See hoeven in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "hoef"
},
{
"lang": "Javindo",
"lang_code": "jvd",
"word": "hoef"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "*hoeven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch *hoeven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "hö̂ven",
"t": "to require, need"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German hö̂ven (“to require, need”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "hoeve",
"t": "to need, want"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "behoeven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch behoeven",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch *hoeven, of uncertain origin and formation. Cognates, such as Middle Low German hö̂ven (“to require, need”) and West Frisian hoeve (“to need, want”), are attested much more sparsely, and later, than those of the prefixed forms (e.g. Dutch behoeven). It therefore appears that hoeven is a back-formation from behoeven.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "hoef",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoef",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hoef",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hoevend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gehoeven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hoeven",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"hoe",
"ven"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "hoef",
"2": "hoeve",
"3": "hoeven"
},
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}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to be necessary"
],
"id": "en-hoeven-nl-verb-gP7Rm-JP",
"links": [
[
"necessary",
"necessary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to be necessary"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 9 38 4 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 44 4 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 45 3 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"english": "You don't have to seek far.",
"text": "Je hoeft niet ver te zoeken.",
"translation": "You don't have to seek far.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
16
]
],
"english": "You only need to ask it.",
"text": "Je hoeft het maar te vragen.",
"translation": "You only need to ask it.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to need to, to have to"
],
"id": "en-hoeven-nl-verb-iq48rd2Y",
"links": [
[
"te",
"te#Dutch"
],
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, with te) to need to, to have to"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with te"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"english": "I only need two (of them).",
"text": "Ik hoef er maar twee.",
"translation": "I only need two (of them).",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to need"
],
"id": "en-hoeven-nl-verb-fCXPH8yL",
"links": [
[
"maar",
"maar#Dutch"
],
[
"need",
"need"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, with maar) to need"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with maar"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 9 38 4 36",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 44 4 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 45 3 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to need to urinate or defecate, to need to go"
],
"id": "en-hoeven-nl-verb-bv47o8zF",
"links": [
[
"urinate",
"urinate"
],
[
"defecate",
"defecate"
],
[
"go",
"go"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, euphemistic) to need to urinate or defecate, to need to go"
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɦuvə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-hoeven.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Nl-hoeven.ogg/Nl-hoeven.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Nl-hoeven.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uvən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "moeten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "behoeven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nodig hebben"
}
],
"word": "hoeven"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
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],
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "hoeven",
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],
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{
"parts": [
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]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "hoef"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of hoef"
],
"id": "en-hoeven-nl-noun-H~Kj5KiU",
"links": [
[
"hoef",
"hoef#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɦuvə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-hoeven.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Nl-hoeven.ogg/Nl-hoeven.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Nl-hoeven.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uvən"
}
],
"word": "hoeven"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
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],
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "hoeven",
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],
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{
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}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
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{
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{
"word": "hoeve"
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],
"glosses": [
"plural of hoeve"
],
"id": "en-hoeven-nl-noun-TVAdrVtQ",
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[
"hoeve",
"hoeve#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
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],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɦuvə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-hoeven.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Nl-hoeven.ogg/Nl-hoeven.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Nl-hoeven.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uvən"
}
],
"word": "hoeven"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch noun forms",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms with unknown etymologies",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs with strong past participles",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/uvən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/uvən/2 syllables"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "hoef"
},
{
"lang": "Javindo",
"lang_code": "jvd",
"word": "hoef"
}
],
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"2": "dum",
"3": "*hoeven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch *hoeven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "hoeve",
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "behoeven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch behoeven",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch *hoeven, of uncertain origin and formation. Cognates, such as Middle Low German hö̂ven (“to require, need”) and West Frisian hoeve (“to need, want”), are attested much more sparsely, and later, than those of the prefixed forms (e.g. Dutch behoeven). It therefore appears that hoeven is a back-formation from behoeven.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "hoef",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoef",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hoefden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hoef",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hoeft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hoevend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gehoeven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hoeven",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"hoe",
"ven"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hoef",
"2": "hoeve",
"3": "hoeven"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to be necessary"
],
"links": [
[
"necessary",
"necessary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to be necessary"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch auxiliary verbs",
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"english": "You don't have to seek far.",
"text": "Je hoeft niet ver te zoeken.",
"translation": "You don't have to seek far.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
16
]
],
"english": "You only need to ask it.",
"text": "Je hoeft het maar te vragen.",
"translation": "You only need to ask it.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to need to, to have to"
],
"links": [
[
"te",
"te#Dutch"
],
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, with te) to need to, to have to"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with te"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
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[
7,
11
]
],
"english": "I only need two (of them).",
"text": "Ik hoef er maar twee.",
"translation": "I only need two (of them).",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to need"
],
"links": [
[
"maar",
"maar#Dutch"
],
[
"need",
"need"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, with maar) to need"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with maar"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch euphemisms",
"Dutch intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to need to urinate or defecate, to need to go"
],
"links": [
[
"urinate",
"urinate"
],
[
"defecate",
"defecate"
],
[
"go",
"go"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, euphemistic) to need to urinate or defecate, to need to go"
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɦuvə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-hoeven.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Nl-hoeven.ogg/Nl-hoeven.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Nl-hoeven.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uvən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "moeten"
},
{
"word": "behoeven"
},
{
"word": "nodig hebben"
}
],
"word": "hoeven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch noun forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/uvən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/uvən/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "hoeven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"hoe",
"ven"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "hoef"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of hoef"
],
"links": [
[
"hoef",
"hoef#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɦuvə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-hoeven.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Nl-hoeven.ogg/Nl-hoeven.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Nl-hoeven.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uvən"
}
],
"word": "hoeven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch noun forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/uvən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/uvən/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "hoeven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"hoe",
"ven"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "hoeve"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of hoeve"
],
"links": [
[
"hoeve",
"hoeve#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɦuvə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-hoeven.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Nl-hoeven.ogg/Nl-hoeven.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Nl-hoeven.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uvən"
}
],
"word": "hoeven"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hoeven meaning in Dutch (8.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.