See -o in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "agro"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "aggro"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "ambo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "ammo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "beano"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "beardo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "boyo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "bucko"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "cheapo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "combo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "commo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "convo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "daddy-o"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "Davo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "distro"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "doggo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "friendo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "hundo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "inspo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "journo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "kiddo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "lameo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "lardo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "lesbo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "litro"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "neato"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "parmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "pinko"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "posho"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "preggo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "preso"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "psycho"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "rando"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "resto"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "righto"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "sicko"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "thicko"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "thingo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "uggo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "wacko"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "weirdo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "whammo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "wino"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "wine-o"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "yobbo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "arvo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "biffo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "bizzo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "bottlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "compo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "deffo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "dero"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "derro"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "doco"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "druggo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "favo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "fisho"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "Freo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "garbo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "goodo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "gyno"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "kero"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "lezzo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "metho"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "milko"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "muso"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "nasho"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "Nasho"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "rabbito"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "reffo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "rego"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "relo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "sammo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "sando"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "seppo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "Seppo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "servo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "smoko"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "the Salvos"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "veggo"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "O<id:vocative>",
"3": "oh<id:surprise>",
"id": "vocative",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin ō\nOld French ohbor.\nMiddle English o\nEnglish O\n▲\nMiddle English o\nEnglish oh\nEnglish -o\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"vocative\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"oh\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"o\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"O\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"surprise\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"oh\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"enm\", \"2\" : \":bor\", \"3\" : \"fro:oh<ety:inh<la:ō<id:vocative>>>\", \"id\" : \"oh\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"o\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"oh\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"vocative\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-o\" id=\"English:_vocative\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "o"
},
"expansion": "Middle English o",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin ō\nOld French ohbor.\nMiddle English o\nEnglish O\n▲\nMiddle English o\nEnglish oh\nEnglish -o\nOriginally a special use of the interjection O or oh appended to street cries and nautical calls to project a hail or shout (as in milk-oh, smoke-oh, and sail-ho). Its later use as a colloquializing noun suffix, particularly prominent in Australian English, developed from the substantivation of these cries (e.g., smoko), reinforced by early nautical adaptations of Mediterranean Lingua Franca or pseudo‐Spanish words (such as guardo). As noted by the Australian National Dictionary, this vocative “hailing” origin naturally led to its frequent attachment to personal names to form nicknames (e.g., John‐o, Jacko).\nSome senses may also derive from o (“one”), from Middle English o, oo, a variant of a, on, oon, an (“one”). See one and -y.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-os",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-oes",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "more -o",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most -o",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "-o (noun-forming suffix, plural -os or -oes)",
"name": "en-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-o (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -o, superlative most -o)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"word": "-y"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "smoke + -o → smoko",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "milk + -o → milko",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A vocative or exclamative particle appended to street cries, nautical calls, or names to project a hail or shout."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--o-en-suffix-en:street_cry",
"links": [
[
"vocative",
"vocative#English"
],
[
"exclamative",
"exclamative#English"
],
[
"particle",
"particle#English"
],
[
"append",
"append#English"
],
[
"street cries",
"street cry#English"
],
[
"nautical",
"nautical#English"
],
[
"call",
"call#English"
],
[
"name",
"name#English"
],
[
"project",
"project#English"
],
[
"hail",
"hail#English"
],
[
"shout",
"shout#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A vocative or exclamative particle appended to street cries, nautical calls, or names to project a hail or shout."
],
"senseid": [
"en:street cry"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kid + -o → kiddo",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sick + -o → sicko",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ugly + -o → uggo",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
10
],
[
19,
20
],
[
31,
32
],
[
37,
38
],
[
65,
66
],
[
72,
73
],
[
91,
92
],
[
102,
103
],
[
109,
110
],
[
114,
115
],
[
124,
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],
[
146,
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],
[
149,
150
],
[
161,
162
],
[
195,
196
],
[
203,
204
],
[
206,
207
]
],
"ref": "1991, Stephen Fry, chapter III, in The Liar, London: William Heinemann, →ISBN, page 26:",
"text": "Adrian thought it worth while to try out his new slang. ‘I say, you fellows, here’s a rum go. Old Biffo was jolly odd this morning. He gave me a lot of pi‐jaw about slacking and then invited me to tea. No rotting! He did really.’",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A colloquializing suffix, typically appended to names, abbreviations of long words, or substantive uses of adjectives."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--o-en-suffix-en:colloquializing",
"links": [
[
"colloquializing",
"colloquializing#English"
],
[
"suffix",
"suffix#English"
],
[
"typically",
"typically#English"
],
[
"append",
"append#English"
],
[
"name",
"name#English"
],
[
"abbreviation",
"abbreviation#English"
],
[
"long",
"long#English"
],
[
"word",
"word#English"
],
[
"substantive",
"substantive#English"
],
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:colloquializing"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əʉ/",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[æ̠ʉ~ɐʉ]",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/oʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "o"
},
{
"homophone": "owe"
},
{
"homophone": "oh"
}
],
"word": "-o"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Spanish"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "es",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Spanish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Italian",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From many Spanish or Italian words that end in o. This ending in such Spanish or Italian words generally derives from -um, the accusative singular inflectional ending for masculine and neuter nouns in Latin.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-o",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-o",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 22 44 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 51 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English rebracketings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "21 20 59",
"word": "stinko"
},
{
"word": "problemo"
},
{
"word": "enduro"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
2
],
[
5,
6
],
[
10,
11
]
],
"text": "no problemo",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Converts certain words to faux Italian or Spanish. Can be used with Spanish el for expressions such as el stinko."
],
"id": "en--o-en-suffix-9pJ1uhI3",
"links": [
[
"faux",
"faux#English"
],
[
"el",
"el#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humorous) Converts certain words to faux Italian or Spanish. Can be used with Spanish el for expressions such as el stinko."
],
"tags": [
"humorous",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əʉ/",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[æ̠ʉ~ɐʉ]",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/oʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "o"
},
{
"homophone": "owe"
},
{
"homophone": "oh"
}
],
"word": "-o"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "typo"
},
"expansion": "Rebracketing of typo",
"name": "rebracketing"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Rebracketing of typo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-os",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "-o (noun-forming suffix, plural -os)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "clicko"
},
{
"word": "copy-pasto"
},
{
"word": "hearo"
},
{
"word": "mouso"
},
{
"word": "printo"
},
{
"word": "scanno"
},
{
"word": "speako"
},
{
"word": "spello"
},
{
"word": "thinko"
},
{
"word": "writo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to verb stems to create a noun describing an error relating to the action described by the verb."
],
"id": "en--o-en-suffix--Tif6~VS",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"error",
"error#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əʉ/",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[æ̠ʉ~ɐʉ]",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/oʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "o"
},
{
"homophone": "owe"
},
{
"homophone": "oh"
}
],
"word": "-o"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjective-forming suffixes",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English rebracketings",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 41 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "agro"
},
{
"word": "aggro"
},
{
"word": "ambo"
},
{
"word": "ammo"
},
{
"word": "beano"
},
{
"word": "beardo"
},
{
"word": "boyo"
},
{
"word": "bucko"
},
{
"word": "cheapo"
},
{
"word": "combo"
},
{
"word": "commo"
},
{
"word": "convo"
},
{
"word": "daddy-o"
},
{
"word": "Davo"
},
{
"word": "distro"
},
{
"word": "doggo"
},
{
"word": "friendo"
},
{
"word": "hundo"
},
{
"word": "inspo"
},
{
"word": "journo"
},
{
"word": "kiddo"
},
{
"word": "lameo"
},
{
"word": "lardo"
},
{
"word": "lesbo"
},
{
"word": "litro"
},
{
"word": "neato"
},
{
"word": "parmo"
},
{
"word": "pinko"
},
{
"word": "posho"
},
{
"word": "preggo"
},
{
"word": "preso"
},
{
"word": "psycho"
},
{
"word": "rando"
},
{
"word": "resto"
},
{
"word": "righto"
},
{
"word": "sicko"
},
{
"word": "stinko"
},
{
"word": "thicko"
},
{
"word": "thingo"
},
{
"word": "uggo"
},
{
"word": "wacko"
},
{
"word": "weirdo"
},
{
"word": "whammo"
},
{
"word": "wino"
},
{
"word": "wine-o"
},
{
"word": "yobbo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "arvo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "biffo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "bizzo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "bottlo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "compo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "deffo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "dero"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "derro"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "doco"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "druggo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "favo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "fisho"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "Freo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "garbo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "goodo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "gyno"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "kero"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "lezzo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "metho"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "milko"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "muso"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "nasho"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "Nasho"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "rabbito"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "reffo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "rego"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "relo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "sammo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "sando"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "seppo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "Seppo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "servo"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "smoko"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "the Salvos"
},
{
"sense": "Australianisms",
"word": "veggo"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "O<id:vocative>",
"3": "oh<id:surprise>",
"id": "vocative",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin ō\nOld French ohbor.\nMiddle English o\nEnglish O\n▲\nMiddle English o\nEnglish oh\nEnglish -o\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"vocative\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"oh\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"o\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"O\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"surprise\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"oh\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"enm\", \"2\" : \":bor\", \"3\" : \"fro:oh<ety:inh<la:ō<id:vocative>>>\", \"id\" : \"oh\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"o\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"oh\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"vocative\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-o\" id=\"English:_vocative\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "o"
},
"expansion": "Middle English o",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin ō\nOld French ohbor.\nMiddle English o\nEnglish O\n▲\nMiddle English o\nEnglish oh\nEnglish -o\nOriginally a special use of the interjection O or oh appended to street cries and nautical calls to project a hail or shout (as in milk-oh, smoke-oh, and sail-ho). Its later use as a colloquializing noun suffix, particularly prominent in Australian English, developed from the substantivation of these cries (e.g., smoko), reinforced by early nautical adaptations of Mediterranean Lingua Franca or pseudo‐Spanish words (such as guardo). As noted by the Australian National Dictionary, this vocative “hailing” origin naturally led to its frequent attachment to personal names to form nicknames (e.g., John‐o, Jacko).\nSome senses may also derive from o (“one”), from Middle English o, oo, a variant of a, on, oon, an (“one”). See one and -y.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-os",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-oes",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "more -o",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most -o",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "-o (noun-forming suffix, plural -os or -oes)",
"name": "en-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-o (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -o, superlative most -o)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ie"
},
{
"word": "-y"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "smoke + -o → smoko",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "milk + -o → milko",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A vocative or exclamative particle appended to street cries, nautical calls, or names to project a hail or shout."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"vocative",
"vocative#English"
],
[
"exclamative",
"exclamative#English"
],
[
"particle",
"particle#English"
],
[
"append",
"append#English"
],
[
"street cries",
"street cry#English"
],
[
"nautical",
"nautical#English"
],
[
"call",
"call#English"
],
[
"name",
"name#English"
],
[
"project",
"project#English"
],
[
"hail",
"hail#English"
],
[
"shout",
"shout#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A vocative or exclamative particle appended to street cries, nautical calls, or names to project a hail or shout."
],
"senseid": [
"en:street cry"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kid + -o → kiddo",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sick + -o → sicko",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ugly + -o → uggo",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
10
],
[
19,
20
],
[
31,
32
],
[
37,
38
],
[
65,
66
],
[
72,
73
],
[
91,
92
],
[
102,
103
],
[
109,
110
],
[
114,
115
],
[
124,
125
],
[
146,
147
],
[
149,
150
],
[
161,
162
],
[
195,
196
],
[
203,
204
],
[
206,
207
]
],
"ref": "1991, Stephen Fry, chapter III, in The Liar, London: William Heinemann, →ISBN, page 26:",
"text": "Adrian thought it worth while to try out his new slang. ‘I say, you fellows, here’s a rum go. Old Biffo was jolly odd this morning. He gave me a lot of pi‐jaw about slacking and then invited me to tea. No rotting! He did really.’",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A colloquializing suffix, typically appended to names, abbreviations of long words, or substantive uses of adjectives."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"colloquializing",
"colloquializing#English"
],
[
"suffix",
"suffix#English"
],
[
"typically",
"typically#English"
],
[
"append",
"append#English"
],
[
"name",
"name#English"
],
[
"abbreviation",
"abbreviation#English"
],
[
"long",
"long#English"
],
[
"word",
"word#English"
],
[
"substantive",
"substantive#English"
],
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:colloquializing"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əʉ/",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[æ̠ʉ~ɐʉ]",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/oʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "o"
},
{
"homophone": "owe"
},
{
"homophone": "oh"
}
],
"word": "-o"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English rebracketings",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Spanish",
"English terms with homophones",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 41 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "problemo"
},
{
"word": "stinko"
},
{
"word": "enduro"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Spanish"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "es",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Spanish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Italian",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From many Spanish or Italian words that end in o. This ending in such Spanish or Italian words generally derives from -um, the accusative singular inflectional ending for masculine and neuter nouns in Latin.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-o",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-o",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English humorous terms",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
2
],
[
5,
6
],
[
10,
11
]
],
"text": "no problemo",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Converts certain words to faux Italian or Spanish. Can be used with Spanish el for expressions such as el stinko."
],
"links": [
[
"faux",
"faux#English"
],
[
"el",
"el#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humorous) Converts certain words to faux Italian or Spanish. Can be used with Spanish el for expressions such as el stinko."
],
"tags": [
"humorous",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əʉ/",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[æ̠ʉ~ɐʉ]",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/oʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "o"
},
{
"homophone": "owe"
},
{
"homophone": "oh"
}
],
"word": "-o"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English rebracketings",
"English suffixes",
"English terms with homophones",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 41 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "clicko"
},
{
"word": "copy-pasto"
},
{
"word": "hearo"
},
{
"word": "mouso"
},
{
"word": "printo"
},
{
"word": "scanno"
},
{
"word": "speako"
},
{
"word": "spello"
},
{
"word": "thinko"
},
{
"word": "writo"
}
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "typo"
},
"expansion": "Rebracketing of typo",
"name": "rebracketing"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Rebracketing of typo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-os",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "-o (noun-forming suffix, plural -os)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Added to verb stems to create a noun describing an error relating to the action described by the verb."
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"error",
"error#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əʉ/",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[æ̠ʉ~ɐʉ]",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/oʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "o"
},
{
"homophone": "owe"
},
{
"homophone": "oh"
}
],
"word": "-o"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -o meaning in English (12.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-o"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-o",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: adjective-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-o"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-o",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-o"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-o",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.