; compared to Estonian põrand, dialectal põrmand (“floor, ground”) by P. Alvre in Keel ja Kirjandus No 7, 1981, pp. 407-413. Compare Bjarmaland.\nAppears on western maps as latinized Permia in the late 16th century (Mercator (1595)). The Russian city of Perm is a modern foundation, established under Peter I in 1723.",
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{
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}
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"pos": "name",
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{
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{
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A historical region of northeastern Russia, corresponding to the Kama basin, a left tributary of the Volga."
],
"id": "en-Perm-en-name-95We8cSP",
"links": [
[
"Russia",
"Russia#English"
],
[
"Kama",
"Kama"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Krais of Russia",
"orig": "en:Krais of Russia",
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},
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"source": "w"
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{
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"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
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"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A krai of Russia, near the Ural Mountains."
],
"id": "en-Perm-en-name-VvbbgxWF",
"links": [
[
"krai",
"krai"
],
[
"Russia",
"Russia#English"
],
[
"Ural Mountains",
"Ural Mountains"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cities in Perm Krai",
"orig": "en:Cities in Perm Krai",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
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"Proper nouns",
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},
{
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"name": "Cities in Russia",
"orig": "en:Cities in Russia",
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"source": "w"
},
{
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{
"_dis": "19 17 64",
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
"_dis": "16 19 65",
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},
{
"_dis": "15 20 65",
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},
{
"_dis": "15 17 68",
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"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "15 17 68",
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},
{
"_dis": "13 25 62",
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{
"_dis": "14 20 66",
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{
"_dis": "16 22 62",
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},
{
"_dis": "14 18 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 66",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "21 17 62",
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},
{
"_dis": "17 21 62",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 22 63",
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"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 17 68",
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},
{
"_dis": "15 18 67",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 17 73",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 19 70",
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{
"_dis": "16 18 66",
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"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
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{
"_dis": "14 21 65",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 67",
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"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 19 64",
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"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 67",
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"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 17 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 23 63",
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{
"_dis": "15 20 65",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 17 68",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "16 18 66",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 67",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "16 18 67",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A city, the administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia."
],
"id": "en-Perm-en-name-96qgbJiY",
"links": [
[
"Perm Krai",
"Perm Krai#English"
],
[
"Russia",
"Russia#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "12 8 80",
"word": "Permian"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bīrm",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "بِيرْم"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"Perm"
],
"word": "Պերմ"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "Pjerm",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Перм"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"Perm"
],
"word": "Перм"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "彼爾姆"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Bǐ'ěrmǔ",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "彼尔姆"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗermi",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "პერმი"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "perm",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "פרם"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "perm",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "पेर्म"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "parm",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "पर्म"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Perumi",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "ペルミ"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "koi",
"lang": "Komi-Permyak",
"roman": "Perem",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Перем"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "kpv",
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"roman": "Perym",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Перым"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pereum",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "페름"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"Perm",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Перм"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "Permʹ",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Пермь"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "perm",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "پرم"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "Permʹ",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Пермь"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "Permʹ Velikaja",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Пермь Великая"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "Permʹ Kamskaja",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Пермь Камская"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Перм"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "เปียร์ม"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"Perm"
],
"word": "Пермь"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"Perm",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Перм"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 31 41",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Pecmi"
}
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Perm"
],
"word": "Perm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms derived from Uralic languages",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Komi-Permyak translations",
"Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Udmurt translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "Пермь"
},
"expansion": "Russian Пермь (Permʹ)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "urj",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Uralic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "põrand"
},
"expansion": "Estonian põrand",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian Пермь (Permʹ), probably from a Proto-Finno-Permic (Uralic) stem; compared to Estonian põrand, dialectal põrmand (“floor, ground”) by P. Alvre in Keel ja Kirjandus No 7, 1981, pp. 407-413. Compare Bjarmaland.\nAppears on western maps as latinized Permia in the late 16th century (Mercator (1595)). The Russian city of Perm is a modern foundation, established under Peter I in 1723.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Perm",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"word": "Permian"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Historical and traditional regions",
"en:Places in Russia"
],
"glosses": [
"A historical region of northeastern Russia, corresponding to the Kama basin, a left tributary of the Volga."
],
"links": [
[
"Russia",
"Russia#English"
],
[
"Kama",
"Kama"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Krais of Russia",
"en:Perm Krai",
"en:Places in Russia"
],
"glosses": [
"A krai of Russia, near the Ural Mountains."
],
"links": [
[
"krai",
"krai"
],
[
"Russia",
"Russia#English"
],
[
"Ural Mountains",
"Ural Mountains"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Cities in Perm Krai",
"en:Cities in Russia",
"en:Perm",
"en:Places in Perm Krai",
"en:Places in Russia"
],
"glosses": [
"A city, the administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia."
],
"links": [
[
"Perm Krai",
"Perm Krai#English"
],
[
"Russia",
"Russia#English"
]
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bīrm",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "بِيرْم"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"Perm"
],
"word": "Պերմ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "Pjerm",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Перм"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"Perm"
],
"word": "Перм"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "彼爾姆"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Bǐ'ěrmǔ",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "彼尔姆"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗermi",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "პერმი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "perm",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "פרם"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "perm",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "पेर्म"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "parm",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "पर्म"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Perumi",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "ペルミ"
},
{
"code": "koi",
"lang": "Komi-Permyak",
"roman": "Perem",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Перем"
},
{
"code": "kpv",
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"roman": "Perym",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Перым"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pereum",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "페름"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"Perm",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Перм"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "Permʹ",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Пермь"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "perm",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "پرم"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "Permʹ",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Пермь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "Permʹ Velikaja",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Пермь Великая"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "Permʹ Kamskaja",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Пермь Камская"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Перм"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "เปียร์ม"
},
{
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"Perm"
],
"word": "Пермь"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"tags": [
"Perm",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Перм"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "city in Russia",
"word": "Pecmi"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Perm"
],
"word": "Perm"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.