See 杜撰 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "zusan",
"ruby": [
[
"杜撰",
"ずさん"
]
],
"word": "杜撰"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the surname of an 11ᵗʰ century poet Du Mo, whose poetry works often do not conform to the metre patterns of classical Chinese poetry.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "杜撰",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "written by Du (Mo)",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 0 2 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 0 2 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fabricate; to forge; to make up"
],
"id": "en-杜撰-zh-verb-rdHmJ~Jp",
"links": [
[
"fabricate",
"fabricate"
],
[
"forge",
"forge#Etymology 2"
],
[
"make up",
"make up"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "jiǎzào",
"word": "假造"
},
{
"roman": "wěizào",
"word": "偽造"
},
{
"roman": "wěizào",
"word": "伪造"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "土統"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "土统"
},
{
"roman": "niē",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "捏"
},
{
"roman": "niēzào",
"word": "捏造"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "桶摃"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "桶𫼱"
},
{
"roman": "gòuzào",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "構造"
},
{
"roman": "gòuzào",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "构造"
},
{
"roman": "xiābiān",
"word": "瞎編"
},
{
"roman": "xiābiān",
"word": "瞎编"
},
{
"roman": "biānzhì",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "編製"
},
{
"roman": "biānzhì",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "编制"
},
{
"roman": "biānzào",
"word": "編造"
},
{
"roman": "biānzào",
"word": "编造"
},
{
"roman": "húbiān",
"word": "胡編"
},
{
"roman": "húbiān",
"word": "胡编"
},
{
"roman": "yìzào",
"word": "臆造"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "莫之莫捏"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "莫捏"
},
{
"roman": "xūgòu",
"word": "虛構"
},
{
"roman": "xūgòu",
"word": "虚构"
},
{
"roman": "zàoyáo",
"word": "造謠"
},
{
"roman": "zàoyáo",
"word": "造谣"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"zh:杜默"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "dùzhuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄉㄨˋ ㄓㄨㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "dou⁶ zaan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "dou⁶ zaan³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "tō͘-choān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "dùzhuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄉㄨˋ ㄓㄨㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "dùjhuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "tu⁴-chuan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "dù-jwàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "duhjuann"
},
{
"roman": "dučžuanʹ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "дучжуань"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "dou⁶ zaan⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "dou⁶ zaan³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "douh jaahn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "douh jaan"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "dou⁶ dzaan⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "dou⁶ dzaan³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "dou⁶ zan⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "dou⁶ zan³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tou̯²² t͡saːn²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tou̯²² t͡saːn³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "tō͘-choān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "tōo-tsuān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "doxzoan"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡suan²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔ⁴¹⁻²² t͡suan⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡suan²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔ³³⁻¹¹ t͡suan³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔ³³⁻²¹ t͡suan³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
}
],
"word": "杜撰"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "zusan",
"ruby": [
[
"杜撰",
"ずさん"
]
],
"word": "杜撰"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the surname of an 11ᵗʰ century poet Du Mo, whose poetry works often do not conform to the metre patterns of classical Chinese poetry.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "杜撰",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "written by Du (Mo)",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese verbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 撰",
"Chinese terms spelled with 杜",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien verbs",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to fabricate; to forge; to make up"
],
"links": [
[
"fabricate",
"fabricate"
],
[
"forge",
"forge#Etymology 2"
],
[
"make up",
"make up"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"zh:杜默"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "dùzhuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄉㄨˋ ㄓㄨㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "dou⁶ zaan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "dou⁶ zaan³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "tō͘-choān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "dùzhuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄉㄨˋ ㄓㄨㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "dùjhuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "tu⁴-chuan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "dù-jwàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "duhjuann"
},
{
"roman": "dučžuanʹ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "дучжуань"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "dou⁶ zaan⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "dou⁶ zaan³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "douh jaahn"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "douh jaan"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "dou⁶ dzaan⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "dou⁶ dzaan³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "dou⁶ zan⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "dou⁶ zan³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tou̯²² t͡saːn²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tou̯²² t͡saːn³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau",
"Standard-Cantonese"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "tō͘-choān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "tōo-tsuān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "doxzoan"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡suan²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔ⁴¹⁻²² t͡suan⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡suan²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔ³³⁻¹¹ t͡suan³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔ³³⁻²¹ t͡suan³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "jiǎzào",
"word": "假造"
},
{
"roman": "wěizào",
"word": "偽造"
},
{
"roman": "wěizào",
"word": "伪造"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "土統"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "土统"
},
{
"roman": "niē",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "捏"
},
{
"roman": "niēzào",
"word": "捏造"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "桶摃"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "桶𫼱"
},
{
"roman": "gòuzào",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "構造"
},
{
"roman": "gòuzào",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "构造"
},
{
"roman": "xiābiān",
"word": "瞎編"
},
{
"roman": "xiābiān",
"word": "瞎编"
},
{
"roman": "biānzhì",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "編製"
},
{
"roman": "biānzhì",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "编制"
},
{
"roman": "biānzào",
"word": "編造"
},
{
"roman": "biānzào",
"word": "编造"
},
{
"roman": "húbiān",
"word": "胡編"
},
{
"roman": "húbiān",
"word": "胡编"
},
{
"roman": "yìzào",
"word": "臆造"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "莫之莫捏"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "莫捏"
},
{
"roman": "xūgòu",
"word": "虛構"
},
{
"roman": "xūgòu",
"word": "虚构"
},
{
"roman": "zàoyáo",
"word": "造謠"
},
{
"roman": "zàoyáo",
"word": "造谣"
}
],
"word": "杜撰"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 杜撰 meaning in Chinese (5.4kB)
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E6%8D%8F%E9%80%A0'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"杜撰"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "杜撰",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-09-20 using wiktextract (ea0d853 and 1ab82da). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.